高级口译学习笔记.doc

高级口译学习笔记:Interpreting Proverbs谚语口译(1)谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句，常为人们所引用。千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流，往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越疆界，广为流传于其它民族。许多谚语流传甚广，早已为我们所熟知。因此，谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型，一种是“形同意合”的口译，第二种是“形似意合”的口译，第三种是“形异意合”的口译。 一、“形同意合”的谚语A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成成眷属。A man should not bite the hand that feeds him.不要恩将仇报。Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。Business is business.公事公办。Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。Fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼。Friends must part.聚散离合总有时。/天下无不散之宴席。Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。Health is better than wealth.家有万贯财，不如一身健。Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危。Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。Money cant buy time.寸金难买寸光阴。More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。Out of sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见为净。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。The style is the man.文如其人。Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。/岁月无情。The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘后事之师。/前车之覆，后车之鉴。To teach is to learn.教学相长。The tongue cuts the throat.祸从口出。/言多必失。高级口译学习笔记:Interpreting Proverbs谚语口译(2)二、形似意合的谚语 1. A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归。3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，和豆得豆。4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影儿斜。6. A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出，驷马难追。7. Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡儆猴。8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲，暗箭难防。9. Diamond cut diamond.强中更有强中手。10. Do one thing under cover of another.明修栈道，暗度陈仓。11. Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑。12. Every potter praises his pot.王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。13. Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金装，人要衣装。14. Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短，吃了嘴软。15. Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深。16. Have a card up ones sleeve.胸有成竹。17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头，卖狗肉。18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀。19. In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做，二不休。20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame.宁可玉碎，不为瓦全。22. Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相，海不可斗量。23. Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。/一石二鸟。24. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草惊蛇。25. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及屋。26. Much will have more.得陇望蜀。/得寸进尺。27. Once bit, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。28. Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑。29. Put the cart before the horse.本未倒置。30. Speak of the devil( and he will appear).说曹操，曹操到。31. Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。32. The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。33. The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。34. The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主。35. There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草。36. There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。高级口译学习笔记:Interpreting Proverbs谚语口译(3)三、形异意合的谚语，这类谚语常常会被望“形”生“意”，造成误译。 1. A bad conscience is a snake in ones heart.做贼心虚。2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。3. A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。8. Count ones chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。11. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。12. Everybodys business is nobodys business.三个和尚无水吃。13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurses sake.醉翁之意不在酒。17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。18. Names are debts.树大招风。19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难与共。25. Take things as they come.既来之则安之。26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水难收。29. True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼。30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移，本性难改。高级口译学习笔记:同声传译高级口译笔记同声传译(Undertaking Simultaneous Interpretation) 同声传译，又称同步口译，是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种口译方式。同声传译的最大优点在于效率高，可以保证讲话才作连贯发言，不影响或中断讲话者的思路，有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。 一、在同声传译活动中对译员的要求1、同声传译要求译员有良好的听觉解意能力。同声传译是一种即听即译的活动，听入与译出之间只保持几秒钟的时间距离，译员在口头传译几秒钟前听到的信息的同时，还必须耳听及解译新的信息。因此这种听觉解意能力非同一般意义的耳听会意能力，它指的是一种译员在有自我干扰的环境下及时听解信息的能力。但是译员的听解并非完全是一种被动的行为，译中可以从大会的主题、发言者的立场、发言论题或论点的背景知识等示意因素，使自己的听译建筑在“上下文”的基础上，进而变被动听译为主动听译。2、同声传译要求译员具备在听解的同时有迅速组织句子进行连贯流畅表达的能力。也许有人会认为，汉语是我们的母语，因此英译汉的困难在于能否及时听懂英语内容，不在于如何有汉语来组句和表达。这完全是对口译工作的一种误解。组句表达，无论是以外语还是以母语进行，都是一门学问，一种才能，尤其是在需要顾及听的内容的情况下。二、同声传译的一些基本方法和技巧1、意译同声传译即听即译的特点，迫使译员不得不“一心二用”，使译员在翻译过程中难以做到“形”“意”两全。此外，译员在同步传译时迫于时间压力，也无法对目标语的表达形式斟词酌句一番。在“形”“意”难以两全的情况下，译员应采用意译的方法，以简洁的语言迅速将来源语所包含的概念和命题传达给听众。2、顺译顺译是指一种顺着来源语的词序，按部就班地选择目标语的对应词进行传译的方法。这里所讲的顺译仅限于顺结构、顺词序的传译，不包括词词对应的顺译。汉语和英语的基本句子结构均为“主动宾”结构，限定词（如数词和所有格代词）和形容词一般也都出现在名词前面，这为英汉顺译或汉英顺译提供了必要的条件。3、截句截句是指译员在同声传译过程中及时、适时截断来源语的长句，并按照目标语的表达习惯，将所听到的信息分解成短句，或重组成联句，然后传译过去。4、词语置前例：中国政府将一如既往地支持联合国主持正义、维护和平、促进全球繁荣的行动。The Chinese government will as always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.5、词语后置或暂存例：联合国维和部队应该驻扎在那一地区，一直到所有各方签署了和约为止。我们的这一立场已得到公认。Our position is widely received that the UN peace-keeping force will stay in that region until a peaceful agreement has been signed by all concerned parties.6、添词例：我很高兴地向各位通报，中美就知识产权问题签署了一项谅解备忘录，从而避免了一场可能出现的贸易战。I feel very pleased to report to you that China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of protecting intellectual property rights, an act that has averted a potential trade war.7、减词例：中国同其周边国家的关系比以往任何时期都好，这种十分珍贵的睦邻友好关系无论对中国人民还是这些国家的人们来说，都极为有益。Chinas relations with its neighboring countries are better than ever before, a situation that best represents the interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countries concerned.8、重复例：多年来，中国经济的持续增长发挥了越来越重要的作用，这种作用在于促进了亚太地区乃至全球经济的健康发展。Over the years, Chinas sustained economic growth has played an increasing more important role in boosting the healthy economic development in the Asian-Pacific region and the world as a whole.同声传译的才能不是一种可望而不可及的天赋才能。常言说得好，“工夫不负有心人”。只要我们细心钻研同传知识和技巧，积极参与同传强化训练，水到自然渠成。高级口译笔记商务谈判第一部分 基本词汇询价 make an inquiry报价 quotation报/发盘 offer底盘 floor offer实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer开/收盘 opening/closing price现/期货价 spot/forward price还盘 counter-offer回佣 return commission到岸价 C.I.F.（即Cost, Insurance and Freight)到岸加佣金价 C.I.F.C.（即Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission) 现货 spot goods库存有限 limited stock批发价 wholesale price零售价 retail price净利润 net profit定金 down payment分期付款 payment by installment现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit(L/C)股东 shareholder; stockholder我方 on our part双赢战略 win-win strategy/double-win strategy中止合同 terminate the contract提出索赔 lodge a claim要求赔偿损失 claim for a compensation of the loss/damage贸易索赔 business claim补偿贸易 compenstion trade第二部分 词语扩展商品交易会 Commodities Fair经营范围 line/scope of business独家经销代理 exclusive selling agency市场准入 market access机床 machine tools汽车零部件 auto parts电子商务 e-commerce; e-business第三部分 例句请给我一个有效期为90天的C.I.F.报价，目的港为洛杉矶，报价含5%的佣金。Id like to hear your quotation on a C.I.F.Los Angeles basis valid for 90 days, with an inclusion of 5% angents commission in your quotation.高级口译笔记信息时代第一部分 词汇 新兴产业 emerging industry朝阳产业 sunrise industry网络产业 Internet industry虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟商店 virtual store兼容性计算机平台 compatible computing platform微型浏览器 microbrowser宽带技术 broadband technology拨号上网调制解调器 dial-up modem交互式多媒体 interactive multimedia交互式电子书籍 interactive e-book界面 interface无线掌上导航器 wireless palm pilot蜂窝通信 cellular communications家用电器 household electrical appliances局域网 Intranet网站 website网民 netizen网吧 cybercafe网络世界 cyber world 网上贸易 cyberbusiness网上交易 networked transaction上市 be listed on the stock market市值 stock value税后利润 after-tax profit中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commision纳斯达克 NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated QuotationsADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路Delphi：读音delfai，特尔斐，古希腊城市名，被古希腊人当成世界的中心，因有阿波罗神殿而出名。在电脑英语中指美国宝兰(Borland)公司的一种可视化、面向对象、事件驱动的电脑编程语言。DLL：Dynamic Link Library, 动态链接库DNS: Domain Name System，域名系统FTP: File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议Ghost: General Hardware Oriented System Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移HTML: HyperText Markup Language，超文本标记语言HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议IP: Internet Protocol，网际协议ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network，综合服务数字网络ISP: Internet Service Provider，因特网服务提供商Java：由美国太阳(Sun)公司推出的新型面向对象程序设计语言。Java集面向对象、平台无关性、稳固性、安全性、多线程等诸多特性于一体，增加了异常处理、网络编程等方面的功能，特别适合于Internet应用的开发，是实现“一个世界，一个网络”构想的关键。用Java编写的各类软件能真正做到“Write Once,Run anywhere(一次写成，到处运行)”，也就是说，相同的软件可在不同计算机上运行，无论是PC机、苹果机、UNIX计算机、还是顶置盒、PDA(个人数据助理)乃至智能元器件无一例外。LAN: Local Area Network，局域网MIDI：Musical Instrument Digital Interface,乐器数字接口MPEG：是Motion Picture Experts Group的，运动图像专家组MSN: Microsoft Network，微软网络OCR：Optical Character Recognition, 光学字符识别OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer, 原始设备制造商RAM：Random Access Memory，随机存储器，即人们常说的“内存”。ROM：ReadOnly Memory，只读存储器。第二部分 例句据中国因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖365个城市，上网电脑达520万台，经常上网者达1,260万人以上，网址有32,000个。According to statistics from China Internet Network Information Center, the public network covers 365 cities, and the number of on-line computers reached 5.2 million, with 12.6 million regular Internet users and 23,000 web sites.今天的因特网具有强大的通信功能，它可以提供电子邮件、即时信息和聊天室等多种通信方式。Todays Internet is a powerful way to communicate, including e-mail, instant messaging and chatroom services.关注未来因特网的最佳方法是了解今日的因特网存在着什么问题。The best way of looking at the Internet of the future is to ask what is wrong with todays.今天，商务和通信二十四小时不停地进行着。在有线电视的新闻节目中所报道的事件不是在几点钟发生，而是在一个小时或30分钟前发生。当地时间已不再是一个有意义的时间标志。Today, commerce and communications never cease but go around the clock. On cable-TV news shows, events did not happen at which hour, but an hour or 30 minutes ago. Local time is no longer the meaning marker of events.高级口译笔记礼仪祝词 礼仪自古以来就被视为人际相交的润滑剂，恰如其分的礼仪可以增进了解、加深友谊。在外事活动中，讲究礼仪也是必不可少的。 第一部分 基本词汇开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony开幕词 opening speech/address致开幕词 make an opening speech友好访问 goodwill visit 阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency贵宾 distinguished guest尊敬的市长先生 Respected Mr.Mayor远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific东道国 host country宣布开幕 declareopen值此之际 on the occasion of 借此机会 take this opportunity to以名义 in the name of 本着精神 in the