英语专八作文写好的秘诀.doc

写好专八作文简单易懂的20字诀Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。Brief: 文章简为贵，要抓住要点，简明扼要。Coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。Development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。Inflated diction: 不使用做作的语言。Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。Relevant: 文章一定要要题。Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化。Straight: 开门见山，直来直去。Style: 文体恰切，适合内容要求。Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。Theme: 选题得当，主题突出。专八作文要求参加英语专八考试的考生们想要把作文写好，必须注意很多，比如：审题、行文的统一性和连贯性、语言的规范性和准确性。只有注意到上面这些，才能达到基本的拿高分可能性。1. 审题在写作考试中要写出符合题目要求，高质量的作文，第一步是审题。所谓审题，就是通过阅读写作题目及相关信息或要求，正确领会题目的含义，了解题目要求，为构思合乎具体写作要求的文章框架打下基础。数年来专八写作项目已形成自身的特色。这个特色就是，该项目内的几个部分（观点、情景、标题、写作要求）具有内在的联系，从而构成一个整体。因此，审题就意味着不是仅仅浏览一个标题，而是要兼顾其它部分。只有这样，学生才能真正明确写作目的，领会写作要求。以1997年的专八考试写作项目为例。该年的标题是 SOWING THE SEEDS，NURTURING GROWTH AND HARVESTING THE REWARDS。如果我们孤立地看题目的话，就很难领会该篇作文的具体要求和目的。但是，一旦我们把标题与前面的情景与观点部分联系起来，这个标题的含义就变得清晰了：它要求学生用标题所含的耕作过程来比拟获得大学学业成就的过程。同时，对具体语篇模式的要求（即ANALOGY）也显示在这部分中间。至于对作文修辞框架的要求，则出现在标题下面的一段文字中。总而言之，提高审题的准确性有利于学生理解题目含义，了解写作要求，进而有针对性地构思作文内容、布局等。然而，在历年写作阅卷中我们发现，审题有误仍是学生经常犯的错误之一。归纳起来有以下几点：1）不熟悉八级写作的设计特点，以为只看标题即可着手写作。这常常导致在文章内容上出现严重偏差。2）对情景观点部分的理解一知半解，未经仔细斟酌就提笔写作文。这往往会造成学生采用错误的语篇模式。3）忽略写作项目中对作文修辞框架的提示。这容易使得作文思路或结构混乱或失衡。2. 行文的统一性和连贯性一篇优秀的作文应该具有以下两个特点。就八级写作项目而言，这主要体现在作文的内容和框架上。按照写作要求，一篇合格的作文由三个部分组成。第一部分包括作者的论点（THESIS STATEMENT）。论点应明确、清楚。第二部分是作文的主体。这部分的要求是通过恰当、合适的语篇模式（如：CAUSE AND EFFECT，COMPARISON AND CONTRAST，等等）来论证前面提出的论点。论证的过程要做到结构严谨、层次分明、合乎逻辑。要做到结构严谨，就需要学生在写作中抓住中心，并围绕中心展开讨论。结构严谨的作文同时也应是层次分明的作文。为了使论证过程具有说服力，作文应采用一种层次结构。所谓层次结构指构成语篇的句子或者各段之间在逻辑意义上存在着一种主从关系，它们或者是解释关系，或者是因果关系，或者是总分关系。书卷语体通常属于这类结构，即一个语篇往往由不同层次的语段构成。此外，座文应有逻辑性，文中观点的阐述要合乎情理，观点之间的衔接要自然、顺畅。第三部分为作文的结尾。一篇思想内容完整的作文离不开一个好的结尾。一般来说，结尾部分的内容应为前面部分的总结。因此，这部分应与前面部分保持论点上的一致性和统一性。结尾部分忌讳的是牛头不对马嘴，前后没有连贯性，因而破坏作文的完整性。3. 语言的规范性和准确性作文的思想内容都必须通过语言形式来表达。八级作文要求语言得体、通顺，无重大语法错误。如果作文句不成句，用词不当，语法错误连篇，就很难将作者的意图表达清楚。但是，历年来的写作项目反映出学生在作文的统一性、连贯性和语言的规范性方面还普遍存在一些问题。概括起来有以下几点：1）作文中的论点未展开。这主要表现为没有按照要求在第一部分中阐明观点，而是东拉西扯，写了与题目有关或无关的细节或现象。比如在以IN SUPPORT OF DORMITORY POLICIES为题的作文中，一些学生不是开门见山地点明主题思想，而是列举了一些寝室里的情况或评论一些不良现象。最后由于篇幅有限，就在结束时提一句寝室制度就草草收尾。2）作文结构不严谨，段落没有主题句，且句际段落关系不明显。这种现象在考生的作文中带有一定的普遍性。有些学生在写作时没有理清思路，按照一定的逻辑框架写，而是想到什么就写什么，因此文章显得松散。3）作文首尾不一致。作文开头与结尾部分内容衔接不上，或自相矛盾。4）作文缺乏连贯性（COHERENCE）。在对历年考生作文的分析中，我们发现以下几个现象：A. 差的作文中简单句多，而好的作文中则少；B. 差的作文中从句和连词出现的频率大大低于好的作文；C. 差的作文中各种照应的使用低于好的作文；D. 差的作文中关键词和同义近义词出现的频率低于好的作文。英语专业八级写作常用句型编辑点评：记住一些常用句型、过渡词语以及佳句对于考作文非常有用；句型就像一块一块的模板，积累了足够的模板，考试时就能信手拈来，轻松对应。用于驳斥：1. In general， I dont agree with.2. In my opinion， this point of view doesnt hold water.3. The chief reason why.， is that.4. There is no doubt that.5. It is not true that.6. It can be easily denied that.7. We have no reason to believe that.8. What is more serious is that.9. But it is a pity that.10. Besides， we should not neglect that.11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore.12. Others may find this to be true， but I believe that.13. Perhaps I will question why.14. There is a certain amount of truth in this， but we still have a problem with regard to.15. Though we are in basic agreement with.， but.16. What seems to be the trouble is.17. Yet differences will be found，thats why I feel that.18. It would be reasonable to take the view that.，but it would be foolish to claim that.19. There is in fact no reason for us to believe that.20. What these people fail to consider is that.21. It is one thing to insist that.，it is quite another to show that.22. Wonderful as A is， however，it has its own disadvantages too.23. The advantages of B are much greater than A.24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when B，s advantages are taken into consideration.用于描写图表和数据：1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year.3. It has been increased by a factor of 4 since 1995.4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.7. The total number was lowered by 10%.8. It rose from 10 -15 percent of the total this year.9. Compared with 1997，it fell from 15 to 10 percent.10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.11. It has decreased almost two and half times， compared with.用于解释原因、分析影响：1. Everybody knows that.2. It can be easily proved that.3. It is true that.4. No one can deny that.5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is.6. The chief reason is that.7. We must recognize that.8. There is no doubt that.9. I am of the opinion that.10. This can be expressed as follows:11. To take.， for an example .12. We have reason to believe that.13. Now that we know that.14. Among the most convincing reasons given， one should be mentioned.15. The change in. largely results from the fact that.16. There are several causes for this significant growth in.， first . second.， finally.17. A number of factors could account for the development in.18. Perhaps the primary reason is.19. It is chiefly responsible for.20. The reasons for.，are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact.21. There are several possible reasons， except that.22. Somebody believes/ argues/ holds/ insists/ thinks that.23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon.24. Different people observes it in different ways.英语专业八级写作黄金句型编辑点评：本篇介绍的是专四专八写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。以下是专四专八写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1.表示原因1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that.例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.2.表示好处1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例如：Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmfulto us.例如： However，everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.2）We think it necessary to do sth.3）It plays an important role in our life.例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon，computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5.表示措施1）We should take some effective measures.2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with isbecoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that.2）No one can deny the fact that.3）There is no denying the fact that.4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5）However，thats not the case.例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.8.表示比较1）Compared with A，B.2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3）There is a striking contrast between them.例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.9.表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）from.to.2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15compared with that of January.例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.10.表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.2）People have different opinions on this problem.3）People take different views of（on）the question.4）Some people believe that.Others argue that.例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.专八写作技巧：常用开头语1 As far as.is concerned 就而论例如：As far as the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.2 As far as we know 据我们所知例如：As far as we know, things are going well.3 As the saying goes 俗语说例如：As the saying goes, Blood is thicker than water.4 Genera