游遍英国：带你看遍伦敦美景双语版.docx

游遍英国：带你看遍伦敦美景英航“伦敦眼”(British Airways London Eye)是为迎接千禧年而建造的，高达135米，构成了伦敦天际一道亮丽的风景线，现在已名列伦敦各旅游点榜首，是伦敦城内最著名的标志性景观。这个千禧摩天轮有60个封闭座舱，每舱可容纳20人。游客在“伦敦眼”中半个小时就可到达城市中心上空俯瞰城内的壮丽景色，可以欣赏超过55处美不胜收的画面，每到一处还有附有解说。夜间的伦敦眼更有一种梦气幻质，巨大的蓝色光环把泰晤士河映衬得更加美丽。The London Eye, or Millennium Wheel, was officially called the British Airways London Eye and then the Merlin Entertainments London Eye. Since 20 January 2011, its official name is the EDF Energy London Eye following a three-year sponsorship deal.The London Eye was formally opened by the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, on 31 December 1999, although it was not opened to the public until 9 March 2000. Since its opening, the Eye has become a major landmark and tourist attraction.地标 拥有“伦敦眼”部分权益的英国航空公司说：伦敦地方当局批准让它成为永久地标。这项决定还需要等待伦敦市长利文斯通和英国政府的批准。自2000年3月开放之后，已经有超过850万人次乘坐“伦敦眼”升上半空，鸟瞰伦敦。“伦敦眼”也是英国最受欢迎的付费观光点。英航说，这个1500吨重的建筑可以维持至少50年。坐在伦敦眼上可以鸟瞰伦敦的全貌。构想“伦敦之眼”的构想可追溯至1993年泰晤士报所举办的一场竞赛，该报要求参加者提出庆祝千禧年最具野心的计划，两名建筑师异想天开的率先提议建造全球最大的摩天轮。它被誉为数学上的奇迹；工程师透露，建造这座摩天轮所需的电脑计算能力，超过世界上最大、最复杂的建筑。这类建筑物理论上会受到一些潜在的破坏性力量影响，例如摩天轮可能满载八百名游客却突然遭遇强风，这些变数都要列入计算并加以补强防范。再加上摩天轮会周而复始的旋转，使得计算上的困难度真是前所未闻。伦敦塔（Tower of London）是伦敦的地标性建筑之一，她的官方名称是“女王陛下的宫殿与城堡，伦敦塔(Her Majestys Palace and Fortress,The Tower of London)”。坐落在泰晤士河北岸，看上去是一座非常坚固的堡垒。伦敦塔从过去到现在可以算是一座“多功能”建筑，它几个世纪以来，既是王室的行宫、兵器库、战略要塞、也是监狱和藏宝楼。The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public records office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.In the late 15th century the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.The peak period of the castles use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase sent to the Tower. Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious大本钟（Big Ben）是英国议会大厦（House of Parliament）附属的钟楼昵称。议会大厦又可称为威斯敏斯特宫（Palace of Westminster）。大本钟是伦敦的标志性建筑之一，于1859年建成，已经有超过150年的历史，每15分钟都会响一次。在2012年女王登基60年钻禧（Diamond Jubilee）的时候，它改名为“伊丽莎白塔”（the Elizabeth Tower），而大本钟的官方名字是“the Great Bell”。在改名之前，它叫做“钟塔”（The Clock Tower）。Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is now officially called the Elizabeth Tower, after being renamed in 2012 (from Clock Tower) to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.The tower holds the largest four-faced chiming clock in the world and is the third-tallest free-standing clock tower. The tower was completed in 1858 and had its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009, during which celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of both London 钟表修缮 在2009年5月31日，大本钟度过了它150岁的生日，据负责大本钟的英国钟表师说，大本钟每三天就失去动力了，所以他们每周必须爬上去三次，为它上弦。同时他们可以通过调整钟摆上方放置的小钱币，调整大本钟走时的快慢。比如增加1便士硬币，就相当于一天把表调快了0.4秒。看来，时间就是金钱，在大本钟上倒是体现的不错。特拉法尔加鸽子广场（Trafalgar Square） 特拉法尔加广场是英国伦敦西敏市著名的广场，也是旅游景点，是19世纪初为纪念著名的特拉法尔加海战而修建的。特拉法尔加广场最突出的标志是南端的纳尔逊纪念柱。Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London, United Kingdom, built around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. It is in the borough of the City of Westminster.At its centre is Nelsons Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. There are a number of statues and sculptures in the square, with one plinth displaying changing pieces of contemporary art. The square is also used for political demonstrations and community gatherings, such as the celebration of New Years Eve.白金汉宫（Buckingham Palace）位于伦敦詹姆士公园（St. James Park）的西边，1703年为白金汉公爵所建而得名，最早称白金汉屋，意思是“他人的家”。1837年起成为英国皇室成员的官方居住地，现在还是皇室们的行政总部和女王招待客人举办活动的主要场所。Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and principal workplace of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focus for the British people at times of national rejoicing and crisis.The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, as part of the Palaces Summer Opening.白金汉宫也是与故宫，白宫，凡尔赛宫，克里姆林宫齐名的世界五大名宫。这是19世纪前期的豪华式建筑风格，庞大的规模甚至比华丽的外表更加引人注目。一度曾做过帝国纪念堂、美术陈列馆、办公厅和藏金库。大英博物馆 英国国家博物馆（British Museum），又名不列颠博物馆，位于英国伦敦新牛津大街北面的大罗素广场，成立于1753年，1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放，是世界上历史最悠久、规模最宏伟的综合性博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的博物馆之一。The New Britain Museum of American Art is an art museum in New Britain, Connecticut. Founded in 1903, it is the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.The museums origins are in the New Britain Institute, chartered in 1853 with the goal of fostering education and art in the city, especially among its immigrant population. In 1903, the museum received a bequest of $25,000 to acquire original modern oil paintings either by native or foreign artists.英国国家博物馆和纽约的大都会艺术博物馆、巴黎的卢浮宫同列为世界三大博物馆。大英博物馆的大名不仅在英国，在全世界都非常响亮。博物馆的主题是关于人类的历史和文化，收藏品达到数百万件，是世界最大的综合性博物馆之一，大英博物馆主建筑坐落在伦敦非常具有文化气息的Bloomsbury地区。杜莎夫人蜡像馆（Madame Tussauds）是位于英国伦敦的一间蜡像馆，其在阿姆斯特丹、纽约、香港、上海和拉斯维加斯都有分馆，在中国的上海分馆也于2006年开幕。蜡像馆是由蜡制雕塑家杜莎夫人建立的。杜莎夫人蜡像馆是全世界水平最高的蜡像馆之一，有众多世界名人的蜡像，其中恐怖屋最为出名。整个馆由3层楼及地下室组成，分4个展览层。Madame Tussauds is a wax museum in London with branches in a number of major cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud and was formerly known as Madame Tussauds; the apostrophe is no longer used. Madame Tussauds is a major tourist attraction in London, displaying waxworks of historical and royal figures, film stars, sports stars and infamous murderers.杜莎夫人在1777年为伏尔泰创作了她的第一尊蜡像，那一段时间他也为其它著名人士制作蜡像，包括卢梭、本杰明富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）等。在法国大革命期间，她在众多受害者的尸体堆中寻找被斩首的头颅，为它们制作面模。科特斯在1794年去世，并将他的蜡制品收藏全部转给杜莎夫人。1802年，杜莎夫人到了伦敦，后来英法战争的缘故使她无法回到法国，于是杜莎夫人带着她的蜡制品游遍大不列颠和爱尔兰。1835年，她在伦敦贝克街（Baker Street）建立了第一个永久性展览。格林尼治天文台是英国国王查理二世于1675年在伦敦格林尼治建造的一个综合性天文台，在8月10日安放了奠基石，同时国王也创建了皇家天文学家的职位（第一位担任此职的是约翰弗兰斯蒂德），以担任天文台的台长和“致力于以最忱治的关心和努力校正天体运动的星表，和恒星的位置，以便能正确的定出经度，使导航成为完美的艺术”。天文台坐落于格林尼志公园俯瞰著伦敦泰晤士河的一座小山上。The Royal Observatory, Greenwich (formerly the Royal Greenwich Observatory or RGO), in London played a major role in the history of astronomy and navigation, and is best known as the location of the prime meridian. It is situated on a hill in Greenwich Park, overlooking the River Thames.温莎城堡(Windsor Castle），位于英国英格兰东南部区域伯克郡温莎-梅登黑德皇家自治市镇温莎，是世界上有人居住的城堡中最大的一个。与伦敦的白金汉宫、爱丁堡的荷里路德宫一样，温莎城堡也是英国君主主要的行政官邸。温莎城堡是现在世界上最大最久的还仍有人居住的城堡，英国皇家在那里住了已经足足有了900年。每年复活节的时候女皇都会到那里住一个月，并召开很多的聚会请来很多政界和社会名流。同时，每年的六月，女皇也会去那里住一周出席一个会。作为王室的重要活动场所之一，温莎城堡还是国王为皇族、贵族等颁发爵位和封号的重要场所之一。Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. The castle is notable for its long association with the British royal family and for its architecture. The original castle was built in the