大学物理下册常用英文单词.doc

大学物理下册常用英文单词及短语Mechanical Oscillation（ vibration）机械振动Electromagnetic Oscillation 电磁振荡Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) simple harmonic oscillator 简谐振动Superposition 合成、叠加Spring 弹簧Period 周期frequency Angular frequency 频率、角频率Phase initial phase 相位、初相rotating vector 旋转矢量vertical directions 垂直方向Mechanical Wave 机械波Plane Harmonic Waves 平面简谐波Propagation 传播Huygens Principle 惠更斯原理Interference of Waves 波的干涉Standing Wave (Stationary Waves) 驻波 traveling waveDoppler Effect 多普勒效应Medium 介质Transverse waves 横波 Longitudinal waves 纵波:Wave Front：(波前)Wavelength 波长Crest 波峰 trough 波谷Wave speed 波速Randomly 随机Position 位置Displacement 位移wave equation 波动方程oscillating curve 振动曲线kinetic, potential and total energy 动能、势能和总能量energy flow density 能流密度spherical waves 球面波Principle of Independent Propagation 波的独立传播原理Principle of Superposition of Waves 波的叠加原理Coherent wave 相干波phase difference 相位差wave path difference 波程差constructive 干涉相长destructive 干涉相消interface draft(干涉图样)Node 波节 Antinode 波幅important features: 重要性质Half-Wave Loss 半波损失wavy thinner medium 波疏介质wavy denser medium 波密介质toward 向着far away 背离Optics 光学Visible light可见光 light vector 光矢量Luminescence 发光Interference of Light 光的干涉 Coherence Light 相干光incoherent superposition 非相干叠加 coherent superposition 相干叠加Optical Distance 光程 Optical Path Difference 光程差Film Interference 薄膜干涉Reflection反射 Refraction折射 Diffraction 衍射Slit 缝 Fraunhofer 夫朗和费Grating 光栅Polarized Light 偏振光 stable interference pattern 稳定杆射花样light intensity 光强Youngs Interference 杨氏干涉 central bright fringe 中央明纹first-order bright fringes 第一级明纹adjacent bright (or dark) fringes 相邻明暗纹Lloyds mirror experiment 络唉镜实验the refractive index 折射率 Thin Lens 薄透镜parallel light 平行光in-phase 同相位primary optical axis 主光轴secondary optical axis 副光轴primary focus 主焦点 focal plane 焦平面optical center 光心Equal-inclination interference, isoclinal interference 等倾干涉 Film 薄膜Equal-thickness interference(等厚干涉)Wedge Interference 劈尖干涉 bright or dark fringes 明暗纹distance 距离Newtons ring 牛顿环 Michelsons Interferometer 迈克尔逊干涉仪Huygens-Fresnels Principle 惠更斯菲涅尔原理incident lights 入射光Fresnel Diffraction 菲涅尔衍射Vertical 垂直的center bright fringe 中央明纹Circular Hole Diffraction 圆孔衍射Ariy disk 艾丽斑Rayleigh criterion 瑞丽判据Ruling 刻痕glass plate 平板玻璃grating constant 光栅常数diffraction angle 衍射角grating equation 光栅方程Primary maximum fringe 主机大条纹spectrum line 谱线visible frings 可见条纹incident normally 垂直入射missing order 缺级Dark fringe 暗纹equal to 等于Grating spectrum 光栅光谱Oblique incidence 斜入射Nature Light 自然光Polarized Light 偏振光Linearly Polarized Light 线偏振光plane polarized light 平面偏振光Partially Polarized Light 部分偏振光Polarizer 起偏、偏振片Analyser 检偏The polarized direction 偏振方向Malus Law 马吕斯定律Extinction消光 Snells Law (refraction law)死聂耳折射定律Brewsters Law 布如斯特定律full polarization angle全偏振角 or Brewster angle布儒斯特角the Kinetic Theory of Gases 气体动理论Equilibrium State 平衡态Ideal Gas 理想气体Equipartition Theory of Energy 能量均分理论Internal energy 内能Maxwell Speed Distribution 麦克斯韦速率分布Boltzmann Distribution 波尔滋蔓速率分布The Mean Free Path 平均自由程vast number of molecular 大量分子Thermodynamics 热力学 Thermology 热学macroscopic quantities 宏观态microcosmic quantities 微观态Avogadros constant 阿伏伽德罗常量 Brownian Motion 布朗运动Attractive 吸引Repulsive 排斥isolated System 孤立系统State Parameters 状态参量Ideal Gas Equation of State 理想气体状态方程geometric parameter 几何参数mechanical parameter 力学参数thermal parameter 热学参数fixed 固定的The root-mean-square(RMS) speed 方均根速率 The degrees of freedom of molecule 分子自由度monatomic gas 单原子分子diatomic gas双原子分子polyatomic gas 多原子分子Energy Equipartition theorem 能量均分定理degree of translational freedom 平动自由度translational kinetic energy 平动动能average kinetic energy 平均动能 rotational kinetic energy 转动动能thermodynamic temperature 热力学温度speed distribution function 速率分布函数the mean value 平均值collisions 碰撞Normalization归一化 Curve 曲线the most probable speed 最可几速率 average speed 平均速度 The mean free path 平均自由程 The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Adiabatic Process绝热过程Carnot Cycle 卡诺循环Cyclical Processes 循环过程 The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律Reversible可逆的 & Irreversible不可逆的 ProcessStatistical Meaning 统计意义Entropy 熵Quasistataic process 准静态过程Work功、Heat热、Internal Energy 内能Piston 活塞Integration 积分Isochoric process等容过程Isobaric process等压过程Isothermal Processes等温过程Heat Capacities 热容Specific Heat capacity比热容 molar heat capacity 摩尔热熔Mayers formular 迈耶公式 Adiabatic equation 绝热过程adiabatic curve 绝热曲线isotherm curve 等温曲线heat engine 热机p-V diagram p-V图original state 初态 Clockwise 正循环Anticlockwise 逆循环Refrigerator 电冰箱The efficiency of heat engines 热机效