职称英语考试用书 理工类.doc

职称英语考试用书 理工类分析The Rising Oil Price Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the dame time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economics are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economics now use nearly 50%less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that。if oil prices averaged$2 2 a barrel for a full year，compared with$13 in l998。this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%0.5%of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in l974 0r 1980.On the other hand，oilimporting emerging economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive，and SO could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，unlike the rises in the 1970s，it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year a90.In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%，and in l979 by almost 30%. 41 The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is _. Aglobal inflation Breduction in supply Cfast growth in economy DIraqs suspension of exports 42It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if _. Aprice of crude rises Bcommodity prices rise Cconsumption rises Doil taxes rise 43The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries _. Aheavy industry becomes more energy-intensive Bincome loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices Cmanufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed Doil price changes have no significant impact on GDP 44We can draw a conclusion from the text that _. Aoilprice shocks are less shocking now Binflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks Cenergy conservation can keep down the oil prices Dthe price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry 45From the text we can see that the writer seems _. Aoptimistic Bsensitive Cgloomy Dscared 参考答案： 41B细节题。由一段第二句可知：世界原油价格的上涨是因为OPEC决定减少供应。 42D推断题。第三段第三句说：在欧洲，油税占了汽油零售价的五分之四。因此可推知，如果油税上涨，汽油的零售价也会随之上涨。 43D细节题。第四段第一句说：经济发达国家对石油的依赖性比过去低，对油价的浮动也不怎么敏感。接着说：最近一期的经济了望杂志估计：和l998年的每桶13美元相比，如果油价持续一年在22美元左右的话，石油进口支出也只占了发达国家国内生产总值(GDP)的0.25%0.5%。由此可知，油价的上涨对发达国家的GDP影响甚微。D项正确。 44A推断题。第三段至第五段的内容表明，这次油价的上涨对全球经济影响不大，不会像1973年、l979年、l980年那样，引起全球恐慌。所以，A为正确答案。 45A作者观点态度题。综观全文，结合上两题的分析，可以看出作者对这次油价上涨的影响力抱乐观的态度。 Heartbeat of America 1. New Yorkthe Statue of Liberty（自由女神）, the skyscrapers, the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue（第五大街） and the many theaters on Broadway（百老汇）. This is Americas cultural capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population（人口居民） of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot, hot, hot and in the winter it can be very cold. Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round. 2. Manhattan（曼哈顿） is the real center of the city. When people say “New York City,” they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums（博物馆） are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New Yorks busy night life. In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland（荷兰）. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today. 3. Wall Street（华尔街） in Manhattan is the financial（金融的） heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of “skyscrapers.” These are those incredible（难以置信的）, high buildings, which Americans invented, and built faster and higher than anyone else. Perhaps the two most spectacular（壮观） skyscrapers in New York are the two towers of the New York World Trade Center. When the sun sets, their 110 floors shine like pure gold. 4. Like every big city, New York has its own traffic（交通） system. Traffic jams can be terrible. Its usually quickest to go by subway(地铁). The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late a night because in some places you could get robbed（抢劫）. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fares value. 5. Central Park is a beautiful green oasis（绿洲） in the middle of New Yorks concrete（水泥） desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park, and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go ice-skating, and in the summer roller-skating. They play ball, ride horses and have picnics（野餐）. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a childrens zoo, with wild birds and animals. 6. Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue, once called “Millionaires Row.（百万富翁之街）” In the 19th century, the richest men in America built their magnificent homes here. It is still the most fashionable street in the city, with famous department stores. 7. Broadway is the street where you will find New Yorks best-known theaters. But away from the bright lights and elegant clothes of Broadway are many smaller theaters. Their plays an called “off-Broad-way”and are often more unusual than the Broadway shows. As well as many theaters, New York has a famous opera house. This is the Metropolitan, where international stars sing from September until April. Carnegie Hall is the citys more popular concert hall. But night life in New York offers more than classical music and theater. There are hundreds of nightclubs where people go to eat and dance. 练习： 1. Paragraph 3 _A_ 2. Paragraph 4 _C_ 3. Paragraph 5 _F_ 4. Paragraph 6 _D_ A. The Financial Center of USA B. The Night Life in New York C. The Traffic Facilities of New York D. Shopping Center for the Rich E. New YorkAn International City F. Central ParkA Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers 5. The island of Manhattan was bought by the Hollanders from the native Americans _F_. 6. Central Park is a good place where the New Yorkers can go and _A_. 7. Fifth Avenue is the place _E_. 8. For those play-lovers who are interested in what is unusual, the small theaters might be more attractive _C_. A. do whatever they like for relaxation. B. where you can play all kinds of ball games C. than the world famous Broadway D. enjoy the colorful night life of the city E. where the wealthy people would go shopping F. for what seems to