河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练（5）.doc

河北定兴县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（5） 史地自然型阅读理解(一) the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place.now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years，polynesian people lived in the remote island of nauru，far from western civilization.the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798.he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship.he called the island pleasant island.however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first.the whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.a tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.in fact，it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.when a company stripmined，it removed the top layer of soil.then it took away the material it wanted.strip mining totally destroyed the land.gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968，nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.by 2000，nauru was financially ruined.experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.this will probably never happen.1what might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ato seek help for naurus problems.bto give a warning to other countries.cto show the importance of money.dto tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2what was nauru like before the europeans came?arich and powerful.bmodern and open.cpeaceful and attractive.dgreedy and aggressive.3the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from_asoil pollutionbphosphate overminingcfarming activitydwhale hunting4which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem?aits leaders misused the money.bit spent too much repairing the island.cits phosphate mining cost much money.dit lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph?athe ecological damage is difficult to repair.bthe leaders will take the experts words seriously.cthe island was abandoned by the nauruans.dthe phosphate mines were destroyed.(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。1b 写作意图题。由文章第一段的“now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选b项。2. c细节理解题。从第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选c项。3b 细节理解题。由最后一段的“soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。故选b项。4a 细节理解题。由最后一段的“unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”看出，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选a项。5a 推理判断题。文章最后告诉我们：experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选a项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。if you were walking around a supermarket and saw a woman with a shaved head, a ring through her nose, a tattoo（纹身）design on her arm and she has a small child in her shoppingtrolley, what would your opinion be? do you think this kind of body decoration is attractive or ugly? different people have different ideas. the following are some examples of body decoration from around the world.in many parts ofafrica, it is thought that an attractive girl should have really shinny skin.on bali, a little island inindonesia, they believe that a beautiful woman or handsome man must have perfectly straight, flat teeth. the balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal. so when a girl or boy becomes a teenager, he or she is taken to a special person in their village who will file off teeth points to make them smooth and flat. there is no anesthetic（麻药）and this tooth filing is really painful. it is a kind of test. if you can stand it without screaming or crying too much, then you are thought ready to become an adult.inmyanmar, there is a small group of people who are called the “papaung”. they believe that a woman can only be really beautiful if she has a long neck. i mean a very long neck. now you might think that you are either born with a long or short neck and that theres nothing whatever you can do about it. but you would be wrong! at around the age of 5, a papaung girl has heavy metal rings fitted around her neck, tightly between the chin and shoulders. each year more rings are added and very, very slowly their weight pushes the shoulders down, in this way making the neck look longer. a papaung woman will wear her neck rings all her life, never once taking them off.so now im sure you will all agree that different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.26. what is mainly talked about in paragraph one?a. womens design. b. beautiful body decoration.c. body decoration.d. attractive decoration.【答案】c【解析】大意归纳题。第一段讲的是如果你在超市里见到一个剃光头，穿鼻环，胳膊上有纹身并且在购物车里推着一个小孩的女人，你会有什么看法。你认为这样的装饰是有魅力的还是丑陋的。由此可见答案选c。27. what does the underlined word “trolley” mean?a. schoolbagb. luggagec. basket d. shopping cart【答案】d【解析】词义猜测题。由在超市里和“she has a small child”可以推断出，孩子是在购物车里。28. onbali, it is believed that _.a. a person with straight, flat teeth looks uglyb. a person with sharp teeth looks uglyc. a teenagers teeth points must be filed off with anestheticd. no one will scream or cry when having his teeth points filed off【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“the balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal.”可知在巴厘岛牙齿尖的人被认为是丑陋的。29. which of the following is not true?a. many people think that a woman with a ring through nose is neither attractive nor ugly. b. most african people think that a girl with shinny skin is beautiful.c. it is thought that a beautiful woman should have straight, flat teeth onbali.d. some people think it beautiful that a woman has a long neck inmyanmar.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。本文并没有讲到人们对于穿鼻环的女人有什么看法，只是举这个例子来说不同的人有不同的观点。所以a得说法不正确。30. what is the best title of the passage?a. different ideas about beautiful.b. body decoration. c. who is a beautiful woman?d. what is beautiful?【答案】d【解析】标题归纳题。通过本文介绍巴厘岛和缅甸人对于美丽的不用看法以及最后的“different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.”可以总结出文章的标题是“什么是美丽？”阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 a few months ago as i wandered through my parents house, the same house i grew up in, i had a sudden, scary realization. when my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than i am now. i tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house id still be living in almost 30 years later. it seemed ridiculous. on a practical level, theres no way i could afford to buy a house anytime soon. more importantly, i wouldnt want to. im not sure where ill be living in two years, or what kind of job ill have. and i dont think ill be ready to settle down and stay in one place. so this is probably the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents. when our parents were our age, theyd gotten their education, chosen a career, and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives. my friends and i “generation y” still arent sure what we want to do with our lives. whatever we end up doing, we want to make sure were happy doing it. wed rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place. wed rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account. this casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”, “impatient”, and “overprotected”. some of these complaints have a point. as children we were encouraged to succeed in school, but also to have fun. we grew up in a world full of technological innovation: cell phones, the internet, instant messaging, and video games. our parents looked to rise vertically(垂直的)-starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top, on the same track, often for the same company. that doesnt apply to my generation. because of that, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood. but thats not necessarily a bad thing. in our desire to find satisfaction, we will work harder, strive for ways to keep life interesting, and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents generation did. by ariel lewiton31. when the author walked through her parents house, she _. a. was frightened that she had no idea what she wanted from life b. realized she should buy a house. c. started to think about her own life d. wondered why her parents had settled down early【答案】c【解析】推理题。根据第一段2,3,4行when my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than i am now. i tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house id still be living in almost 30 years later说明我在思考自己的人生之路，故c正确。32. what is the main “generation gap” between the author and her friends and their parents according to the article? a. their attitude toward high technology. b. their attitude towards responsibility. c. their ways of making their way to the top. d. their ways of gaining experience.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段第一行this casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”说明态度是我们这一代和父母那一代最大的差别，故b正确。33. which of the following might the author agree with? a. its ridiculous to call her generation “arrogant”. b. its better to take adult responsibility earlier. c. it involves too much effort to rise vertically. d. its all right to try more before settling down.【答案】d【解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段内容because of that, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood.说明要花更多的时间才能让我们意识到责任的重要性。根据文章第四段wed rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place说明我们要尝试很多不同的事物，以后在定居下来，故a的做法可能适合我们这一代。故d正确。34. what can we conclude from the article? a. the author wrote this article so that others would be able to understand her generation better. b. growing up in a hi-tech world makes “generation y” feel insecure about relationships. c. “generation y” people dont want to grow up and love to be taken care of by their parents. d. the author is envious of her parents enjoying a big house at her age.【答案】a【解析】主旨大意题。作者写本文就是为了向读者介绍他们这一代人的思想，让别人更好的理解他们，接受他们，故a正确。35. what is the main theme of the article? a. the sudden realization of growing up. b. criticisms of the young generation. c. a comparison between lifestyles of generations. d. the factors that have changed the young generation.【答案】c【解析】主旨大意题。本文是利用我和我的父母这两代人之间在价值观和生活态度上的差异的比较来向读者介绍我们这一代人的思想和其它情况。故c正确。文化教育型阅读理解(二) recently, a student used his personal digital assistant (pda) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. the public discussion that the incident caused started on the internet. however, when it came to the medias attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. the reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. they mentioned their right to privacy(隐私)and for this reason they requested the ministry of education (moe) to prohibit pdas in schools. on the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. they feel that the teacher is also at fault. caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. it was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.for those responsible for educating the young, this pda incident conveys the message that “times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. different times call for different professional approaches in education. the ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. besides, th