英语单项选择题常用的解题技巧.doc

英语单项选择题常用的解题技巧 单项选择是英语高考的一个必考题型，此题不是单纯地考查“纯语法”或“纯词汇”，而是在特定的语言环境中考查考生综合运用语言的能力。在高考英语试卷中，单项选择题的命题特征是：知识覆盖面广，语境地位突出，交际性原则明确，试题题干新颖，因而迷惑性较大，灵活性较高。本部分试题主要侧重对学生以下基本语法知识及运用能力的测试：1）动词时态，语态；2）非谓语动词；3）情态动词；4）动词及动词短语；5）复合句(从句)；6）形容词、副词；7）名词、代词、冠词；8）固定结构/句式。纵观历年的高考英语试卷，15道单项选择题答题失误率非常高。平时备考时，同学们可能也做了不计其数的练习，但总是陷入“做了错，错了做”的恶性循环。等到老师讲解时，你可能会发现你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力，但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、或使用技法不巧等原因，刚好掉入了命题人的陷阱。在单选答题时同学们易犯的最典型的，也是最“致命”的错误，是在没有明确题干语义的情况下仓促进行选择。因此同学们在做单项选择训练时，务必首先建立“语义领先”的意识。其次，在做单选题的过程中，同学们应着重培养自己如下的能力：1）语法词汇知识在具体语境中的辨析和灵活运用能力；2）正确分析句子结构的能力；3）捕捉句中隐含信息的能力。总之，单项选择题涉及知识面广，试题灵活多变，对每个试题要仔细审题，并掌握一定的技巧，才能得到较好的分数。下面将为大家介绍几种有用的解题技巧。一、还原句子结构题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用定语从句等形式，将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开，再重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉，从而达到加大难度。例如：1. To all of you _ the honor for the success A. belongs to B. belong to C. belongs D. belong 2. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well.A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doingD. was, to do3. -What made her mother so angry? - _ the exam. A. Because she did not passB. Her not passing C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing4. This is the main use that the scientists make natural resources.A. in B. up of C. from D. of5. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have goneD. having to go6. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking7. - Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday? - It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.A. where B. which C. thatD. when8. - Shall Mary come and play computer games?- No, _ she has finished her homework.A. when B. since C. unlessD. as soon as参考答案：CABDA DAC 解题诀窍：改变句式结构使之成为学生熟悉的句型。如将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句、定语从句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出。二、排除思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时往往只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思时就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：1. Dont take the medicine, it cant help rid of your cold.A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. gets2. Madame Curie，for _ life had once been very hard, was successful later A. whom B. which C. whose D. that3. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to？ A. that B. where C. why D. when 4. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly5. The work he devoted his time to _ worth praising.A. was B. be C. beingD. been6. Everyone here will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to prevent fires _ the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making7. The day he was looking forward to at last. A. came B. come C. coming D. have come8. He studied as hard as he could _ to enter a good college.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped9. We all regarded the poor old man _sympathy.A. as B. with C. ofD. by10. He didnt want to see anybody, so he spent six hours _ in the small room.A. locking B. locked C. locked himselfD. to lock参考答案：BAADA CACBB解题诀窍：正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。三、重视语境信息命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：1. - Hey, look where you are going? - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticingD. I dont noticing2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying3. Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing4. -You were out when I dropped in at your house. - Oh, I for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited5. I dont think Jack saw me, he into space.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 6. “I _ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _ to bring my phone book.”A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgotD. forgot, forget7. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. must have arrived D. may have arrived8. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with .A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing9. - Which driver was to blame?- Why, _! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. A. both B. each C. either D. neither10. - Which of the two ties would you like to take? - Id like to take _, to give me a change sometimes. A. both B. each C. either D. neither参考答案：BADAB CAADA解题诀窍：将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息，如前后动词的时态以及上下句之间的关联。有时空白后附带的一些貌似无关的信息正是解题的关键，这些信息千万不能忽视。 四、克服母语干扰英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，由于母语在学生大脑中已经根深蒂固，所以它常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者常利用汉英差异这一点出题。例如：1. The population of China is _ than that of Russia. A. much more B. much larger C. many more D. many larger2. There was once a cruel king _in the castle. A. lived B. who lives C. was living D. living3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations.A. read B. watch C. noticeD. look at4. - Im dead tired. I cant walk any further, Jenny. - _, Tommy. You can do it. A. No problem B. No hurryC. Come on D. Thats OK 5. He got to the station early, _ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of6. “Our team is _ to win the match.” “Really? But I dont think so.”A. easy B. difficult C. possibleD. sure7. The camera isnt good enough; I want to change _.A. another B. a good one C. it with anotherD. it for another8. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serve B. serve for C. serve toD. serve on参考答案：BDDCC DDA解题诀窍：留心英汉表达差异，平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。五、删除插入成分命题人在题干中常会插入起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如I think/ suppose/believe, do you think/ suppose/believe, you know, of course, in fact等，增加句子结构的复杂性。例如：1. We agree to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever2. He will tell you _ he expects will win such a match. A. why B. whom C. which D. who3. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves? A. who B. whichC. thatD. what4. The young man spent as much time as he could _ over his lessons. A. went B. go C. going D. to go5. A fast-food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A. which B. where C. there D. what6. An awful accident, however, _occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D had to7. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. thatD. what8. Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat.A. who B. which C. thatD. what9. He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. that B. which C. asD. because参考答案：BDCCB BCCA解题诀窍：为了快捷、准确地理解题意，先去掉句子中的插入语或附加成分等干扰部分，使结构简化，从而准确地选出正确答案。六、区分形近义近词命题人常把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：1. The films made by Disney _all over the world. A. are used to show B. are used to showing C. used to be shown D. used to show 2. - Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?-Yes. They have better players, so I _ them to win. A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want3. - How about eight oclock outside the cinema?- That _ me fine.A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits4. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have _ twenty-one already!A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed5. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _ one-year-old twins at the head. A. isolated B. separated C. divided D. removed参考答案：CCDBB解题诀窍：1）明确词意。所选答案要符合句子意思； 2）归纳比较。平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。七、注意标点符号 标点符号有时对我们解题有关键的提示作用，英语命题时常用逗号、冒号和分号等来干扰我们做出正确选择。例如：1. There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: to bed early unless you think it is necessary.A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go2. He is always really rude, is why people tend to avoid him.A. that B. it C. this D. which3. The next morning came word: _ the thief has been caught. A. that B. which C. where D. /4. He had a lot of friends, none of _ could lend him any money. He had a lot of friends; none of _ could lend him any money. A. whom B. them C. which D. who5. She may have missed the train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. She may have missed the train; in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. A. whose B. that C. which D. what6. I dont want to listen to a long story - just _ me the result. A. tell B. telling C. to tellD. to be telling参考答案：DDDAB CBA解题诀窍：注意英语中标点符号的用法区别，冒号、破折号后引出的应是一个完整的句子，分号的前后则分别是两个并列的句子，而逗号不能连接独立的句子，需用连词。八、查看有无连词英语句子间需用连词来连接，命题者常利用我们对此的忽视来出题。例如：1. If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. during that time 3. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. WhenD. Because4. In my apartment there are two rooms, _ is used as a living room.A. a larger one B. the larger of which C. the larger oneD. the largest of which5. Just because they make more money than I do, _ they seem to look down on me. A. so B. andC. butD. 不填6. She is quite a different girl _ she was five years ago.A. from B. to C. than D. with7. Sometimes our opinions differ _ what we choose to observe. A. which B. since C. becauseD. because of8. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Though he had been told D. He had been told9. _ comes to see me, tell him Im out.A. Anyone who B. Who C. WhoeverD. Everyone参考答案：DABBD CDDC解题诀窍：若经查实，句子中的确是两个分句，就要看其中一个分句前是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。九、检查有无谓语 有时题干中看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，却正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。例如：1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were translated into a foreign language.A. them B. which C . it D. that2. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing3. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. whichD. that4. _ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two._ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. Whoever C. AnyoneD. Who ever5. What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own. A. being B. to be C. isD. are6. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has come B. to have come C. to having comeD. has come参考答案：ABBA B CCA解题诀窍：检查句子中是否有谓语动词，事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。十、利用对称结构 题干中的并列连词and, but, or等连接的是并列成分，但题中常会有多个相似结构来干扰视线，从而增加分辨并列成分的难度。例如：1. - English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes. _more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known2. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy3. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provide C. providingD. provided4. All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completed C. had been completedD. been completed5. At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having satC. to sitD. sat 6. Toms mother always told him not to smoke again, but _ didnt help.A. he B. it C. whichD. as7. _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink C. DrinkingD. Having drinking8. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. put B. to put C. puttingD. having put参考答案：AABBD BAA解题诀窍：在做题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词，但应注意其连接的是哪两个或几个部分，是词组还是句子。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。十一、识别相似句型 英语中有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，就很容易选错。例如：1. _ is known