在frame-relay网络中的路由协议.doc

在frame-relay上的路由协议-ospfwangyang 发表于 2006-10-19 10:04:05试验说明：本试验还是沿用rip试验中的图，只是将协议改为ospf。本试验的目的是验证ospf的几种网络类型（非广播；广播；点对点；点对多点；点对多点非广播）在frame-relay网络上的运行。试验配置： 1：ospf在frame-relay上的默认网络类型为非广播，先来配置这个类型。r1(config)#router ospf 1r1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r3(config)#router ospf 1r3(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0r5(config)#router ospf 1r5(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r5(config-router)#network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0*r1#sh ip ospf neighborr3#sh ip ospf neighborr5#sh ip ospf neighborr1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0可以看到3者之间邻居关系都没有建立，R1的路由表当然也就学不到邻居的路由了。*这时需要手动建立邻居关系r1(config)#router ospf 1r1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.3r1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.5*r1#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface5.5.5.5 1 FULL/BDR 00:01:31 10.1.1.5 Serial03.3.3.3 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:52 10.1.1.3 Serial0r1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 10.1.1.3, 00:01:06, Serial0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/65 via 10.1.1.5, 00:01:06, Serial0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0这时我们看到路由器之间的邻居关系已经建立，R1也学习到了R3和R5的路由。因此网络类型为非广播的路由器之间不会自动建立邻居关系。需要手动配置（只需要在hub端配置就行了，而不用象eigrp那样两端都要配置 ）*2 配置网络类型为广播r1(config-router)#int s0r1(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastr3(config)#int s1r3(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastr5(config)#int s1r5(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastr1#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface5.5.5.5 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 10.1.1.5 Serial03.3.3.3 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:36 10.1.1.3 Serial0r3#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface10.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 10.1.1.1 Serial1r1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 10.1.1.3, 00:00:42, Serial0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/65 via 10.1.1.5, 00:00:42, Serial0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0可以看到邻居关系可以建立，路由表也可以学到。r3#sh ip rouGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/65 via 10.1.1.5, 00:01:45, Serial1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1我们注意到R3在学习5.5.5.5这条路由的下一跳为10.1.1.5 。（但事实上R3与R5之间并没有建立邻居关系，也没有2层映射。）ping应该不通。r3#ping 5.5.5.5Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:.Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)结果就是不通。*3 配置网络类型为点到多点r1(config)#int s0r1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointr3(config)#int s1r3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointr5(config)#int s1r5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointr1#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface5.5.5.5 1 FULL/ - 00:01:40 10.1.1.5 Serial03.3.3.3 1 FULL/ - 00:01:57 10.1.1.3 Serial0我们看到邻居关系已经建立，而且我们注意到在点到多点网络中没有DR,BDR.r1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 10.1.1.3, 00:09:13, Serial0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/65 via 10.1.1.5, 00:09:13, Serial0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masksO 10.1.1.3/32 110/64 via 10.1.1.3, 00:09:13, Serial0C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0O 10.1.1.5/32 110/64 via 10.1.1.5, 00:09:13, Serial0我们看到路由表中已经学习到了路由，而且又多了两条主机路由。r3#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/129 via 10.1.1.1, 00:10:36, Serial1 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masksC 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1O 10.1.1.1/32 110/64 via 10.1.1.1, 00:10:37, Serial1O 10.1.1.5/32 110/128 via 10.1.1.1, 00:10:37, Serial1注意到此时路由表中5.5.5.5这条路由的下一跳为10.1.1.1(回忆一下在非广播网络中下一跳为10.1.1.5)。这时再ping一下。r3#ping 5.5.5.5Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 120/124/136 msr3#ping 10.1.1.5Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.5, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 120/124/132 msping是成功的。为什么呢？在刚才的几种网络类型中直接ping都是不通的。让我们再来检查一下R5的路由表。r5#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/129 via 10.1.1.1, 00:14:41, Serial1 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masksO 10.1.1.3/32 110/128 via 10.1.1.1, 00:14:42, Serial1C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1O 10.1.1.1/32 110/64 via 10.1.1.1, 00:14:42, Serial1我们看到10.1.1.3这条路由的下一跳为10.1.1.1 因此不需要查找2层映射关系。直接通过路由发送出去。因此ping是成功的。因此点对多点这种网络类型具有这种优势。那就是在hub-spoke拓扑结构中，只需要建立hub与spoke之间的映射。而不需要建立spoke之间的映射。就可以实现全网通信。这大大减低了工作量。并使网络更加稳定。在frame-relay中的路由协议-EIGRPwangyang 发表于 2006-10-18 14:09:53试验说明：本试验还是沿用上一个试验的用图，frame-relay部分的配置也相同。只是改变路由部分。本试验中先删除rip，然后再启动eigrp。试验配置： r1(config)#router eigrp 1r1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255r3(config)#router eigrp 1r3(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255r3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0r5(config)#router eigrp 1r5(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255r5(config-router)#network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0*试验检验：r1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 3.3.3.3 90/2297856 via 10.1.1.3, 00:03:33, Serial0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 5.5.5.5 90/2297856 via 10.1.1.5, 00:03:24, Serial0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0r3#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1r5#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1我们看到R1虽然都收到了来自R3和R5的路由，但它并没有转发。这是因为水平分割在R1上起了作用。所以需要关闭水平分割。r1(config)#int s0r1(config-if)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 1然后R1还要和R3和R5建立邻居关系r1(config)#router eigrp 1r1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.3 s0r1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.5 s0r3(config)#router eigrp 1r3(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 s1r5(config)#router eigrp 1r5(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 s1*然后再进行查看r3#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 5.5.5.5 90/2809856 via 10.1.1.1, 00:18:22, Serial1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1r5#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 3.3.3.3 90/2809856 via 10.1.1.1, 00:18:47, Serial1 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1这时我们看到r3和r5都相互学习到了路由。在frame-relay网络中的路由协议-ripwangyang 发表于 2006-10-18 10:41:55试验说明：1 在本试验中首先要搭建一个frame-relay网络，由于没有frame-relay交换机。所以要用两台2500来模拟。 2 在网络完成后跑rip协议，查看结果。*试验配置：首先进行frame-relay网络的配置。r1#sh runinterface Serial0ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0encapsulation frame-relay /将接口封装为frame-relayframe-relay map ip 10.1.1.3 103 broadcast /建立到远端的frame-relay映射，远端IP为10.1.1.3,本地DLCI为103frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.5 105 broadcastno frame-relay inverse-arp /关闭反向arp解析!end*r2#sh run!frame-relay switching /启动frame-relay交换模式interface Tunnel0 /封装一个隧道接口 隧道号为0no ip addressno ip directed-broadcasttunnel source Ethernet0 /指定该隧道的源tunnel destination 1.1.24.4/指定该隧道的目的，即隧道的对端!interface Ethernet0ip address 1.1.24.2 255.255.255.0no ip directed-broadcast!interface Serial0no ip addressno ip directed-broadcastencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000frame-relay intf-type dce/指定frame-relay的dce端frame-relay route 103 interface Serial1 301 /建立一条frame-relay路由，本地DLCI为103，远端出口为S1 远端DLCI为301frame-relay route 105 interface Tunnel0 200 /建立一条frame-relay路由，本地DLCI为105，远端出口为Tunnel 0 ，DLCI为200!interface Serial1no ip addressno ip directed-broadcastencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000frame-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 301 interface Serial0 103frame-relay route 305 interface Tunnel0 201!end*r3#sh runinterface Serial1ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0encapsulation frame-relayframe-relay map ip 10.1.1.1 301 broadcastframe-relay map ip 10.1.1.5 305 broadcastno frame-relay inverse-arp!end*r4#sh run!frame-relay switchinginterface Tunnel0no ip addressno ip directed-broadcasttunnel source Ethernet0tunnel destination 1.1.24.2!interface Ethernet0ip address 1.1.24.4 255.255.255.0no ip directed-broadcast!interface Serial1no ip addressno ip directed-broadcastencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 501 interface Tunnel0 200frame-relay route 503 interface Tunnel0 201!end*r5#sh run!interface Serial1ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.0encapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.1 501 broadcastframe-relay map ip 10.1.1.3 503 broadcast!end*试验察看： r1#sh frame-relay map /查看frame-relay映射关系Serial0 (up): ip 10.1.1.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial0 (up): ip 10.1.1.5 dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activer3#sh frame-relay mapSerial1 (up): ip 10.1.1.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1 (up): ip 10.1.1.5 dlci 305(0x131,0x4C10), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activer5#sh frame-relay mapSerial1 (up): ip 10.1.1.1 dlci 501(0x1F5,0x7C50), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1 (up): ip 10.1.1.3 dlci 503(0x1F7,0x7C70), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active*r2#sh frame-relay route /查看frame-relay路由表Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial0 103 Serial1 301 activeSerial0 105 Tunnel0 200 activeSerial1 301 Serial0 103 activeSerial1 305 Tunnel0 201 activeTunnel0 200 Serial0 105 activeTunnel0 201 Serial1 305 activer4#sh frame-relay routeInput Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial1 501 Tunnel0 200 activeSerial1 503 Tunnel0 201 activeTunnel0 200 Serial1 501 activeTunnel0 201 Serial1 503 active至此，frame-relay网络已经搭建完成。并且经检验已正常运行。*下面我们要在frame-relay网络上启动rip协议为了观察试验效果，需要先删除R3到R5之间的PVC，并在R3和R5上分别启用L0接口。r2(config)#int s1r2(config-if)#no frame-relay route 305r4(config)#int s1r4(config-if)#no frame-relay route 503r3(config)#int lo0r3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255r5(config)#int lo0r5(config-if)#ip add 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255*然后启动RIPr1(config)#router ripr1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0r3(config)#router ripr3(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0r3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3r5(config)#router ripr5(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0r5(config-router)#network 5.5.5.5*r1#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not setR 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 10.1.1.3, 00:00:12, Serial0R 5.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 10.1.1.5, 00:00:06, Serial0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0r3#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0R 5.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1r5#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not setR 3.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:25, Serial1 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1可以看到3者的路由表都可以相互学习到路由。然后进一步做ping试验。r3#ping 5.5.5.5Type esca