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搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计【优秀机械传动装置设计+5张CAD图纸】

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关键词：: 搓丝机执行机构传动装置机械设计机械传动搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计机械传动装置设计

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搓丝机的设计

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搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计【优秀机械传动装置设计+5张CAD图纸】

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搓丝机的设计正文.doc

齿轮及减速器.dwg

附件2：

毕业论文（设计）任务书

论文（设计）题目

搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计

论文（设计）选题目的、工作任务：

近年来，机械制造正朝着高精、高效、模块、组合、通用、经济方向发展。毕业设计更是当代大学生毕业前的一门必修课。它讲综合考察学生对前序课程的掌握及综合创新能力。通过对一个机械系统的总体设计使学生在实践中对机械系统的各个组成部分，所学过的理论知识，设计过程的基本步骤和基本原理都有了较深层次的认识。与此同时，可以充分发挥学生的创新能力。

本课题是对搓丝机执行机构及传动装置进行合理有效的设计。通过训练，不但使学生牢固掌握了基本知识，掌握了基本技能，熟悉了机械设计的全过程，还能体会到机械设计制造在国民经济中的基础性地位。

目前资料收集情况（含指定参考资料）：

我通过书籍的查阅基本基本了解了搓丝机的发展历程、明确了本次毕业设计的目的。在此期间我查阅了《机械原理》第七版，孙桓、陈作模、葛文杰主编，西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室编，高等教育出版社、《机械原理课程设计指导书》，郭红利主编，西北农林科技大学、《机械设计手册》（三版），吴宗泽主编，化学工业出版社、《材料力学》（第四版），刘鸿文主编，高等教育出版社、《理论力学》（第七版），哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室、《AutoCAD2007》机械设计绘图应用教程陈敏刘晓旭主编重庆大学出版社。

搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计

【摘要】由于现代工业的飞速发展，高速，大负荷，动载条件下工作的精密机器的不断出现，对螺纹联接的机械性能提出越来越高的要求。即要求螺纹联接件应具有高强度、高硬度、高精度、以及高的表面质量。

螺纹联接件数量大，质量要求高，常用的切削加工方法因为效率低，而且由于切断金属的纤维，降低了零件的质量，不能满足这种需要，所以必需寻求一种更加先进有效的螺纹加工方法。

在一般情况下，用平丝板搓丝机搓制的螺纹已能满足使用制造要求，所以用平丝板搓丝的方法用的最广。

【关键词】搓丝机执行机构传动装置螺纹

Rub the design implementation mechanism and a transmission wire machine

【Abstract】As the rapid development of modern industry, high speed, high load, the dynamic precision machine load work under the conditions of the emerging, put forward higher requirements on the mechanical properties of screw thread.Requested that the threaded joints with high strength, high hardness, high precision, and high surface quality.

Threaded connection piece of large quantity, high quality requirements, cutting method commonly used because of low efficiency, but also because of cutting metal fiber, reducing the quality of the parts, can not meet this need, so it is necessary to seek a more advanced thread effective processing method.

In general, with flat screw die flat die thread rolling machine rolling system has been able to meet the manufacture requirements, so the method with flat screw die thread rolling of the most widely used.

【Key words】Thread rolling machine Actuator Transmission Thread

前言

本设计为机械设计基础课程设计的内容，是先后学习过机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、工程材料、加工工艺学等课程之后的一次综合应用。本设计说明书是对搓丝机传动装置设计的说明，搓丝机是专业生产螺丝的机器，使用广泛，本次设计是使用已知的使用和安装参数自行设计机构形式以及具体尺寸、选择材料、校核强度，并最终确定形成图纸的过程。通过设计，我们回顾了之前关于机械设计的课程，并加深了对很多概念的理解，并对设计的一些基本思路和方法有了初步的了解和掌握。

前言1

目录1

轴辊搓丝机传动装置的设计2

一课程设计题目2

1轴辊搓丝机传动装置设计2

2数据表2

二拟定传动方案及方案比较4

三传动装置设计5

1 机构初步设计5

2 设计参数5

四带传动主要参数及几何尺寸计算6

五齿轮传动设计计算7

1低速级7

2高速级11

六轴的设计与校核11

1初估轴径11

2轴强度校核12

1 高速轴12

2 中间轴12

3 低速轴14

七轴承的选择与校核15

1 高速轴轴承

2 中间轴轴承

3 低速轴轴承

八键的选择与校核17

九减速器箱体各部分结构尺寸18

1 箱体18

2 润滑及密封形式选择19

3 箱体附件设计19

十总结与建议21

十一参考文献22

轴辊搓丝机传动装置的设计

一课程设计题目

（1）设计背景

搓丝机用于加工轴辊螺纹，基本结构如上图所示，上搓丝板安装在机头4上，下搓丝板安装在滑块3上。加工时，下挫丝板随着滑块作往复运动。在起始（前端）位置时，送料装置将工件送入上、下搓丝板之间，滑块向后运动时，工件在上、下搓丝板之间滚动，搓制出与搓丝板一致的螺纹。搓丝板共两对，可同时搓制出工件两端的螺纹。滑块往复运动一次，加工一个工件。

360桌面截图20150116120655_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116120712_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116120739_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116120747_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116120757_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116120827_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116121046_结果.gif

360桌面截图20150116121555_结果.gif

内容简介：: 附件2：毕业论文（设计）任务书论文（设计）题目搓丝机执行机构及传动装置设计系（室）专业年级题目来源教师科研课题纵向课题（）题目类型理论研究（）注：请直接在所属项目括号内打“”横向课题（）教师自拟课题（）应用研究（）学生自拟课题（）技术开发（）论文（设计）选题目的、工作任务：近年来，机械制造正朝着高精、高效、模块、组合、通用、经济方向发展。毕业设计更是当代大学生毕业前的一门必修课。它讲综合考察学生对前序课程的掌握及综合创新能力。通过对一个机械系统的总体设计使学生在实践中对机械系统的各个组成部分，所学过的理论知识，设计过程的基本步骤和基本原理都有了较深层次的认识。与此同时，可以充分发挥学生的创新能力。本课题是对搓丝机执行机构及传动装置进行合理有效的设计。通过训练，不但使学生牢固掌握了基本知识，掌握了基本技能，熟悉了机械设计的全过程，还能体会到机械设计制造在国民经济中的基础性地位。目前资料收集情况（含指定参考资料）：我通过书籍的查阅基本基本了解了搓丝机的发展历程、明确了本次毕业设计的目的。在此期间我查阅了机械原理第七版，孙桓、陈作模、葛文杰主编，西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室编，高等教育出版社、机械原理课程设计指导书，郭红利主编，西北农林科技大学、机械设计手册（三版），吴宗泽主编，化学工业出版社、材料力学（第四版），刘鸿文主编，高等教育出版社、理论力学（第七版），哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室、AutoCAD2007 机械设计绘图应用教程陈敏刘晓旭主编重庆大学出版社。论文（设计）完成计划（含时间进度）：接受任务日期：年月日要求完成日期：年月日学生接受任务（签名）：指导教师（签名）：系（室）负责人审定（签名）： Basic Machining Operations and Cutting TechnologyBasic Machining Operations Machine tools have evolved from the early foot-powered lathes of the Egyptians and John Wilkinsons boring mill. They are designed to provide rigid support for both the workpiece and the cutting tool and can precisely control their relative positions and the velocity of the tool with respect to the workpiece. Basically, in metal cutting, a sharpened wedge-shaped tool removes a rather narrow strip of metal from the surface of a ductile workpiece in the form of a severely deformed chip. The chip is a waste product that is considerably shorter than the workpiece from which it came but with a corresponding increase in thickness of the uncut chip. The geometrical shape of workpiece depends on the shape of the tool and its path during the machining operation. Most machining operations produce parts of differing geometry. If a rough cylindrical workpiece revolves about a central axis and the tool penetrates beneath its surface and travels parallel to the center of rotation, a surface of revolution is produced, and the operation is called turning. If a hollow tube is machined on the inside in a similar manner, the operation is called boring. Producing an external conical surface uniformly varying diameter is called taper turning, if the tool point travels in a path of varying radius, a contoured surface like that of a bowling pin can be produced; or, if the piece is short enough and the support is sufficiently rigid, a contoured surface could be produced by feeding a shaped tool normal to the axis of rotation. Short tapered or cylindrical surfaces could also be contour formed. Flat or plane surfaces are frequently required. They can be generated by radial turning or facing, in which the tool point moves normal to the axis of rotation. In other cases, it is more convenient to hold the workpiece steady and reciprocate the tool across it in a series of straight-line cuts with a crosswise feed increment before each cutting stroke. This operation is called planning and is carried out on a shaper. For larger pieces it is easier to keep the tool stationary and draw the workpiece under it as in planning. The tool is fed at each reciprocation. Contoured surfaces can be produced by using shaped tools. Multiple-edged tools can also be used. Drilling uses a twin-edged fluted tool for holes with depths up to 5 to 10 times the drill diameter. Whether the drill turns or the workpiece rotates, relative motion between the cutting edge and the workpiece is the important factor. In milling operations a rotary cutter with a number of cutting edges engages the workpiece. Which moves slowly with respect to the cutter. Plane or contoured surfaces may be produced, depending on the geometry of the cutter and the type of feed. Horizontal or vertical axes of rotation may be used, and the feed of the workpiece may be in any of the three coordinate directions. Basic Machine Tools Machine tools are used to produce a part of a specified geometrical shape and precise I size by removing metal from a ductile material in the form of chips. The latter are a waste product and vary from long continuous ribbons of a ductile material such as steel, which are undesirable from a disposal point of view, to easily handled well-broken chips resulting from cast iron. Machine tools perform five basic metal-removal processes: I turning, planning, drilling, milling, and grinding. All other metal-removal processes are modifications of these five basic processes. For example, boring is internal turning; reaming, tapping, and counter boring modify drilled holes and are related to drilling; bobbing and gear cutting are fundamentally milling operations; hack sawing and broaching are a form of planning and honing; lapping, super finishing. Polishing and buffing are variants of grinding or abrasive removal operations. Therefore, there are only four types of basic machine tools, which use cutting tools of specific controllable geometry: 1. lathes, 2. planers, 3. drilling machines, and 4. milling machines. The grinding process forms chips, but the geometry of the abrasive grain is uncontrollable. The amount and rate of material removed by the various machining processes may be I large, as in heavy turning operations, or extremely small, as in lapping or super finishing operations where only the high spots of a surface are removed. A machine tool performs three major functions: 1. it rigidly supports the workpiece or its holder and the cutting tool; 2. it provides relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting tool; 3. it provides a range of feeds and speeds usually ranging from 4 to 32 choices in each case. Speed and Feeds in Machining Speeds, feeds, and depth of cut are the three major variables for economical machining. Other variables are the work and tool materials, coolant and geometry of the cutting tool. The rate of metal removal and power required for machining depend upon these variables. The depth of cut, feed, and cutting speed are machine settings that must be established in any metal-cutting operation. They all affect the forces, the power, and the rate of metal removal. They can be defined by comparing them to the needle and record of a phonograph. The cutting speed (V) is represented by the velocity of- the record surface relative to the needle in the tone arm at any instant. Feed is represented by the advance of the needle radially inward per revolution, or is the difference in position between two adjacent grooves. The depth of cut is the penetration of the needle into the record or the depth of the grooves. Turning on Lathe Centers The basic operations performed on an engine lathe are illustrated. Those operations performed on external surfaces with a single point cutting tool are called turning. Except for drilling, reaming, and lapping, the operations on internal surfaces are also performed by a single point cutting tool. All machining operations, including turning and boring, can be classified as roughing, finishing, or semi-finishing. The objective of a roughing operation is to remove the bulk of the material as rapidly and as efficiently as possible, while leaving a small amount of material on the work-piece for the finishing operation. Finishing operations are performed to obtain the final size, shape, and surface finish on the workpiece. Sometimes a semi-finishing operation will precede the finishing operation to leave a small predetermined and uniform amount of stock on the work-piece to be removed by the finishing operation. Generally, longer workpieces are turned while supported on one or two lathe centers. Cone shaped holes, called center holes, which fit the lathe centers are drilled in the ends of the workpiece-usually along the axis of the cylindrical part. The end of the workpiece adjacent to the tailstock is always supported by a tailstock center, while the end near the headstock may be supported by a headstock center or held in a chuck. The headstock end of the workpiece may be held in a four-jaw chuck, or in a type chuck. This method holds the workpiece firmly and transfers the power to the workpiece smoothly; the additional support to the workpiece provided by the chuck lessens the tendency for chatter to occur when cutting. Precise results can be obtained with this method if care is taken to hold the workpiece accurately in the chuck. Very precise results can be obtained by supporting the workpiece between two centers. A lathe dog is clamped to the workpiece; together they are driven by a driver plate mounted on the spindle nose. One end of the Workpiece is mecained;then the workpiece can be turned around in the lathe to machine the other end. The center holes in the workpiece serve as precise locating surfaces as well as bearing surfaces to carry the weight of the workpiece and to resist the cutting forces. After the workpiece has been removed from the lathe for any reason, the center holes will accurately align the workpiece back in the lathe or in another lathe, or in a cylindrical grinding machine. The workpiece must never be held at the headstock end by both a chuck and a lathe center. While at first thought this seems like a quick method of aligning the workpiece in the chuck, this must not be done because it is not possible to press evenly with the jaws against the workpiece while it is also supported by the center. The alignment provided by the center will not be maintained and the pressure of the jaws may damage the center hole, the lathe center, and perhaps even the lathe spindle. Compensating or floating jaw chucks used almost exclusively on high production work provide an exception to the statements made above. These chucks are really work drivers and cannot be used for the same purpose as ordinary three or four-jaw chucks. While very large diameter workpieces are sometimes mounted on two centers, they are preferably held at the headstock end by faceplate jaws to obtain the smooth power transmission; moreover, large lathe dogs that are adequate to transmit the power not generally available, although they can be made as a special. Faceplate jaws are like chuck jaws except that they are mounted on a faceplate, which has less overhang from the spindle bearings than a large chuck would have. Introduction of Machining Machining as a shape-producing method is the most universally used and the most important of all manufacturing processes. Machining is a shape-producing process in which a power-driven device causes material to be removed in chip form. Most machining is done with equipment that supports both the work piece and cutting tool although in some cases portable equipment is used with unsupported workpiece. Low setup cost for small Quantities. Machining has two applications in manufacturing. For casting, forging, and press working, each specific shape to be produced, even one part, nearly always has a high tooling cost. The shapes that may he produced by welding depend to a large degree on the shapes of raw material that are available. By making use of generally high cost equipment but without special tooling, it is possible, by machining; to start with nearly any form of raw material, so tong as the exterior dimensions are great enough, and produce any desired shape from any material. Therefore .machining is usually the preferred method for producing one or a few parts, even when the design of the part would logically lead to casting, forging or press working if a high quantity were to be produced. Close accuracies, good finishes. The second application for machining is based on the high accuracies and surface finishes possible. Many of the parts machined in low quantities would be produced with lower but acceptable tolerances if produced in high quantities by some other process. On the other hand, many parts are given their general shapes by some high quantity deformation process and machined only on selected surfaces where high accuracies are needed. Internal threads, for example, are seldom produced by any means other than machining and small holes in press worked parts may be machined following the press working operations. Primary Cutting Parameters The basic tool-work relationship in cutting is adequately described by means of four factors: tool geometry, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. The cutting tool must be made of an appropriate material; it must be strong, tough, hard, and wear resistant. The tool s geometry characterized by planes and angles, must be correct for each cutting operation. Cutting speed is the rate at which the work surface passes by the cutting edge. It may be expressed in feet per minute. For efficient machining the cutting speed must be of a magnitude appropriate to the particular work-tool combination. In general, the harder the work material, the slower the speed. Feed is the rate at which the cutting tool advances into the workpiece. Where the workpiece or the tool rotates, feed is measured in inches per revolution. When the tool or the work reciprocates, feed is measured in inches per stroke, Generally, feed varies inversely with cutting speed for otherwise similar conditions. The depth of cut, measured inches is the distance the tool is set into the work. It is the width of the chip in turning or the thickness of the chip in a rectilinear cut. In roughing operations, the depth of cut can be larger than for finishing operations. The Effect of Changes in Cutting Parameters on Cutting Temperatures In metal cutting operations heat is generated in the primary and secondary deformation zones and these results in a complex temperature distribution throughout the tool, workpiece and chip. A typical set of isotherms is shown in figure where it can be seen that, as could be expected, there is a very large temperature gradient throughout the width of the chip as the workpiece material is sheared in primary deformation and there is a further large temperature in the chip adjacent to the face as the chip is sheared in secondary deformation. This leads to a maximum cutting temperature a short distance up the face from the cutting edge and a small distance into the chip. Since virtually all the work done in metal cutting is converted into heat, it could be expected that factors which increase the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed will increase the cutting temperature. Thus an increase in the rake angle, all other parameters remaining constant, will reduce the power per unit volume of metal removed and the cutting temperatures will reduce. When considering increase in unreformed chip thickness and cutting speed the situation is more complex. An increase in undeformed chip thickness tends to be a scale effect where the amounts of heat which pass to the workpiece, the tool and chip remain in fixed proportions and the changes in cutting temperature tend to be small. Increase in cutting speed; however, reduce the amount of heat which passes into the workpiece and this increase the temperature rise of the chip m primary deformation. Further, the secondary deformation zone tends to be smaller and this has the effect of increasing the temperatures in this zone. Other changes in cutting parameters have virtually no effect on the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed and consequently have virtually no effect on the cutting temperatures. Since it has been shown that even small changes in cutting temperature have a significant effect on tool wear rate it is appropriate to indicate how cutting temperatures can be assessed from cutting data. The most direct and accurate method for measuring temperatures in high -speed-steel cutting tools is that of Wright &. Trent which also yields detailed information on temperature distributions in high-speed-steel cutting tools. The technique is based on the metallographic examination of sectioned high-speed-steel tools which relates microstructure changes to thermal history. Trent has described measurements of cutting temperatures and temperature distributions for high-speed-steel tools when machining a wide range of workpiece materials. This technique has been further developed by using scanning electron microscopy to study fine-scale microstructure changes arising from over tempering of the tempered martens tic matrix of various high-speed-steels. This technique has also been used to study temperature distributions in both high-speed -steel single point turning tools and twist drills. 基本加工工序和切削技术机床是从早期的埃及人的脚踏动力车和约翰威尔金森的镗床发展而来的。它们为工件和刀具提供刚性支撑并可以精确控制它们的相对位置和相对速度。基本上讲，金属切削是指一个磨尖的锲形工具从有韧性的工件表面上去除一条很窄的金属。切屑是被废弃的产品，与其它工件相比切屑较短，但对于未切削部分的厚度有一定的增加。工件表面的几何形状取决于刀具的形状以及加工操作过程中刀具的路径。大多数加工工序产生不同几何形状的零件。如果一个粗糙的工件在中心轴上转动并且刀具平行于旋转中心切入工件表面，一个旋转表面就产生了，这种操作称为车削。如果一个空心的管子以同样的方式在内表面加工，这种操作称为镗孔。当均匀地改变直径时便产生了一个圆锥形的外表面，这称为锥度车削。如果刀具接触点以改变半径的方式运动，那么一个外轮廓像球的工件便产生了；或者如果工件足够的短并且支撑是十分刚硬的，那么成型刀具相对于旋转轴正常进给的一个外表面便可产生，短锥形或圆柱形的表面也可形成。平坦的表面是经常需要的，它们可以由刀具接触点相对于旋转轴的径向车削产生。在刨削时对于较大的工件更容易将刀具固定并将工件置于刀具下面。刀具可以往复地进给。成形面可以通过成型刀具加工产生。多刃刀具也能使用。使用双刃槽钻钻深度是钻孔直径5-10倍的孔。不管是钻头旋转还是工件旋转，切削刃与工件之间的相对运动是一个重要因数。在铣削时一个带有许多切削刃的旋转刀具与工件接触，工件相对刀具慢慢运动。平的或成形面根据刀具的几何形状和进给方式可能产生。可以产生横向或纵向轴旋转并且可以在任何三个坐标方向上进给。基本机床机床通过从塑性材料上去除屑片来产生出具有特别几何形状和精确尺寸的零件。后者是废弃物，是由塑性材料如钢的长而不断的带状物变化而来，从处理的角度来看，那是没有用处的。很容易处理不好由铸铁产生的破裂的屑片。机床执行五种基本的去除金属的过程：车削，刨削，钻孔，铣削。所有其他的去除金属的过程都是由这五个基本程序修改而来的，举例来说，镗孔是内部车削；铰孔，攻丝和扩孔是进一步加工钻过的孔；齿轮加工是基于铣削操作的。抛光和打磨是磨削和去除磨料工序的变形。因此，只有四种基本类型的机床，使用特别可控制几何形状的切削工具1.车床，2.钻床，3.铣床，4.磨床。磨削过程形成了屑片，但磨粒的几何形状是不可控制的。通过各种加工工序去除材料的数量和速度是巨大的，正如在大型车削加工，或者是极小的如研磨和超精密加工中只有面的高点被除掉。一台机床履行三大职能：1.它支撑工件或夹具和刀具2.它为工件和刀具提供相对运动3.在每一种情况下提供一系列的进给量和一般可达4-32种的速度选择。加工速度和进给速度，进给量和切削深度是经济加工的三大变量。其他的量数是攻丝和刀具材料，冷却剂和刀具的几何形状，去除金属的速度和所需要的功率依赖于这些变量。切削深度，进给量和切削速度是任何一个金属加工工序中必须建立的机械参量。它们都影响去除金属的力，功率和速度。切削速度可以定义为在旋转一周时速度记录面相对任何瞬间呈辐射状扩散的针，或是两个相邻沟槽的距离。切削深度是进入的深度和沟槽的深度。在车床中心的车削在机动车床上完成的基本操作已被介绍了。那些用单点刀具在外表面的操作称为车削。除了钻孔，铰孔，研磨内部表面的操作也是由单点刀具完成的。所有的加工工序包括车削，镗孔可以被归类为粗加工，精加工或半精加工。精加工是尽可能快而有效的去除大量材料，而工件上留下的一小部分材料用于精加工。精加工为工件获得最后尺寸，形状和表面精度。有时，半精加工为精加工留下预定的一定量的材料，它是先于精加工的。一般来说，较长的工件同时被一个或两个车床中心支撑。锥形孔，所谓的中心孔，两端被钻的工件适于车床中心-通常沿着圆柱形工件的轴线。工件接近为架的那端通常由尾架中心支撑

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