数据库管理员日常工作中必备的sql列表.doc

1.监控索引是否使用 alter index &index_name monitoring usage; alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage; select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name; 2.求数据文件的I/O分布 select ,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df where fs.file#=df.file# order by ; 3.求某个隐藏参数的值 col ksppinm format a54 col ksppstvl format a54 select ksppinm, ksppstvl from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like _% escape and pi.ksppinm like %meer%; 4.求系统中较大的latch select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time) from v$latch_children group by name having sum(gets) 50 order by 2; 5.求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长) select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) start_time, a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) end_time,round(a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time sysdate - 1 order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn 0; 10.求表的索引信息 select ui.table_name,ui.index_name from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name and ui.table_name like &table_name% and uic.column_name=&column_name; 11.显示表的外键信息 col search_condition format a54 select table_name,constraint_name from user_constraints where constraint_type =R and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name=&1); select rpad(child.table_name,25, ) child_tablename, rpad(cp.column_name,17, ) referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25, ) parent_tablename, rpad(pc.column_name,15, ) referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25, ) constraint_name from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent, user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc where child.constraint_type = R and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name =&table_name order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position; 12.显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions) col table_name format a16 col partition_name format a16 col high_value format a81 select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where table_name=&table_name 13.使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划 explain plan set statement_id = &sql_id for &sql; select * from table(dbms_xplan.display); 14.求某个事务的重做信息(bytes) select ,m.value from v$mystat m,v$statname s where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and like %redo size%; 15.求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象 select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd) from v$bh b,dba_objects o where b.objd = o.object_id group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name having count(b.objd) (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = db_block_buffers); 16.求谁阻塞了某个session(10g) select sid, username, event, blocking_session, seconds_in_wait, wait_time from v$session where state in (WAITING) and wait_class != Idle; 17.求session的OS进程ID col program format a54 select p.spid OS Thread, Name-User, gram from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr UNION ALL select p.spid OS Thread, s.username Name-User, gram from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null; 18.查会话的阻塞 col user_name format a32 select /*+ rule */ lpad( ,decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0)|l.Oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial# from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ; col username format a15 col lock_level format a8 col owner format a18 col object_name format a32 select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,tm,table lock, tx,row lock, null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ; 19.求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息 select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait from v$session s,v$session_event se where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status=ACTIVE and se.event not like %SQL*Net% order by s.username; select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait from v$session s,v$session_wait sw where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like %SQL*Net% order by s.username; 20.求会话等待的file_id/block_id col event format a24 col p1text format a12 col p2text format a12 col p3text format a12 select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3 from v$session_wait where event not like %SQL% and event not like %rdbms% and event not like %mon% order by event; select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3 from v$session_wait where event not like %SQL% and event not like %rdbms% and event not like %mon% ) x where x.p1= l.latch#); 21.求会话等待的对象 col owner format a18 col segment_name format a32 col segment_type format a32 select owner,segment_name,segment_type from dba_extents where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1; 22.求buffer cache中的块信息 select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd) from v$bh b, dba_objects o where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = &1 group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ; 23.求日志文件的空间使用 select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq; 24.求等待中的对象 select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type, o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = file# and parameter2 = block# and name not like control%) and o.owner sys and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 = o.block_id and w.p2 300; 29.求DISK SORT严重的SQL select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1 where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks 200; 30.求对象的创建代码 column column_name format a36 column sql_text format a99 select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(TABLE,&1) from dual; select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(INDEX,&1) from dual; 31.求表的索引 set linesize 131 select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name=&1; 32.求索引中行数较多的 select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows 10000 and blevel 0 select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where status VALID 33.求当前会话的SID，SERIAL# select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT(USERENV,SESSIONID); 34.求表空间的未用空间 col mbytes format 9999.9999 select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; 35.求表中定义的触发器 select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name=&1; select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name=&1; 36.求未定义索引的表 select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns); 37.执行常用的过程 exec print_sql(select count(*) from tab); exec show_space2(table_name); 38.求free memory select * from v$sgastat where name=free memory; select ,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by ; 38.查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行就看能否kill它,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息: set linesize 121 SELECT ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ,l.sid Oracle PID,p.spid SYSTEM PID ,s.username ORACLE USERNAME FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = TX AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY ; 39.查看用户的回滚段的信息 select s.username, from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn 40.生成执行计划 explain plan set statement_id=a1 for &1; 41.查看执行计划 select lpad( ,2*(level-1)|operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table start with id=0 and statement_id=a1 connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id=a1 42.查看内存中存的使用 select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,Data,2,Sort,4,Header,to_char(class),Rollback) Class, sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1) Not Dirty,sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0) Dirty, sum(dirty_queue) On Dirty,count(*) Total from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,Data,2,Sort,4,Header,to_char(class),Rollback); 43.查看表空间状态 select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces; select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables; 44.查看系统请求情况 SELECT DECODE (name, summed dirty write queue length, value)/ DECODE (name, write requests, value) Write Request Length FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( summed dirty queue length, write requests) and value0; 45.计算data buffer命中率 select a.value + b.value logical_reads, c.value phys_reads, round(100 * (a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value) BUFFER HIT RATIO from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c where a.statistiC# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42; SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)*100 H_RATIO FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics; 46.查看内存使用情况 select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_used, max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)- (sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_avail,(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)*100 avail_pool_pct from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool=shared pool and not in (free memory) and =shared_pool_size; 47.查看用户使用内存情况 select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem) from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username; 48.查看对象的缓存情况 select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT from v$db_object_cache where type not in (NOT LOADED,NON-EXISTENT,VIEW,TABLE,SEQUENCE) and executions0 and loads1 and kept=NO order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc; select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type; 49.查看库缓存命中率 select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache 50.查看某些用户的hash select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value) same_hash, (count(unique(b.hash_value)/count(b.hash_value)*100 u_hash_ratio from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username; 51.查看字典命中率 select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets) ratio from v$rowcache; 52.查看undo段的使用情况 USERNAME FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = TX AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY ; SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+); 53无效的对象 select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status=INVALID; select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status=INVALID; 54求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪 select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1; exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true); exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false); -求出锁定的对象 select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id; 55.求当前session的跟踪文件 SELECT p1.value | / | p2.value | _ora_ | p.spid | .ora filename FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2 WHERE = user_dump_dest AND = instance_name AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV(SESSIONID) AND p.background is null AND instr(gram,CJQ) = 0; 56.求对象所在的文件及块号 select segment_name,header_file,header_block from dba_segments where segment_name like &1; 57.求对象发生事务时回退段及块号 select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id=&1 58.9i的在线重定义表 /*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/ exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table(cybercafe,announcement); create table anno2 as select * from announcement exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table(cybercafe,announcement,anno2); exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table(cybercafe,announcement,anno2); exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table(cybercafe,announcement,anno2); drop table anno2 exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table(cybercafe,announcement,anno2); 59.常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe) exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =esal,dictionary_location =/home/oracle/logmnr); exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf, ptions=sys.dbms_logmnr.new); exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf, ptions=sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile); exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf, ptions=sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile); exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf, ptions=sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile); exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora); create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents; 60.与权限相关的字典 ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者 ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者 ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被