Introduction教委写作 revised.doc

Common Problems in Writing：1. wrong word (using a word with a wrong meaning, a wrong preposition or word in an idiom) 用词错误a. 词义不准确e.g. The child suffered from a severe allegory to peanuts. (symbolic meaning) Shanghai is going to be a financial and economical center. As time went on, he grew more and more homesick and sentimental. She stared at me doubtfully.b. 搭配不合习惯e.g. Students need to read variously. I eventually grew out of this innocent age and behavior.Because of his bad family background, he was forced to leave the village.c. 动词短语结构或用法不对e.g. We were demanded to speak English all the time. Memory fades itself as time goes by. He settled down and married. They hope their children to become useful people in future. d. 表意不妥当e.g. The manager asked me to tell Katie that credit cards would be accepted only on condition that she would buy clothes worth more than 500 RMB. My father is an interesting guy. The English teacher was an extremely fat woman. e. Wrong propositione.g. The panel discussed the ethical implications on the situation. 2. Missing comma after an introductory elemente.g. Determined to get the job done we worked all weekend. In German nouns are always capitalized.3. Vague pronoun referencepossible reference to more than one word Transmitting radio signals by satellite is a way of overcoming the problem of scarce airwaves and limiting how they are used. 4. Spelling (including homonyms) No one came forward to bare witness to the crime.Every where we went, we saw crowds of tourists. The wolves stayed untill the pups were able to leave the den.5. Unnecessary commabefore conjunctions in compound constructions that are not compound sentences. This conclusion applies to the United States, and to the rest of the world.with restrictive elements Many parents, of gifted children, do not want them to skip a grade.6. Missing word The site foreman discriminated women and promoted men with less experience. Christophers behavior becomes bizarre that his family asks for help. 7. Faulty sentence structure 句子结构错误 I remember one day at noon my sister accompanied me home from the kindergarten. The street where my family lived was an ordinary small street one could see it everywhere in Shanghai. The information which high school athletes are presented with mainly includes information on what credits needed to graduate, and thinking about the college which athletes are trying to play for, and apply. People who use marijuana can build up a tolerance for it will want a stronger drug.8. Missing comma with a nonrestrictive element Marina who was the president of the club was first to speak.9. Unnecessary shift in verb tense1. A few countries produce almost all of the worlds illegal drugs, but addiction affected many countries.2. Priya was watching the great blue heron（苍鹭）. Then she slips and falls into the swamp.3. We can see that people began to realize the importance of education. 4. Since I entered college two years ago, the dorm I live in became a pleasant, homelike place for me. 5. It was the first time I had contact with a local family. 6. With the help of the teachers, I begin to get more interested in the course. 10. Missing comma in a compound sentence The words “I do” may sound simple but they mean a life commitment. Meredith waited for Samir and her sister grew impatient.11. Unnecessary or missing apostrophe Overambitious parents can be very harmful to a childs well-being. The car is lying on its side in the ditch. Its a white 2004 Passat. She passed the front runner, and the race was hers. 12. Fused (run-on) sentence 溶合句，缺乏标点或连词的句子1. The current was swift he could not swim to shore. 2. Kims paintings seem simple they are very sophisticated. 3. She doubted the value of meditation（deep thought) she decided to try it once.13. Comma splice I was strongly drawn to her, she had special qualities. We hated the meat loaf, the cafeteria served it every Friday.14. Lack of pronoun-antecedent agreement Each of the puppies thrived in their new home. Either Nirupa or Selena will be asked to give their speech to the graduates. The team frequently changed its positions to get varied experience. Every student must provide his own uniform. (or her)15. Unnecessary or missing hyphen This paper looks at fictional and real life examples. Some of the soldiers were only eleven-years-old. The buyers want to fix-up the house and resell it.16. Sentence fragmentNo subject Marie Antoinette spent huge sums of money on herself and her favorites. And helped bring on the French Revolution. No complete verb The old aluminum boat sitting on its trailer.Beginning with a subordinate word We returned to the drugstore. Where we waited for our buddies.17. Poorly integrated quotation A 1970s study of what makes food appetizing “Once it became apparent that the steak was actually blue and the fries were green, some people became ill” (Schlosser 565).A 1970s study of what makes food appetizing showed how color affects taste: “Once it became apparent that the steak was actually blue and the fries were green, some people became ill” (Schlosser 565). “Dumpster diving has serious drawbacks as a way of life” (Eighner 383). Finding edible food is especially tricky.According to Lars Eighner, “Dumpster diving has serious drawbacks as a way of life” (383). Finding edible food is especially tricky.18. Mechanical error with a quotation “I grew up the victim of a disconcerting confusion” , Rodriguez says (249).The comma should be placed inside the quotation marks. Captain Renault (Claude Rains) says that he is shockedshocked! to find gambling going on in here” (Casablanca). 19. Unnecessary or missing capitalization Some Traditional Chinese Medicines containing Ephedra (麻黄属植物）remain legal.20. Others词汇级别问题：过低，过于正式 ;书面语口语化 ; 中式 英语 I am not in total agreement with the phenomenon. Its a pity that though I had good conditions to learn English. I didnt make good use of them. If you have the mood, you can go fishing. He is older in appearance than in age. I think no one can improve his composition level merely by studying 90 minutes at class every week.选词/词语搭配：名词 ability approach (to) Job/work Black tea Leave no litter/no littering. The dropping of litter. 动词enjoy appreciate*enjoy free medical care For instance, when we are enjoying ourselves at a holiday resort, an unexpected call from our boss tells us that there are problems with our clients or work.农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多, 因此欲望也小得多*enjoy less thanAs people in an agricultural society enjoy much fewer comforts than those in an industrial society, they have less desire. I would much appreciate it if you would do me that favour.Spend some time doing sth.Spend some money on sth.it takes sb. some time to do it takes sth to do sth. *Marry with a man (marry a man) 形容词/副词 invaluable/very much连词 介词搭配 Clich, more and more/an increasing number of/ a rising number 句法：时态误用*I have seen the film last night.定语从句的过度使用There be 冠词错误：The artistic atmosphere prevails over the city. (A strong atmosphere.)Composition course, as a creative course, requires us to create rather than to imitate only. (The composition course)I jumped out of the bed and felt the biting cold. (a biting cold)Indefinable fear swelled in my heart. (An indefinable fear)涌起，充满(某种情感)If youswell witha feeling, you are suddenly full of that feeling.名词单复数错误：Both my parents have received good educations.There are many funs in city life. (is a lot more fun)Human being has another instinct. (human beings have)He got a good mark at school. (good marks)The following story tells about the heart-rending (使人悲痛的，令人心碎的） experience of a latter-day white-haired man. (experiences)We are bombarded with (用炮弹轰击，使大量面对）all kinds of informations. (information)动词形式错误：They would stop talking and laughing and stared at me as if I was an E.T. (stare)I began to get bored and looking forward to see the outside world. (look forward to seeing)I shivered when I heard an impatient bus conductor shouted in Shanghai dialect. (shout/shouting)I was a little bit upsetted. (upset)When there was an important match which I guess comes only once in years, I did give up my meal as unimportant while indulged in watching it on TV. (indulging)非谓语动词错误：Born and grown up in Guangxi, he was a talented man. (brought)I am really lucky to be able to come back, narrowly(勉强地）escaping death. Theynarrowlyescaped shipwreck in a storm in the North Sea. 他们在北海遇到风暴，船险些失事。(having narrowly escaped, after escaping)Seeing Mary off, she returned to the bedroom and sat down before the lamp. (after seeing, or having seen)When being asked about my fathers whereabouts（下落，行踪）, Mother would simply answer, He is on duty.(When asked / On being asked)Now having seen me, Johnson tried to bring the conversation to an end. (On seeing me, or/Seeing that I was there too)Permitting, well go for picnic tomorrow. Lying in bed alone in the darkness and listening to the sad music on the radio, tears couldnt help gushing(涌出，喷出） from my eyes. a gush o