21世纪研究生英语教材阅读教程.doc

第一单元词汇11.Obesityisoneoftheleadingcausesofacceleratedaging,accordingtoCooper.1.按照库柏的看法,过度肥胖是加速衰老的主要原因之一。2.Manyofthemoleculesandsubstancesthatcirculateinbodyoverlapbetweenimmunefunctionandsleep.2.许多这些分子和物质在身体内循环在免疫力和睡眠之间重叠。3.ThispatienthasfeverandlowerabdominalpainthatIcannotexplain.3.我不能解释这个病人的发烧和下腹痛。4.Chemicalsinourbodiesbreakdownthefoodweeatsowecanabsorbit.4.我们身体的化学物质分解所吃的食物,所以我们才可以吸收。5.Moreover,thesamevirusthatcausesmildillnessinonecountrycanresultinmuchhighermorbidityandmortalityinanother.5.另外,有的病毒在一国造成轻微症状,而在一国,同一病毒引起的发病率和死亡率却可能高得多。6.Weconcludethissectionwithtwoexamplesofmotionundertheactionofavariableforce.6.下面我们举两个关于物体在变力作用下运动的例子来结束这一节。7.Frictionistheresistencetomotionbetweentwoobjectsincontactwitheachother.7.摩擦力是在两个相互接触的物体之间因相对运动产生的阻力。8.TheindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.8.工业革命变革了英国的整个社会结构。9.Theplanewascriticallydisabledwhenoneoftheenginescaughtfire.9.有一台引擎起火,使飞机严重受损。10.Twoprincipalhazardsexistindealingwithinertgases:asphyxiationandpressure.10.涉及惰性气体时存在两个主要的危险:窒息和压力。翻译2中译英1.因特网是一个互动网络,客户在因特网上能发布消息、参加讨论、进行投票或聊天。(release)1.Internetisaninteractivenetworkonwhichthecustomerscanreleasenews,joinindiscussion,andperformvotingorchatting.2.与我原先的想法相反的是,这家跨国公司的气氛一点都不令人轻松愉快。(contraryto)2.ContrarytowhatIhadthought,theatmosphereofthemultinationalcompanywasnoteasyandenjoyableatall.3.经过几天仔细的调查后,联邦调查局特工人员发现一切证据都表明他犯有谋杀罪。(pointto)3.Afterseveraldaysinvestigation,FBIagentsfoundalltheevidencepointedtohis committingamurder.4.2004年,中国政府采用了大量放缓经济增速的措施,并对钢铁行业加以关注。(araftof)4.In2004,thegovernmenttookaraftofmeasurestoslowtheeconomyandpaidclose/specialattentiontothesteelindustry.5.我们的目的是探讨对大学生进行艾滋病教育的有效方式,为研究适合我国高校的艾滋病教育模式提供参考。(explore)5.OurobjectiveistoexploreaneffectivewayofAIDSeducationforcollegestudents,andtoprovidereferenceforAIDSeducationmodelinChinascolleges.题目When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and _1_ than male managers?Some research _2_ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater _3_, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a _4_ to bring emotional factors to bear _5_ making workplace decisions. These differences are _6_ to carry advantages for companies, _7_ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to _8_ the company manage its workforce _9_.A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum _10_ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that _11_ from the command-and-control style _12_ used by male managers. Using this interactive leadership approach, women _13_ participation, share power and information, _14_ other peoples self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these _15_ reflect their belief that allowing _16_ to contribute and to feel _17_ and important is a win-win _18_-good for the employees and the organization. The studys director _19_ that interactive leadership may emerge _20_ the management style of choice for many organizations.1.A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed2.A) supports B) arguesC) opposes D) despises3.A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation4.A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue5.A) by B) in C) at D) with6.A) disclosedB) watched C) revised D) seen7.A) thereforeB) whereas C) because D) nonetheless8.A) help B) enable C) support D) direct9.A) evidentlyB) precisely C) aggressively D) effectively10.A) developed B) invented C) discovered D) located11.A) derives B) differs C) descends D) detaches12.A) inherently B) traditionally C) conditionally D) occasionally13.A) encourage B) dismiss C) disapprove D) engage14.A) enhance B) enlarge C) ignore D) degrade15.A) themes B) subjects C) researches D) things16.A) managers B) women C) employees D) males17.A) faithful B) powerful C) skillful D) thoughtful18.A) situation B) status C) circumstance D) position19.A) predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed20.A) into B) from C) as D) for答案解析1. Dconfront面对，遭遇；command命令，指挥；confine有限的，狭窄的；committed(对事业，本职工作尽忠的)2. Adespise轻视，厌恶，根据下文可知，这些研究是支持而不是反驳这种观点，只有support为支持的意思3. B根据下文，强调affiliation,attachment的自然就是cooperativeness合作了。4. Awillingness愿意，自发5. Bbear sth. in sth.(ones mind)心里怀有，铭记在心6. Dbe seen to.被视为.7. Cnonetheless=nevertheless虽然如此；whereas虽然，反之；这两词表转折，先排除。根据句意，是表因而不是果，故选because8. A只有help可以接不带to的不定式。9. Deffectively有效的10. C11. Bdiffer from 区别，不同12. Btraditionally 传统上的13. Aencourage 鼓励14. Aenhance提高，增强15. Dthings事情16. C根据88题后的employee可以轻易得到答案17. Bpowerful强大的和后面的important重要的相呼应。18. Awin-win situation双赢19. A根据后面句子里的情态动词may可知，研究主任的话是预测，不是宣布，故用predict20. Cemerge as作为，以.的形式，此处意为“作为可供选择的管理模式”第二单元词汇11.HesignaledinhisinauguralspeechonTuesdaythathisfirstfocuswilllikelybeforeignpolicy.1.星期二他在就职演说中提到,上任后的第一个焦点可能是外交政策。2.Hewasashrewdandwealthybusinessman,butmostpeopleinthetownhardlyknewanythingaboutthissideofhislife.2.他是个精明能干、有钱的商人,但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。3.Hisexpressionissomberashelistenstothereportoftheaccident.3.他听著关于事故的报告时,脸部表情严峻。4.TheoneIdislikethemostistheexhortationnottogrieveoveranevent,“foritcannotbehelped”.4.我最不喜欢听的,便是劝告别人不要为了一件“那是没法的”事情伤心。5.Theactioncausedthevalueofourstocktoplummet,anditisstilloutoffavorwithinvestors.5.这一行动造成本公司股票价格剧跌,使投资者无意问津。6.Hissuperiorityintheinterrogationroomwasnotbasedonintellectorphysique.6.他在审问室里的优势并不是以智谋和体力为基础建立的。7.Weknowthefuturewilloutlastallofus,butIbelievethatallofuswillliveoninthefuturewemake.7.我们知道我们的未来还有很长,但我相信我们将会在生活在我们创造的未来。8.Thereportsaysitisusuallytheconfluenceofseveralpositivefactors.8.研究报告表明通常都是几点积极因素综合影响。9.Hesubmittedaletterofresignationfreeofrecriminationorargument.9.他呈上一份辞职书,内中毫无责怪或争辩之词。10.Imusthaverunupquiteabillatyourcandystoretoday.10.我今天想必在你的糖果店欠了不少帐。翻译2中译英1.我们要大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会包括资本主义社会创造的一切文明成果,结合新的实践,进行新的创造,为我所用。(drawupon)1.Weshouldboldlyabsorbanddrawuponalltheachievementsofthehumansociety,includingthoseofthecapitalistcountries,buildonthemandmakeinnovations.2.有些已超出人能力的大事,在忍受罪恶和痛苦的侵袭时,人的心灵需要勇气和刚毅的力量来坚定自己。(beyongdonesability)2.Inonesmind,heorsheneedsthepoweroffortitudetostrengthenoneselfasoneisconfrontedwithsomethingbeyondhisabilityandsufferingfromsinsandpains.3.体育运动学校的目标和任务是向优秀运动队选拔、培养、输送体育后备人才。(infuse)3.Thesportsschoolstargetandtaskistoselect,bringup,andinfusesomereservesportsplayerstoexcellentsportsteams.4.我们每个人都不难在克莱德(Clyde)身上找到自己的影子,包括对成功名利、金钱甚至美女的渴望。(aspiration)4.ItisnotdifficultforustofindourselvesonClyde,includingaspirationofsuccess,fame,moneyandevenbeauty.5.在日常生活的纷扰中,人很容易想到消极的事情,忽略掉真正重要的东西。(tumult)5.Inthetumultofeverydaylife,itsveryeasytofocusonthenegativeandtolosesightofwhatreallymatters. 完型填空In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad1 the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2 fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaandIndiatowidespread3 inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeriasdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4 theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,5 someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,6 majorimportersincludingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworldspopulation7 risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9 scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,10 howunpleasant,todoit.Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,11 thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,12 someinthewestseeasanewthreat.CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13,achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,14costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19 ,assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.1.A.comeB.goneC.crossedD.arrived2.A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged3.A.intensityB.infinityC.insecurityD.instability4.A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed5.A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatening6.A.andB.whileC.thusD.though7.A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront8.A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event9.A.lookforB.lockupC.sendoutD.keepoff10.A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlyifD.inspiteof11.A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroyingD.eliminating12.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom13.A.interestsB.taxesC.incomesD.revenues14.A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas15.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As16.A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplied17.A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairly18.A.askingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding19.A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform20.A.forB.fromC.acrossD.over第四单元词汇11.The young man was so anxious that he could only splutter out what he had witnessed.1.这个年轻人很焦急以至于他只能匆匆熄灭他所目睹的事。2.Will factory worker be entirely superseded by machine one day?2.工人将来能完全由机器取代吗?3.Ive seen more than a few ewes safeguarding the lambs in case of danger,and never has one failed to transfix me utterly,or to dumbfound everyone else within sight of it.3.我见过更多少数母羊在危险情况下保护羔羊的时候,每一次都令我目瞪口呆,或者让其他人看见它。4.He tried to rejuvenate himself by performing physical exercises each day.4.他试图使自己每天进行体育锻炼。5.She told us that she had made her familys favorite and luscious cake over the weekend,and added that theyd eaten half of it at dinner that evening.5.她告诉我们这个周末她为她家做了个美味可口的蛋糕,并说那天晚上,一家人吃了一半蛋糕。6.The feather gorgeous birds nobly and gracefully hover in the all colors variegated jungle sky.6.羽毛艳丽的鸟儿在五彩斑斓的丛林上空高贵优雅地翱翔。7.As a kind of human activity,the nature of education is the sum total of social relations which revolve around educational activities.7.作为一种人类活动,教育的本质是围绕教育活动的社会关系的总和。8.Frank Lampard has reassured Englands fans that they will be fired up when they play in the knock-out stages of the World Cup.8.兰帕德向英格兰球迷保证闯进世界杯淘汰赛的时候球队一定活力十足。9.The beautiful glossy coat of the cat shone as it lay in sunlight.9.当小猫在太阳光下时,她那美丽的光滑的毛闪闪发光。10.Despite Saunieres reputation for being reclusive,his recognition for dedication to the art made him an easy man to revere.10.尽管索尼埃的声誉正在下降,他承认奉献给艺术使他容易崇敬。翻译2中译英1.我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产,因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后,我出生了。从此,我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。(revolvearound)1.Mybrother,Jimmy,didnotgetenoughoxygenduringadifficultdelivery,leavinghimwithbraindamage,andtwoyearslaterIwasborn.Sincethen,myliferevolvedaroundmybrothers.2.兰帕德向英格兰球迷保证闯进世界杯淘汰赛的时候球队一定活力十足,但这不会是件容易的事,因为他们的对手也都已经发飙了。(befiredup)2.FrankLampardhasreassuredEnglandsfansthattheywillbefiredupwhentheyplayintheknock-outstagesoftheWorldCup.Itwontbeeasy,becausetheiropponentsareallfiredupaswell.3.本来我们想让他知道,无论世上有多么难的事情,总是有人来关心他。现在反倒是提醒了我们才是需要被关心的人。(endup)3.Wehadwantedtolethimknowthatnomatterhowdifficultthingsgotintheworld,therewouldalwaysbepeoplewhocaredabouthim.Weendedupremindingourselvesinstead.4.我为这桃树感到特别自豪,因为它不仅熬过了几个严冬而依然活着,而且偶尔还结出味道甘美的桃子。(luscious)4.Iamespeciallyproudofthepeachtree,notonlybecauseithassurvivedseveralwinters,butbecauseitoccasionallyproduceslusciouspeaches.5.我们学院全体学生都把怀特教授当作偶像来崇拜,不仅是因为他举止优雅,学识渊博;而且是因为他对学生循循善诱,严格要求。(revere)5.ProfessWhitewasreveredandworshipedastheidolbyallthestudentsinthecollege,notonlybecauseofhiselegance,greatlearning,butalsobecauseofhisstrictrequirementsforandmethodicalandpatientguidancetostudents. 完型填空Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis(1)_tosayitanyway.Heisthat(2)_bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently(3)_anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot(4)_thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.(5)_he,however,mighttrembleatthe(6)_ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly(7)_thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin(8)_areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,(9)_12-15pointsabovethe(10)_valueof100,andhavecontributed(11)_totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe(12)_oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,(13)_.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,(14)_,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen(15)_tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof(16)_education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)(17)_ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately(18)_.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas(19)_themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis(20)_stateofaffairs.1.AselectedB preparedC obligedD pleased2.AuniqueB particularC specialD rare3.AofB withC inD against4.AsubsequentlyB presentlyC previouslyD lately5.A OnlyB SoC EvenD Hence6.AthoughtB sightC costD risk7.AadvisesB suggestsC protestsD objects8.AprogressB factC needD question9.AattainingB commonC meanD calculating10.AnormalB commonC meanD total11.AunconsciouslyB disproportionately C indefinitely D unaccountably12.AmissionsB fortunesC interestsD careers13.AaffirmB witnessC observeD approve14.AmoreoverB thereforeC howeverD meanwhile15.AgivenupB gotoverC carriedonD putdown16.AassessingB supervisingC administeringD valuing17.AdevelopmentB originC consequenceD instrument18.AlinkedB integratedC wovenD combined19.AlimitedB subjectedC convertedD directed20.AparadoxicalB incompatibleC inevitableD continuous 第五单元完形填空Have you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people _1_ a desire to predict their future _2_.Most people seem inclined to _3_ this task using causal reasoning. First we _4_ recognize that future circumstances are _5_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will _6_ how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy _7_ with a shark. Second, people also learn that such _8_ of cause and effect are probabilistic（可能的） in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are _9_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard _10_ good grades in most instances, but not every time. Science mak