新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit5Dreams.doc

Unit Five DreamsTeaching Objectives1. Be aware of different understanding about dreams;2. Acquire the awareness of some psychologists explanation about dreams;3. Some important new words and phrases should be mastered;4. Listening practice and skill training.Teaching allotmentSix academic hours.Focus Points1. Key words, phrases & usages: Analysis, ancient, conscious, frustrating, impulse, predict, recur, cancel, crack, impact, spot, tremble, upset, depressed, disturbing, neutral, relieve, vision, dream up, work through, call off, run into. 2. difficult sentences:1. Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true?Paraphrase: Is there such a thing as a dream, in the dream the events which are seen by the dreamer happen just as one dreamed?2. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still dont offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.3. Everyone dreamsits just that some of us cant remember doing so.4. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater.Class ActivityI. Related Information: How much do we know about dream? We may know when dreams occur, we know they can be either “good dreams” or “bad dreams”, but there is still much disagreement about what significance dream have to our life while we are awake. The interpretation of dreams had been a favorite activity of people for as long as we have had recorded history. Some of these dream interpreters, like the European psychologist Sigmund Freud, felt that all dreams have meanings which relate to our personal relationships with family members and friends. Freud felt that many dreams have sexual meanings, but other dream experts reject this idea. Good dreams include those in which we see ourselves succeeding in some difficult or pleasant activity such as singing, dancing, talking with our friends, or experiencing the happiness which may not occur in our waking hours. Many persons report dreams of competing in athletic competitions or music competitions, or of acting in a dramatic production. Who among us has not dreamed of spending pleasant hours with our real or imaginary love, enjoying his or her company in ways known only to those who have loved? Many persons report dreaming of flying, jumping great distances or heights, or defeating enemies in battle. Interpreters of such dreams give varied meanings, most of which are probably not very reliable. But, we often awake from good dreams in a good mood, rested and ready to face the day. Bad or unpleasant dreams include those which frighten us, recall unpleasant experiences from our lives, or present problems for which there is no evident solution. Dreams of failing an exam at school, dreams of losing a job or a good friend, dreams of accidents or death of a loved one in our family, etc are unsettling and not easily understood. Some dream experts believe these dreams are now a threatening way to face a problem from real life. They give us a way to deal with the problem so that we may find it less stressful in our waking hours. In a sense, progress would not occur in life if it were not for the dreams of those who are responsible for solving problems in our society. Inventors, musicians, and many others say that they first dreamed of an idea, and then started plans which fulfilled their dreams and made them a reality. Whatever their significance, dreams are important events to the dreamer, and interest in them will continue as long as life continues.Information About Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung:1) Sigmund Freud(18561930): An Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understanding the way that peoples minds work, and a new way of treating mental illness called the psychoanalysis. He believed that the bad experiences that people have as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking to mentally ill people about their past life and feelings, the hidden causes of their illness can be found. He wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and The Ego and the Id. His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, had a very great influence on the way that people thought in the 20th century.2) Carl Jung (18741961): A Swiss psychiatrist who studied the importance of dreams and religion in problems of the mind, and divided people into two groups, introverts and extroverts. Jung developed the idea of the collective unconscious, the belief that peoples feelings and reactions are often based on deep memories of human experience in the past. He worked with Sigmund Freud until they had a serious disagreement.I. Suggested Class Activities:1. Warming-up activity: your understanding about dreamStep 1 Divide the class into several groups. Let the students talk about the advantages dream and give some examples for explanation .Step 2 Let the students talk about the disadvantages of dream, and give some examples for explanation.Step 3 The teacher summarizes and give a comprehensive knowledge of the dream from various perspectives, especially the perspective of psychology.2. In-class reading activity: the interpretation of dreamPurpose: Make the students know more about dream.Step 1 Sometimes we have good dreams. Ask the students their interpretations of good dreams.Step 2 Sometimes we have bad or unpleasant dreams. Ask the students their interpretations of bad dreams.Step 3 Ask the students their understanding of the relationship between dream and realityII. Further development: Does dream predict?Step 1 Do you believe that some dreams predict something? Have you ever gone to do sth or avoided doing sth just because of a dream? Step 2 The teacher can tell the class a story which is similar to the stories in the after-class reading passages.In-Class Reading Words and phrases1. analysis: study of sth by examining its parts and their relationships pl, analysese.g. Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare.Idm: in the last/final analysis: after all due consideration 总之，归根结底 e.g. In the final analysis, I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.n, analyst: the person skilled in making analysesv, analyze (us analyse): 1) separate sth into its parts in order to study its nature or structure e.g By analyzing the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar.2) examine and explain e.g. We must try to analyze the causes of the strike.Exercises:1. 总之，我们主张会议延迟。(In the final analysis, we maintained that the meeting be postponed.)2. Its important to analyze the sample and identify it.(对样本进行分析鉴定很重要.)2. ancient: 1) belonging to times long past e.g ancient Chinese civilization 2) (常作戏谑语) very old e.g I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves.Compared: old, 1) It has the widest use and can be applied to people, animals and things that have lived or existed for a long time. e.g. an old woman/dog/church2) It may describe a person who has been known for a long time but is not necessarily old in years.e.g. an old friend 3) former or previouse.g I was much happier in my old job.4) not new an old bicycleaged, It is more formal than old and is used of very old peopleelderly, If one wants to be polite and respectful, one can describe old people as elderly.ancient and antique are usually only applied to things.Antique describes an object which has survived from the past and is therefore valuable today.e.g antique furnitureExercises: 1.Gold was used as currency in _ China.( C)A. old B. antique C. ancient D. aged2. 在路的尽头有一家古玩店。(At the end of the street is an antique shop.)3. frustrating: adj, annoying, discouraginge.g. I find it frustrating that I cant speak other languages.frustrated: adj, 1) 表语discouraged e.g. As a nurse she got very frustrated, but being an administrator seems to suit her.2) 定语unable to be successful in ones chosen careere.g. Film directors are sometimes frustrated actors.frustrate: v, 1) prevent from doing e.g His plan was frustrated by bad weather.2) upset or discourage e.g. His words frustrated her deeply.Exercises:1. 玛丽因工作得不到赏识而灰心丧气。( Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation in her work.)2. It is frustrated that we have no access to the society. (改错)4. impulse: 1)sudden urge to act without thinking about the resultse.g. He felt an irresistible impulse to jump down.2) push, stimulus e.g. The development of economy gives an impulse to industrial expansion.Idm, on impulse: suddenly and without previous thinking 一时冲动e.g. On impulse, I picked up the phone and rang my sister in Australiar.impulsive: adj, 凭冲动的；易冲动的 e.g. Its an impulsive comment.Exercises;1. 他是个易冲动的人，请多包容。( Since he is a man of impulse, please be tolerant of him.)2. I drove to the seaside and caught the wind on impulse.(我一时心血来潮，开车到海边兜风。)5. instantly: adv, 1) immediatelye.g. I instantly recognized my old friend in the crowd.2) as soon as e.g Tell me instantly he arrives.Instant: adj, 立即的，紧急的 e.g instant coffee; in instant need of helpExercises:1) I recognized her the instant I saw her. (同义转换)2) 说完这些话，他立刻就走了。(With these words, he left instantly.)6. predict: v, forecast; say in advance that sth will happene.g It is impossible to predict who will win.predictable: adj, that can be predicted e.g predictable weather prediction: n, predicting, forecast e.g. Do you take seriously his prediction of the government defeat?Exercises:1. 他预测情况将继续好转。(He predicted that the improvement would continue.)2. I knew youd say thatyoure so predictable!（我早就知道你会这么说果不其然。）7. recur: v, happen/occur again (recurred, recurring) e.g. The symptoms tend to recur.Phr, recur to sb/sth: (fml) come back into the minde.g. Our first meeting often recurs to my mind.Cf, occur to sb: come into a persons mind 想到，想起e.g. An idea has occurred to me.Did it ever occur to you that your words may hurt her?Exercises:1. 这一主旋律在歌剧中不断出现。( This theme recurs constantly throughout the opera.)2. It never _ to her to ask for others. (recurred, occurred)8. be tied up with: be closely related to sthe.g. His failure in the exam was tied up with his being lost in the computer games.Exercises:你知道他为什么而如此沮丧吗？( Do you know what is tied up with his frustration?)9. date back to/from: have existed since e.g This castle dates from/back to the 14th century. Phr. be/go out of date: no longer fashionable e.g Will jeans go out of date?out-of-date ideas/clothesbe/bring sth up to date: 1)modern. fashionablee.g She wears clothes that are right up to date.2) according what is now known or requirede.g The list is up to date now that weve added the new members names.up-to-date styles/booksExercises:1. 我们从1960年就合伙了。( Our partnership dates back to 1960.)2. My passport is out of date.(我的护照已经过期了。) Language points1. Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true?Paraphrase: Is there such a thing as a dream, in the dream the events which are seen by the dreamer happen just as one dreamed?“In which the events seen by the dreamer come true” is an attributive clause modifying “dream”.“Seen by the dreamer” is past participle phrase modifying “the events”.“come true”: happen just as one wished .expected, dreamed（希望，理想，梦想）等实现，达到e.g.: He wondered whether the prophecy would come true.May all your wishes come true.2. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still dont offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.The word “advance” here is a noun, meaning “a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress”. It is used as a noun here and can also be a verb.n. a. forward movement or progress前进e.g.: The enemys advance was stopped.b. (in advance) beforehand 事先， 预先e.g.: I should warn you in advance that Im not a very good dancer.v. a. come or go forward前进e.g.: The mob advanced toward us shouting angrily.b. develop, improve发展，进步e.g.: Our understanding of human genetics(遗传学) has advanced considerably.3. Everyone dreamsits just that some of us cant remember doing so.remember 后接动名词和动词不定式表达的含义不同，如：I remember locking the door. 我记得把门锁上了。（locking 表已完成的动作）Remember to lock the door. 记得要锁门。（to lock表未完成的动作）类似用法的词有：try, regret, stop, quit, forget, go on等。e.g.: 1.Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门如没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。（try 意为“试”）Try to get some sleep. 试图水一会儿。（try 意为“试图”或“企图”）2.I regret missing the film.我懊悔没有看上那部电影。（动名词missing指过去）I regret to say that I cannot come.我很抱歉，不能来了。（不定式to say指现在）3.He stopped smoking last week.他上星期戒了烟。（stop 在此是及物动词，动名词smoking 是宾语）He stopped to smoke.他停下来吸烟。（stop在此是不及物动词，不定式to smoke用作目的状语）(quit的用法如stop)4.I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永不会忘记第一次看到瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。（see 的动作已完成）He has forgotten to pay back the money he borrowed.他忘记还所借的款。（pay的动作未完成）5. They went on talking. 他们继续谈着。（动名词talking是宾语）They went on to talk about other matters. 他们接着又谈别的事情。（不定式是目的状语，意谓接着做另一件事）4. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater.Paraphrase: For example, if you dream of walking on hot coals, it is very likely that you are sleeping with your feet too close to a heater.“Dreaming of walking on hot coals” is gerund phrase used as subject.May well: be very likely to 很可能e.g.: His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.他的模样变化太大，你完全可能认不出他了。注意辨别：may / might(just) as well 倒不如，还是-的好e.g.: Theres nothing to do, so I may (just) as well go to bed.没什么事可做，我还是睡觉的好。May as well-as 做什么与做什么一样e.g.: We may as well go as not. 我们去不去都行。5. According to these dictionaries, a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life.The word “whereas” is a conjunction.It is used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another.e.g. The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.Some cancers are cured by chemotherapy alone, whereas others are unaffected by drugs. Questions1. Do dreams still puzzle us?2. When are we able to remember our dreams?3. How many REM stages of sleep do we have during the night?4. What is the main purpose of sleeping?5. What are the possible causes of dreams?6. What did a dream about drinking wine mean to the people living in 5000BC?7. What did A dream about dolphin mean to the people living in Ancient Greece?8. Why do most experts warn people to be careful with dream interpretations?OrganizationPart I (Para.1): Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings.Part 2 (Para.2-3): The main idea of this part is when dreaming occurs and what the main purposes of sleeping are.Part 3 (Para.4-6): Physiological cause and reflection of inner fears are the possible causes of dreams.Part 4 (Para. 7-9): Some kinds of dream interpretation and experts warning about careful treatment to dream interpretation.SummaryDreams still continue to puzzle human beings though scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep. We dream for most of the night, but we can only remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM sleep. One purpose of sleeping is giving us rest. The other purpose is to allow us to dream. The possible causes of dreams are physiological cause and reflection of inner fears. Ancient people in the world tried to explain dreams, but most experts warn that they should be read with care.III. After-class readingAnswer the following questions according to the passage.Passage one1. Why did Mary beg George not go by plane? 2. Why did George change his mind on his way to the airport?3. According to the passage, which one is not true?A. The plane ran into a bad storm when it took off.B. The plane crashed into a hill.C. Some men use baskets to carry away bodies.D. George was safe because of Marys dream.4. Why did Bradely like to take his class on field trips?5. When Bradely told his dream to his colleagues, how did they response?Keys:1. It is because George was killed in a plane crash in Marys nightmare.2. As he drove to the airport, he began to feel strange. Then he saw a plane flying overhead, and his heart began to thump with fear.3. (A)4. He was a teacher and also a naturalist, so he liked to take his class to learn about nature.5. They laughed at him and told him should not spoil the childrens fun.Passage twoDecide whether the following are true or false according to the passage.1. People who are seriously depressed actually have the same sleeps effect with healthy people. (F)2. Cartwright is going to research how dreams allow our brains to repair our moods. (T)3. Cartwright gave two mood tests to normally healthy participants. (T)4. Subjects who were generally not depressed but went to bed in a bad mood, had no change in their moods. (F)5. Most of the subjects in the former group eventually work through their depression. (T)IV. Translation:正说反译1、 动词：1） I have failed to convince him of his error.我没有能够说服他，使他知道自己的错误。2） The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标。3） Such a chance was denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。2、 形容词：1） He is not stupid, merely ignorant. 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而以。2） It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.甚至只要是有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。3） The explanation is p