中山大学2015年下半年《大学英语四》第三次作业.doc

问题 1 得 2 分，满分 2 分Global Warming Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isnt we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn- sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. A1 Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, and without major technological breakthroughs we cant do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is predicted to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050.But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we leave the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050. No government will adopt strict restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show theyre “doing something” Consider the Kyoto Protocol. It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt. But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless. 1What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?答案 所选答案：DVery little will be done to bring it under control. 问题 2 得 2 分，满分 2 分2According to the authors understanding, what is Al Gores view on global warming? 答案 所选答案：CIt is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. 问题 3 得 2 分，满分 2 分3Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _. 答案 所选答案：Aeconomic growth 问题 4 得 2 分，满分 2 分4The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _. 答案 所选答案：Bfew nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use 问题 5 得 2 分，满分 2 分5What is the message the author intends to convey? 答案 所选答案：BThe ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology. 问题 6 得 2 分，满分 2 分Dieting to lose weight has become very popular in recent years. People have become more health conscious and try to take better care of their bodies by eating more nutritiously（有营养） and exercising more regularly to lose any unnecessary fat that they may have. Not only are people being more careful about what they eat, they are also concerned with how they eat and how their meals are prepared. People are taking more time for each meal. Many avoid the so-called plastic fast-food hamburgers and choose to eat a salad or a sandwich of more healthful ingredients（成分） in a quiet restaurant with a more leisurely atmosphere. At home, they also try to take enough time to eat a relaxed dinner without phone or TV interruptions. While dieting may be viewed as beneficial, it has also become a serious problem for Americans, particularly for young women. Dieting for them has actually become a psychological addiction（依赖）. They eat so little that they can lose as much as fifty percent of their total body weight, and although they look like skeletons, they still insist that they are fat. The current wave of exercising, dieting and the problems produced have caused many organizations to begin educating the public. Many schools, hospitals, health organizations, newspapers and magazines, for example, are offering classes, printing booklet articles, etc. to inform the public of the way to exercise and diet, of the dangers of dieting too rapidly, and of the places people can go for medical help if they find themselves on the road to diet addiction. 1、These days people are dieting more because they have become more health conscious. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 7 得 2 分，满分 2 分2、They are taking less time for each meal now. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 8 得 2 分，满分 2 分3、 They look like skeletons in the third paragraph most probably means they are too thin. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 9 得 2 分，满分 2 分4、The main idea of the last paragraph is about what kind of media can be used to educate the public. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 10 得 2 分，满分 2 分5、According to this passage the atmosphere of eating has something to do with health. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 11 得 2 分，满分 2 分By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others-they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nations consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us-an artifact of the past. Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science. Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity (明星) , who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? Thats hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death-such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana. (258 words) 1. The passage mainly deals with . 答案 所选答案：C. heroes and icons 问题 12 得 2 分，满分 2 分2. Heroes and heroines are usually . 答案 所选答案：D. all of the above问题 13 得 2 分，满分 2 分3. Which of the following statements is wrong? 答案 所选答案：D. Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times. 问题 14 得 2 分，满分 2 分4. Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love . 答案 所选答案：C. just before her death 问题 15 得 2 分，满分 2 分5. What is more likely to set an icons status? 答案 所选答案：B. Tragic and early death. 问题 16 得 2 分，满分 2 分What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear. We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists (心理学家) think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent. Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as That was a very clever thing you did. or You are such a smart child. 1、The word intelligent in the 1st paragraph probably mean bright. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 17 得 2 分，满分 2 分2、According to the context we can guess that a genius is a normal person while an idiot is a funny person. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 18 得 2 分，满分 2 分3、A person born with a good brain and putting it into active use is more likely to become a genius. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 19 得 2 分，满分 2 分4、It is better for parents to praise and encourage their children more often. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 20 得 2 分，满分 2 分5、Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 21 得 2 分，满分 2 分What must you do when you receive a present for your birthday? You have to sit down and write a thank-you note. The words Thank you are very important. We have to use them on so many occasions. We say them when someone gives us a drink, helps us to pick up things, hands us a letter, lends us a book or gives us a gift. Another important word is please. Many people forget to use it. It is rude to ask someone to do something without saying please. We have to use it when we ask for something, too. It may be a book or a pencil, more rice or more sauce, help or advice. It may be in the classroom, at home, at the bus-stop or over the counter. We have to use please to make our request pleasant. We have to learn to say sorry too. When we have hurt someones feeling, we will have to go up and say we are sorry. When we have told a lie and feel sorry, we will have to use the same word. When we have forgotten something or broken a promise, we will have to explain with that word, too. Sorry is a healing word. We can make people forget wrongs by using it sincerely. These three words are simple but important. They are pleasing words to use in any language. 1. When we receive a birthday present, we have to _. 答案 所选答案：D. write a thank-you note 问题 22 得 2 分，满分 2 分2. When someone helps us to do something, we should _. 答案 所选答案：A. thank him 问题 23 得 2 分，满分 2 分3. We may be considered rude if we ask others to do something but we dont say _. 答案 所选答案：D. please 问题 24 得 2 分，满分 2 分4. We have to use the word please when we _. 答案 所选答案：B. ask for some advice 问题 25 得 2 分，满分 2 分5. The three important words thanks, please and sorry in any language are all _. 答案 所选答案：D. all of the above 问题 26 得 2 分，满分 2 分The word horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the worlds first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power. Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do. He discovered that a horse could lift a 3300-pound weight 10 feet into the air on one minute. His engine could lift a 33-pound weight 100 feet in one minute. Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten horsepower engine. 1、The passage says that Watt made the first widely used steam engine. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 27 得 2 分，满分 2 分2、Watt wanted to find a way to lift a 3300-pound weight. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 28 得 2 分，满分 2 分3、He made up a unit of measurement based on the strength of a horse. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 29 得 2 分，满分 2 分4、One horsepower would equal the weight of one horse. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 30 得 2 分，满分 2 分5、The possible title for this passage is The Origin of the Term Horsepower. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 31 得 2 分，满分 2 分If you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers. These great forests are the oceans of trees. There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals. However, the worlds forests are getting smaller all the time. We are cutting down the trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland. Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years. What will happen if they disappear? If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world. In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts. Crops will not grow there. It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot. Perhaps the climate of the world will change. This will be dangerous for everyone in the world. That is why we must take care of our forests. 1、The passage mainly tells us about the importance of taking care of plants. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 32 得 2 分，满分 2 分2、Forests are homes for different kinds of animals. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 33 得 2 分，满分 2 分3、The need for more wood and more land help to protect our forests. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 34 得 2 分，满分 2 分4、Well have more and greater forests in 20 or 30 years in some peoples view. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 35 得 2 分，满分 2 分5、The writer thinks it necessary to protect the forests. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 36 得 2 分，满分 2 分All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer. Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer. Games and sports often grow out of peoples work and everyday activities. The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. Some sports or games go back to thousands of years ago, like running or jumping. Chinese boxing, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a persons character. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace. 1、According to this passage we know that people began to play games about one hundred years ago. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 37 得 2 分，满分 2 分2、The writer didnt tell us in this passage that basketball was invented in America. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 38 得 2 分，满分 2 分3、People all over the world enjoy sports because sports are interesting. 答案 所选答案： 错问题 39 得 2 分，满分 2 分4、From this passage we can see that according to the author sports and games are significant to our life in many respects. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 40 得 2 分，满分 2 分5、The writers attitude towards sports is positive. 答案 所选答案： 对问题 41 得 2 分，满分 2 分We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In both Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and began to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese “surprise” can be described in a phrase like they stretched out their tongues! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on peoples faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. 1According to the passage, _. 答案 所选答案：Cpeople may interpret gestures and words in various ways. 问题 42 得 2 分，满分 2 分2By using the example of dogs, tigers and humans, the author inte