中考英语名词、冠词、数词的专项复习.doc

一、教学内容：专题复习一 名词、冠词、数词1.命题热点2.知识清单3.经典再现二、知识总结与归纳（一）名词【命题热点】1.不可数名词2.可数名词复数规则形式的构成及不规则的拼写3.所有格的形式【知识清单】清单一：可数名词及其单复数单数 a, an的用法 a house, an apple a yellow bag an old man, a useful dictionary复数变化规则：1）+s cup girl hand2）以o结尾的+s zoo, radio, photo, piano, hero, tomato, potato3）以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的+es class, bus, box, watch, brush4）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加es：factory, baby, city, country5）特殊变化：man-men womanwomen Frenchman-Frenchmentooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese foot-feet child-children 单复数同形deerdeer fish-fish Japanese-Japanese ChineseChinese用法点津1）汉语拼音，单复数同形 yuan li2）某些只有复数形式的单词 clothes, pants, socks, shorts, glasses(对称的物体)清单二：不可数名词及其用法不可数名词没有单复数之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等来修饰。e. g.: some bread much meat 如果表示具体的量，需借助量词。如：a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread清单三：名词所有格的构成及其用法1. s所有格的用法（1）有生命的：Uncle Wangs factory the teachers office Womens Day（2）几个人共有的（在最后一个词上加s）：This is Lucy and Lilys room. (各自拥有的在各自的名词上加s) These are Lucys and Lilys rooms.（3）无生命的（时间、距离、国家、城市、团体）：todays newspaper Chinas populationten minutes walk Beijings parks用法点津：1）避免重复：Its not Janes fault, but Jacks (fault).Whose handwriting is better, Mikes or Alices?2）表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑：at my uncles (home) at the Greens (home)at the barbers (shop) at the tailors (shop)2. of所有格无生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the song the picture of the family与人的生活密切相关的：todays weather = the weather of todayChinas economy= the economy of Chinathe citys parks = the parks of the city3.双重所有格a toy of the boys several toys of the childs a daughter of the old ladysa mistake of mine an invention of his 清单四：名词作定语名词作定语应注意的几个方面一、名词作定语的基本原则名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。如：a stone bridge 石桥 (不能说 a stones bridge) a meeting room 会议室 (不能说 a meetings room) morning exercise 早操 (不能说 a mornings exercise) a story book 故事书 (不能说 a stories book) 二、用复数名词作定语的四种情形 1. 有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语： goods train 货车 clothes shop 服装店 2. 有些习惯上通常要用复数的名词也习惯上用复数。如： sports car跑车 salesgirl 女售货员 sports shoes, sports meeting, 3. 当man, woman用于名词前作定语，表示性别时，若被修饰的名词为复数，则man, woman也要用复数。如：men nurses 男护士 women doctors 女医生 四、关于合成名词作定语 许多合成名词可直接用于名词前作定语，起形容词的作用。如： a long-distance call长途电话 first-class tickets头等舱机票 one-way traffic单向交通的安排 present-day life现今的生活 a part-time job部分时间的工作 day-to-day teaching日常教学 one-parent families单亲家庭 a family-dinner party家庭宴会 an 8-year-old boy.(课文中多次出现，平时练习也多次出现，千万不要用a 8-years-old boy)一般用单数：There are some banana trees by the river.There is only one man doctor and several women nurses in this hospital. (man, woman变复数) （二）冠词【命题热点】1.不定冠词的用法2.定冠词的用法3.零冠词的用法【知识清单】清单一：不定冠词的用法1.表示一个：Im reading an interesting book.There is a tree in front of my house.2.代表一类： A horse is useful to mankind.A bird can fly.3.表示所属类别：My father is a doctor.My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up.4.用在事物的“单位”前，表示“每一”：We often go to school twice a day.Take this medicine three times a day and very soon youll feel better.5.某人某物，但不具体说明：A boy came to see you a moment ago.I got this tool in a shop.We need a car now.She is ill, she has to see a doctor.6.用于某些固定词组：a few, a little, a lot of, have a good time, have a rest7.习惯用法：a moment ago, twice a week, for a time, in a while, in a moment, just a minute/ moment, after a time/ while清单二：定冠词的用法1.特指：The bag in the desk is mine.Is this the book you are looking for?2.指上文已提到的人或物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I cant hear it clearly.3.世界上独一无二的事物：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world, the winter night4.与单数名词连用，表示一类人或物：The dog is not too dangerous.5.与形容词连用，表一类人：the poor, the wounded, the deaf, the rich, the sick6.用在序数词、最高级前：This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.He is the first to come and the last to leave.7.表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一个部分We have friends all over the world.My parents live in the peaceful countryside.8.用在乐器、文艺活动、运动场所的名称前：The little girl likes to play the violin.They are going to the cinema tonight.9.用在报刊、杂志名称所组成的名词之前。I am reading the China Daily now.Have you got the Evening Paper yet?10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。The Changjiang River is the biggest one In China.We live near the Yellow River.11.用在姓名复数前：表某某一家人/夫妇(作主语看作复数)The Greens are very kind to us.The Whites like the classic music.12.用于某些固定短语中by the way join the army listen to the radio tell the truth go to the cinema all the same just the same with the help ofon/ over/ through the radio清单三：零冠词的用法1.专用名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前I think water is a kind of food, too.Money is not everything.2.日常三餐Its time for breakfast.What do you have for lunch?3.季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏之前Summer is hot and winter is cold here.New Years Day is coming.Today is the first day of May.Do you like to play football or baseball?4.具体的学科、语言前Can you speak English?Its difficult to learn Physics well.5.称呼、职位前Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.I usually help Dad on the farm on Sunday.6.在this, that, these, my, Janes, some, any等限定词前This is my address.His camera is like mine.7.某些固定词组by air on foot at night after school at home go to class in fact from morning till night （三）数词【命题热点】1.基数词的构成及用法2.序数词的构成及用法3.分数的表达法4.年、月、日的表达法5.时间的表达法【知识清单】清单一：基数词的构成及用法构成：1. 1-12的表述：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2. 13-19的表述：以-teen结尾3. 20-90数字的表达：以-ty结尾4. 21-99之间数字的表达：十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如twenty-five5.一百以上的数字的表达：在百位，十位之间加and.如104： one hundred and four, 486读作four hundred and eighty-six6.“万”的表达：10 thousand, forty thousand (四万)7. 1000以上的数字： 3，333，333，333 three billion, three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three8. hundred, thousand, million前若有具体数字，要用单数形式，但若有of，要用复数形式，同时，前面不能再加具体数字,但可以是模糊的数字，如：several some等two thousand, thousands of, tens of thousands of 9表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirties He died still in his forties This took place in the 1930s清单二：序数词的构成及用法构成：1. first, second, third2. fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3. twentieth, ninetieth4.前加定冠词或代词The First Lesson is more difficult than the Second Lesson.This is our first lesson.Who won first? (表名词，可不用定冠词)He failed once. Then he tried a second time.5.序数词的缩写：1st， 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 34th6. 100以上的序数词的表达法：100th, 101st用法：1.给事物编号2.序数词前一般应加定冠词，用不定冠词时表示“又一，再一” A second/a third/a forth = another 3.表示日期中的“日”清单三：分数的表达法1.分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数。one third two thirds three fifths one half one fourth/ a quarterthree fourths/ three quarters2.整数与分数之间用and连接one/an hour and a half= one and a half hours3.谓语动词的单复数取决于短语中名词的单复数One third of the shop assistants in this department store are men.One third of the work is still unfinished .清单四：年、月、日的表达法1. 1900年：nineteen hundred2. 1908年：nineteen and eight3.2004年11月25日：November twenty-fifth, two thousand and four清单五：时间的表达法小等于半点（30分钟）的用past,大等30分钟的用to 8:21: twenty-one past eight / eight twenty-one8:56: four to nine / eight fifty-six8:30: eight-thirty / half past eight 【典型例题】1. There are enough _ in the fridge. We dont need to buy any.A. milks B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. apple2. I was very excited when I saw so many _ on the farm.A. chicken B. sheep C. duck3. How many _ are there in the international village?A. Chinese B. Russian C. American4. British people eat _ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways.A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken5.Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pairs of shoeC. two pair of shoe D. two pair of shoes6.What do you have for breakfast?I often have _ or _.A. breads, noodles B. bread, noodlesC. breads, noodle D. bread, noodle7.Ive got a little _ in my house.Why not keep two or more?A. juice B. mice C. bread D. fish8. My school isnt far from here. Its only _ walk.A. fifteen minutes B. fifteen minutes C. fifteen minutes9.How old is the baby?He is _.A. six-months-old B. six month-old C. six-months old D. six months old10.Do you know Taiwan, Jenny?Yes, of course. Taiwan is _ island. It belongs to China.A. a B. an C. the D. /11. What _ interesting story! I want to read it a second time.A. a B. an C. the D. /12.Whats _ date today?Its June 26th.A. / B. a C. the D. that13.I knocked over my tea cup. It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the, / B. the, a C. a, / D. a, a14. _woman in a red dress is a very popular teacher in our school.A. A B. The C. / 15. Eric has _ e-dog and his name is Hobo.A. a B. an C. the16.Look, whats in the tree?There is _ bird singing there.A. the B. an C. a D. /18.Do you have a cat?Yes, _ cat is black and white.A. The B. A C. An 19. There is _ park in the center of the city.A. a B. an C. the D. /20. Dont tell a lie, little boy! You should be _ honest child.A. a B. an C. the D. /21.Whats the date today?Its _.A. Saturday B. June C. June 1st22. Can you see any potatoes in _ picture?A. the second B. second C. two23. I hear we will have a _ holiday in _.A. two days, two days time B. two-day, two days timeC. two-day, two days time D. two days, two-day time24. The _ man on the left is Beckham, a famous football player.A. two B. second C. three25. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _ floor.A. lowest B. ten C. tenth26. Could you tell me what time it is now?Certainly, its _.A. ten and twenty B. twenty past tenC. ten twenty D. both B and C27. Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a _ try.A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth28. Liu Xiang, 21, is an Olympic winner in the _ hurdles (跨栏),were proud of him.A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre29. The old tower looks nice. Its about _.A. twelve-meter-high B. twelve-meters highC. twelve-meter high D. twelve meters high30.Do you know when the PLA was founded?_.A. On October 1, 1949 B. On August 1, 1927C. On July 1, 1921 D. In May, 1922 【模拟试题】（答题时间：15分钟）1. Henry plays , but his brother prefers to play football.A. piano B. the piano C. a piano D. pianos2. People, especially teens, think it great fun to surf on Internet.A. a; the B. a;不填 C.不填; the D. the; the3. There is “u” and “s” in the word “use”.A. an; an B. a; an C. a; a D. the; a4. Look, thats apple tree. Under tree, you can see cat.A. an; a; the B. a; the; a C. an; the; a D. the; a; an5. next morning, she went to school without breakfast.A. The; the; the B. The; /; / C. /; /; the D. The; /; the6. Everybody knows that earth moves around sun.A. /; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the;/7. more times I see him, better I know about him.A. The; / B. A; a C. The; the D. /; /8. Wangs are coming to see us this evening.A. A B. An C. The D. /9. Lesson Four is difficult lesson, but it isnt most difficult lesson in BookII.A. a; a B. a; the C. an; a D. the; the10. number of students is more than 1200.A. The; the B. A; the C. A; a D. The; /11. Last week Lilys father bought her MP4 as birthday present.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a12. Dont talk to Simon like that. He is only eleven-year-old boy.A. a B. an C. the D. /13. As volunteer, she said she could give the students in the village good start in their lives.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a14. There is report in todays newspaper. Its about 2008 Olympic Games.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; the D. a; /15. David comes from European country and he is honest boy.A. an; a B. a; an C. the; an D. a; the16. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.A. women; girls B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. woman; girl17. The two both bought some in the market.A. Germen; potatoes B. Germans; potatoesC. Germans; potatos D. Germen; potatos18. My mother bought much for my birthday party yesterday.A. apples B. bananas C. orange D. cakes19. They have an son.A. seven-year-old B. seven years old C. eight-year-old D. eight years old20. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about .A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walkC. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk21. I found my black cat in room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike22. Three months a long t