文件-1-英美文学(第一章-第四章)练习.doc

Wo y第一部分：Exercises of the First Part of the British LiteratureSection One: Multiple-choice questions1. “Upon a great adventure he was bond, / That greatest Gloriana to him gave.” These two lines are taken fromA Miltons Samson Agonistes B Spensers The Faerie Queene C BeowulfD Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 2. O prince, O chief of many throned powers, That led th embattled Seraphim to war Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds Fearless, endangered Heavens perpetual King. In the first line of the above passage quoted from Miltons Paradise Lost, the phrase O prince, O chief of many throned powers” refers to_. A Satan B God C Adam D Eve3. Shakespeare claims through the mouth of Hamlet that the end of the dramatic creation is to give_ of the social realities of the time. A faithful reflectionB instructive representationC imaginative narrationD allegorical description 4. Humanists of the Renaissance turned to the spirit of _ culture for inspiration.A Anglo-SaxonB Italian and French C Greeek and RomanD medieval5. Paradise Lost is composed in blank verse, which permits the _ Milton needed for his subject.A epic grandeurB narrative sweepC descriptive subtletyD intellectual grasp6. Donnes famous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass affords a prime example of_A dramatic styleB exaggerationC paradoxD conceit7. _ is a study of the lust for wealth, which centers on Barabas, the Jew, a terrible old money lender.A The Jew of MaltaB The Merchant of VeniceC Tamburlaine the GreatD The Tempest8. In his conception of tragedy, Marlowe perceived that tragic action must issue from, and be reflected in, _.A the Renaissance heroB endless aspiration for knowledgeC the individualD human dignity and capacity9. In The Faerie Queene, the Red Cross Knight, who stands for true religion of _ , sets out on the orders of Queen of Faerie, who represents _.A the Anglican Church, Queen Elizabeth B the Roman Catholic Church, Pope C Christianity, ChristD humanism, divine truth10. What figure of speech is used in the lines: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, / And summers lease too short a date?A SimileB MetonymyC PersonificationD Hyperbole11. The underlined part in My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, / The penalty and forfeit of my bond. (from TF, chant of Venice) means _.A What is done cant be undoneB Let me responsible for what I doC I would give anything for fulfilling my bond D I deserve what I demand12. The line When we have shuffled off this mortal coil be, or not to be soliloquy means_.A when we have got rid of this coil that is doomed to dieB when we have unloaded this heavy burden like a coilC when we have taken off this coat made of coilsD when we are relived from the trouble of mortal life wound around us like coils13. What does the word humour mean in the following quotation from Of Studies: to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of “a scholar”?A funniness B WitCcharacterD A sudden whim14. The Spenserian stanza is a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by a six-stress line, with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. A trochaicB iambicCanapesticD dactylic15. In Satans speech: if he, whom mutual league, / United : thoughts and .counsels, equal hope / And hazard in the glorious enterprise, /.joined with me once . . . What does the glorious enterprise refer to?A The former scheme to overthrow God.B stealing the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil C Finding means of evil out of good.D corrupting Adam and Eve.16. What is the tone in the following lines: Saucy pedantic .go wretch, go chide / Late school-boys, and sour prentices?A Ironic B SarcasticCHumorousD Understated 17. In the best metaphysical poetry, feeling and _ fuse in an image that is always ingenious and appropriate, though it may be disconcerted at first in the shock of bringing incongruities together.A imageryB conceitC thoughtD colloquialism18. The sonnet Death Be Not Proud is written in the strict_ pattern. It reveals the poets belief that _.A Shakespearean, death is only a sleep, after which we live eternallyB Petrarchan, death is but momentary while hal v death is eternalC Elizabethan, death is not as strong as people think he isD Portuguese, death is like a long sleep that offer, for the soul19. In the line And every fair from fair sometime decline Shakespeares Sonnet 18), what does the first and second “fair” mean?A Light complexion; beauty. B Loveliness; beautiful women.C The beautiful person or thing; beauty. D Sound reason; justice.20. In the court scene of The Merchant of Venice, when says to Shylock: We all expect a gentle answer, Jew. punning on the word gentle. He means a merciful but also means _.A an amiable and tender answer B a noble answerC a Gentiles as opposed to a Jews answer D a generous answer21. In his To be, or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet gives the why he wants to commit suicide. Apart from his personal revenge, that he_ is another reason.A is unable to restore his earlier idealized image of his motherB thinks the next world is far better than this one C is mentally tormented by his fathers wordsD cannot bear the social injustice and grievances22. By advancing the theory of, Bacon shows the empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.A inductive reasoningB deductive reasoning C educationD scientific experimentation 23. The central figure of Tamburlaine, the Great represents for infinite _.A knowledge and happiness B power and authorityC ambition and conquestD success and adventure24. The shepherds Calender set the _ fashion in English literature, and inaugurated the great 16th century.A rustic B ornate C rusticD pastoral25. In King Leur, Shakespeare has shown to us the two-fold exerted by the feudalisi corruption and _ gradually corroded the ordered society.A Anarchy and rebellion B supernatural forces C super natural forcesD tyrannyB power and authority success and adventure fashion in English lyrical poetry of the lastSection Two (Reading comprehension)1. So pure and innocent, as that same lambe, She was in life and every vertuous lore,And by descent from royall lynage cameOf ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yoreTheir scepters stretcht from east to westerne shore, And all the world in their subjection held;Till that infernall feend with foule uprore Forwasted all their land, and them expeld;Whom to avenge, she had this knight from far compeld. Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem. Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene. B. What does this knight refer to? The Red Cross Knight.C. What idea does the quotation express? It is a description of Virgin Una, who stands for the divine truth and accompanies the Red Cross Knight on his adventures. She is as pure and innocent in life and all moral knowledge as the Lamb of God (Jesus Christ ). She descended of a royal line, which in old days governed the land from east to west and made the whole world subject to the rule (which suggests she derives her lineage from the Church Universal, not from the Papacy), until the dragon ( which represents the powers of Spain and Rome) with wicked tumult devastated all their land and drove them out. So she has summoned the Knight from a remote place to avenge her imprisoned parents.2. Within this circle is Jehovahs name Forward and backward anagrammatized, The breviated names of holy saints, Figures of every adjunct to the heavens And characters of signs and erring stars, By which the spirits are enforced to rise. Questions:A. Identify the author and the work. Christopher Marlowe : The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus.B. Who does Jehovah refer to?GodC. What idea does the quotation express?This is a description of Dr. Faustus practicing black magic in order to seek knowledge and power over the kingdom of this world. He has drawn a magic circle on the ground, within which the spirits are compelled to rise by using the name of God with the letters mixed up, the abbreviated names of holy saints, figures of every heavenly body and signs of the zodiac and wandering stars. Faustus conjuring techniques illustrate his denial and rejection of religion, which is a sin of pride and presumption and thus allows the devil to take possession of his soul. On the other hand, by portraying Faustus trying through the exercise of forbidden knowledge to transcend the bounds of his nature, Marlowe celebrates the Renaissance heros endless aspiration for knowledge, power and happiness.3. Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought; And enterprises of great pith and moment, With this regard, their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.William Shakespeare: Hamlet.B. Who is the speaker of the quoted passage? HamletC. What idea does the quotation express?These lines mean: thus meditation does turn all of us into cowards; and thus over the natural color of resolution (which is believed of red color) , is thrown the pale and sickly color of melancholy thought; and actions of great importance, on this account, deviate from their original purpose and no longer can put into action. Here Hamlet is not only talking about actual suicide-hes also talking about lifelong suicide by doing nothing, choosing the easy passive approach to life.4. Some men there are love not a gaping pig, Some that are mad if they behold a cat, And others, when bagpipe sings i th nose, Cannot contain their urine for affection, Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes or loathes. Questions:A. the author and the work.William Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice.B. Who is the speaker of the quoted passage? ShylockC. What idea does the quotation express?Shylock says that just as there is no rational explanation of why one man hates a pig, why another cannot tolerate a harmless cat, and why a third cannot contain his urine when listening to a bagpipe, he cannot and will not give a reason for his action other than the deep-seated hatred and loathing that he bears Antonio. Here, Shylock makes himself ridiculous by comparing the unreasoning hatred he feels for Antonio with the irrational and inexplicable impulses found in all men. The examples he gives of human nature mastered by strange and powerful passions are such as to excite disgust and contempt in his hearers.5. “If her eyes have not blinded thine, Look, and tomorrow late, tell me, Whether both the Indias of spice and mineBe where thou leftst them, or lie here with me. Ask for those kings whom thou sawst yesterday, And thou shalt hear, all here in one bed lay. Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem.John Donne, The Sun Rising.B. What does the word thou in the last line of the quotation refer to?The Sun.C. What idea does the quotation express?The speaker says that his lovers eyes are more blinding than the suns mighty rays. If the sun would look closely he would see that even the wealth of all the earth lies in their bed. And should he not be convinced by what his eyes tell him, could look again to India and the West Indies to see if the spices and gold even exist there any more or whether they indeed lie here with me. The king-image is a happy one. The lovers are as happy as the queen and the king on one throne. The poet brings spice, gold and kings into one bed in order to show that their love is as fragrant spice, as pure as gold and as happy as kings.Section TwoQuestions and answers1. Make a brief analysis of the quality of mercy speech by Portia,.Merchant of Venice, and try to explain why it is regarded most famous speech in the play.In the court scene Shylock has emphasized the justice and legality to his claim to Antonios flesh. Now, Portia insists that mercy is a higher good than justice, for it enables the giver and receiver. She puts forward a familiar Elizabethan argument on justice versus mercy, i. e. if God himself insisted on justice, no one would be forgiven for their sins and thus be able to enter the Kingdom of Heaven. But as God shows mercy to mankind, man can therefore be redeemed. What is most admirable in a king is not his power but the humanity with which he exercises this power. This speech of Portia is undoubtedly the most famous in the play and justly so, for in lyrical verse that is beautiful in itself it clearly states the moral and implies the doctrinal themes of the play: that courtesy teaches the heart to be gentle, that the gentle heart secures salvation, that the stern justice of the Old Law (the Old Testament) must give way to the mercy of the new (the New Testament).2. Make a brief comment on the theme of Paradise Lost.Paradise Lost is regarded as Miltons masterpiece and the greatest epic poem in the English language. The theme of the poem is the tragedy of the Fall of Man (from which Christ redeems him) against the backdrop of Satans rebellion against God and expulsion from heaven. The poets announced aim was to assert eternal Providence (that is, God) and justify the ways of God to men. Despite its biblical story content and its declared purpose, the epic at places reflects Miltons revolutionary spirit, chiefly through his sympathetic treatment of the revolt of Satan and his followers against God in the first two books. Here we see the dual role as a Puritan and as a republican, for in accordance with his religious convictions the poet was naturally on the side of God, but with his revolutionary sentiments he could not refrain from uttering fiery words of hatred and rebellion against the restored monarch at the time, even in the outcries of Satan and his adherents against God. Yet we must not believe that Milton as a Puritan could actually share Satans accusations of God for holding the tyranny of heaven, nor should we obliterate the thoroughly religious temper of the epic as a whole, in which the characters of Satan and his followers are condemned.3. Make a brief summary of the historical and cultural background to English Renaissance.ARenaissance refers to the period of transition from the medieval to the modern world. It was sparked off by a combination of historical factors.B. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.The new humanistic learning that resulted from the rediscovery of classical literature is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side.C. The great 16th-century religious revolution in Europe resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches.D. The continuing development of trade, the growth of the middle class, the education for lay people, the centralization of power and of much intellectual life in the court, and the widening horizons of exploration gave a new impetus and direction to literature.4. Make a brief analysis of Death, Be Not Proud.This poem is an almost startling put-down of poor death Staunchly Christian in its pure expectation of the resurrection. Donnes poem personifies death as an adversary swollen with false pride and unworthy of being called mighty and dreadful. Donne gives various reasons in accusing death of being little m than a slave bossed about by fate, chance, kings and desperate men-a craven thing that keeps bad company, such as poison war and sickness. Death is not something we should fear, for is part of a natural cycle. It is the preface to our final sleep, which offers “freedom” (and final delivery) for the soul. Finally, Donne taunts death with a paradox: death, thou shalt die. The sonnet is written in the strict Petrarchan pattern. It reveals the poets belief reveals the poets belief in life after death: death is but momentary while happiness after death is eternal.5. What is Francis Bacons contribution to English literature?Bacons contribution to English literature lies chiefly in the Essays, the first collection of essays as such in the English language and considered an important landmark in the development of English prose. Bacon wrote these for the young men of his class and tradition, who were intent upon the completest self-realization in public life. The subjects cover a wide range: philosophy, religion, politics and conduct of life. Downs practicality is shown in most of his essays. He employs what may be called the dialectical method by balancing opposing arguments before drawing his conclusions. Different from the elaborate language of euphuism, his essays are known for their language of euphuism, his essays are known for their consciousness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness. Epigrams frequently employed, yet they are always ordered judiciously appropriately. In addition, the essays are enriched by Biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.Section Four (Topic discussion)1. Comment on Hamlets inaction.(a)Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revengers. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning, and so co