外文翻译--带式输送机

附录 1 1 引言 带式输送机又称胶带输送机，输送设备广泛应用于家电、电子、电器、机械、烟草、注塑、邮电、印刷、食品等各行各业，物件的组装、检测、调试、包装及运输等。线体输送可根据工艺要求选用：普通连续运行、节拍运行、变速运行等多种控制方式；线体因地制宜选用：直线、弯道、斜坡等线体形式。 输送设备包括：皮带输送机也叫带式输送机或胶带输送机等，是组成有节奏的流水作业线所不可缺少的经济型物流输送设备。皮带机按其输送能力可分为重型皮带机如矿用皮带输送机，轻型皮带机如用在电子塑料，食品轻工，化工医药等行业。皮带输送机 具有输送能力强，输送距离远，结构简单易于维护，能方便地实行程序化控制和自动化操作。运用输送带的连续或间歇运动来输送 100KG 以下的物品或粉状、颗状物品，其运行高速、平稳，噪音低，并可以上下坡传送。 码垛机是将已装入容器的纸箱，按一定排列码放在托盘、栈板（木质、塑胶）上，进行自动堆码，可堆码多层，然后推出，便于叉车运至仓库储存。本设备采用 PLC+触摸屏控制，实现智能化操作管理，简便、易掌握。可大大地减少劳动力和降低劳动强度。码垛机是输送机输送来的料袋、纸箱或是其它包装材料按照客户工艺要求的工作方式自动堆叠成垛 ，并将成垛的物料进行输送的设备。 自动码垛机是机、电一体化高新技术产品，中、低位码垛机可以满足中低产量的生产需要。可按照要求的编组方式和层数，完成对料袋、胶块、箱体等各种产品的码垛。最优化的设计使得垛形紧密、整齐。 2 特点及原理 2.1 特点 带式输送机是煤矿最理想的高效连续运输设备，与其他运输设备（如机车类）相比，具有输送距离长、运量大、连续输送等优点，而且运行可靠，易于实现自动化和集中化控制，尤其对高产高效矿井，带式输送机已成为煤炭开采机电一体化技术与装备的关键设备。带式输送机主要特点是机身可以很方 便的伸缩，设有储带仓，机尾可随采煤工作面的推进伸长或缩短，结构紧凑，可不设基础，直接在巷道底板上铺设，机架轻巧，拆装十分方便。当输送能力和运距较大时，可配中间驱动装置来满足要求。根据输送工艺的要求，可以单机输送，也可多机组合成水平或倾斜的运输系统来输送物料。带式输送机广泛地应用在冶金、煤炭、交通、水电、化工等部门，是因为它具有输送量大、结构简单、维修方便、成本低、通用性强等优点。带式输送机还应用于建材、电力、轻工、粮食、港口、船舶等部门。 码垛机结构特点：中、低位码垛机主要由压平输送机、缓停输送机、转位输送 机、托盘仓、托盘输送机、编组机、推袋装置、码垛装置、垛盘输送机组成。其结构设计优化，动作平稳可靠。码垛过程完全自动，正常运转时无须人工干预，具有广泛的适用范围。 2.2 工作原理 胶带输送机主要由胶带、传动滚筒、拉紧装置、托辊机架以及传动装置等几部分组成。胶带绕经两端滚筒后，用胶带卡子或硫化方法，将两头接在一起，使之成为闭环结构。胶带由上、下托辊支承着，由拉紧装置将胶带拉紧，具有一定的张力。当主动滚筒被电动机带动而旋转时，借助于主动滚筒与胶带之间的摩擦力带着胶带连续运转，从而将装到胶带上的货载从卸载滚筒 2 处卸载。 码垛机平板上工件符合栈板要求的一层工件，平板及工件向前移动直至栈板垂直面。上方挡料杆下降，另三方定位挡杆起动夹紧，此时平板复位。各工件下降到栈板平面，栈板平面与平板底面相距 10mm,栈板下降一个工件高度。往复上述直到栈板堆码达到设定要求。 2.3 传动原理特点 胶带输送机的牵引力是通过传动滚筒与胶带之间的摩擦力来传递的，因此必须将胶带用拉紧装置拉紧，使胶带在传筒滚筒分离处具有一定的初张力。 胶带与货载一起在托辊上运行。胶带既是牵引机构，又是承载机构，货载与胶带之间没有相对运动，消除了运行中胶 带与货载的摩擦阻力。由于托辊内装有滚动轴承，胶带与托辊之间是滚动摩擦，因此运行阻力大大减小，从而减少了功率的消耗，增大了运输距离。对于一台胶带输送机，其牵引力传递能力的大小，决定于胶带的张力、胶带在传动滚筒上的围包角和胶带与传动滚筒之间的摩擦系数。要保证胶带输送机的胶带在传动滚筒上不打滑，正常运行，在生产实践中要根据不同情况采取相应的措施。 提高牵引力的传递能力可从以下几方面入手： 增大拉紧力（初张力 )。胶带输送机在运行中，胶带要伸长，造成牵引力下降，所以要根据情况，利用拉紧装置适当地将胶带拉紧，增大胶带 张力，以提高牵引力。 增大摩擦系数。其具体措施是：保护好传动滚筒上覆盖的木衬或橡胶等衬垫，以增大摩擦系数，另一方面要少出水煤，预防摩擦系数减少。 增加围包角。井下胶带输送机由于工作条件差，所需牵引力大，故多采用双滚筒传动，以增大围包角。 3 带式输送机 3.1 技术优势 首先是它运行可靠。在许多需要连续运行的重要的生产单位，如发电厂煤的输送，钢铁厂和水泥厂散装物料的输送，以及港口内船舶装卸等均采用带式输送机。如在这些场合停机，其损失是巨大的。必要时，带式输送机可以一班接一班地连续工作。 带式输送机动力消 耗低。由于物料与输送带几乎无相对移动，不仅使运行阻力小（约为刮板输送机的 1/3-1/5），而且对货载的磨损和破碎均小，生产率高。这些均有利于降低生产成本。 带式输送机的输送线路适应性强又灵活。线路长度根据需要而定短则几米，长可达 10km 以上。可以安装在小型隧道内，也可以架设在地面交通混乱和危险地区的上空。 根据工艺流程的要求，带式输送机能非常灵活地从一点或多点受料也可以向多点或几个区段卸料。当同时在几个点向输送带上加料（如选煤厂煤仓下的输送机）或沿带式输送机长度方向上的任一点通过均匀给料设备向输送带给料 时，带式输送机就成为一条主要输送干线。 带式输送机可以在贮煤场料堆下面的巷道里取料，需要时，还能把各堆不同的物料进行混合。物料可简单地从输送机头部卸出，也可通过犁式卸料器或移动卸料车在输送带长度方向的任一点卸料。 3.2 设计要点 1、工作环境、状况和条件 需要考虑每天运转的时间、工作频率、带式输送机的服务年限、给料以及卸料的方法。 工作环境、状况：环境温度、露天或室内、环保要求、移动或固定、伸缩要求。 2、输送线路和输送带的问题 需要详细考虑输送线路的尺寸，包括：倾角、最大长度、提升高度；直线段、曲 线段的尺寸；连接尺寸等。 输送带：最大的垂度要求、模拟摩擦阻力系数、摩擦系数、安全系数。 3、物料的性质和输送量 需要考虑物料的具体性质，包括：松散密度、安息角、物料的粒度、最大块度情况、物料的湿度、物料的磨损性、粘结性和摩擦系数。输送量，料流均匀时能够直接达到的输送量，料流不均匀时可以考虑给出料流量的基本统计数据。 4 码垛机 4.1 控制系统 主要控制元件，包括可编程控制器、变频调速控制器、接近开关，按钮开关和接线端子等均采用品质一流的产品，确保了系统硬件的可靠性和长寿命。高品质的硬件和由专家设计的 专门控制软件相结合，实现了系统高度的自动化。完善的安全联锁机制，可以对设备和操作人员提供保护。图形显示触摸屏使码垛机操作简单，故障诊断容易，同时方便了检修和维护。 4.2 主要用途 机器人码垛机可以集成在任何生产线中，为生产现场提供智能化、机器人化、网络化，可以实现啤酒、饮料和食品行业多种多样作业的码垛物流，广泛应用于纸箱、塑料箱、瓶类、袋类、桶装、膜包产品及灌装产品等。配套于三合一灌装线等，对各类瓶罐箱包进行码垛。码垛机自动运行分为自动进箱、转箱、分排、成堆、移堆、提堆、进托、下堆、出垛等步骤。 码垛机 技术特点： 低位进箱，占用空间少，生产能力大； 整机 PLC 控制，全自动运行； 适应多种垛型及瓶型，调整方便； 多处安全保护，可带触摸屏控制； 采用优质输送链分段传动，输出段可任意加长； 电机、气缸传动及控制全部采用进口名牌元件； 尽量采用 304 材料，整机美观大方； 特别适应于码热收缩膜包装的产品。 附录 2 1 Introduction Also known as belt conveyor belt conveyor , conveyor equipment widely used in home appliances , electronics, electrical appliances, machinery , tobacco , injection molding , telecommunications, printing, food and other industries , object assembly, testing, debugging , packaging and transportation. Conveying line body chosen according to process requirements : a variety of control ordinary continuous operation, beats running , running gear , etc. ； line body chosen according to local conditions : straight lines, curves , slopes and other wire forms. Transportation equipment , including : belt conveyor is also called conveyor or belt conveyor , etc., is composed of rhythmic flow line indispensable economic conveying equipment. Conveyor belt according to their ability to be divided into heavy as mine belt conveyor belt conveyor belt light as plastics used in electronics , food and light industry, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Belt conveyor has a transmission capacity , transmission distance, the structure is simple and easy to maintain , easy to implement procedures to control and automation. The use of continuous or intermittent motion conveyor belt to transport 100KG following items or powder, teeth -like objects , which runs high-speed, stable, low noise , and can send more than downhill . The palletizer is loaded carton container arranged by a certain code on pallets, pallets ( wood , plastic ), and automatic stacking , the stacking multiple layers, and then introduced to facilitate forklift shipped to warehouses for storage . This equipment uses PLC + touch screen control , intelligent operation management , simple and easy to learn. Can greatly reduce labor and reduce labor intensity. Palletizer is conveyors to the bag , carton or other packaging material in accordance with the requirements of the customer process works automatically stacked into a pile , and will become the stack of materials for equipment transportation . Automatic stacking machine is mechanical, electrical integration of high-tech products, in low stacking machine to meet production needs in low yield. Grouping manner and in accordance with the number of layers required to complete the bag , plastic blocks , box palletizing and other products . Optimized design makes the stack tightly , neatly. 2 Characteristics and Principles 2.1 Features Coal belt conveyor is ideal for efficient continuous transport equipment , compared with other transport equipment ( such as locomotive class ) , has the advantage of long distance transportation , large volume, continuous conveyor , etc., and reliable operation, easy to automate and centralize control , especially for high-yield and efficient mine , coal mining conveyor has become mechatronics technology and equipment critical equipment . The main feature is the body belt conveyor can easily scalable with belt storage , tail can advance with the coalface elongation or shortening , compact, not to set the foundation , laid directly on the roadway floor , rack lightweight, very easy disassembly . When the transmission capacity and transport distance is large, can be equipped with an intermediate drive to meet the requirements. According transport process requirements , can be stand-alone transport , but also multi- level synthesis unit or inclined transportation system to transport materials . Belt Conveyor is widely used in metallurgy, coal , transport , utilities, chemical and other sectors , because it has a transmission capacity, simple structure, easy maintenance , low cost , versatility , etc. . Conveyor is also used in building materials , electricity, light industry, food , ports , shipbuilding and other sectors. Stacking machine structural characteristics : in low stacking machine is mainly composed of flattened conveyor, slow stop conveyor , transfer conveyor , pallet warehouse , pallet conveyors, grouping machines, pushing bag device , palletizing equipment , transport pallets machine. Its structural design optimization, smooth and reliable action. Palletizing process is completely automatic , without human intervention during normal operation , has a wide range of applications. 2.2 Work Mainly by the belt conveyor belt , drive roller , tensioning device , roller racks and gear parts and other components . After the tape around the ends of the drum by using tape clamp or curing method, the two together to make it a closed loop structure. Tape from the upper and lower supporting rollers , the tape tensioning the tensioning means , with a certain tension. When the driving motor rotates the drum is driven by means of drive rollers and the friction between the tape with a tape of continuous operation , which will be installed on the carrier tape to unload cargo unloaded from the drum 2 . Layer of the workpiece and the workpiece flat on the pallet stacking machine meets the requirements of flat workpieces move forward until the pallet vertical . Top of the gauge rod drop , another tripartite positioning clamping lever start , then flat reset. Each piece down to the pallet flat , flat underside and away from the plane pallet 10mm, drop a workpiece pallet height . Back and forth until the pallet stacking above reaches the set requirements. 2.3 Transmission Principle Features traction belt conveyor is through friction between the drive pulley and the belt to pass , it must be the tape taut with tension device , so that the tape has a certain tension in the early separation of the transfer drum roller . tape together with cargo runs on rollers . Tape as the drag mechanism , and a loading mechanism , there is no relative movement between the cargo and the tape , the tape running and eliminating the friction cargo . Since built with roller bearings, rolling friction between the tape and rollers, thus greatly reducing the running resistance , thereby reducing power consumption , increasing the transport distance . For a conveyor belt, the size of its traction transmission capacity , the decision of the coefficient of friction between the belt tension on the drive belt drum circumference tape wrap angle and the drive roller . To ensure the belt conveyor belt does not slip on the drive roller , normal operation , to take appropriate measures in the production practice under different circumstances . Improve traction transmission capacity available from the following aspects: increasing tension force ( initial tension ) . Belt Conveyor in operation, the tape to stretch , resulting in decreased traction , so depending on the circumstances , the use of the tape tensioning device properly tensioned belt tension is increased to improve traction. increase the coefficient of friction. The specific measures are: to protect the well -covered wood lining the drive roller or rubber pads to increase the coefficient of friction , on the other hand less water coal, preventing friction coefficient decreases. increase Wai corners . Because mine belt conveyor poor working conditions , the required traction , so many dual drum drive to increase Wai corners . 3 Conveyor 3.1 Technical advantages The first is its reliable operation. In many important production units require continuous operation , such as the transport of coal power plants conveying bulk materials steel mills and cement plants , as well as loading and unloading of ships in the harbor , are using belt conveyors . On these occasions , such as shutdown , the loss is huge. When necessary, the belt conveyor can take a class to a group of continuous work . Conveyor low power consumption . Due to the material and almost no relative movement of the conveyor belt , not only the running resistance is small ( about 1/3-1/5 scraper conveyor ) , but also for cargo wear and crushing are small , high productivity . These are conducive to lower production costs. Transport conveyor line adaptable and flexible. Line length according to the need. As short as a few meters , length up to 10km or more. Can be installed in a small tunnel above the ground can also be set up in the traffic chaos and danger areas. According to process requirements , can be very flexible conveyor from the feed point or points by . You can also multi-point or a few sections to discharge . When both the feed ( coal preparation plant conveyor position under ) or at several points along the length direction of the conveyor belt according to any point on the conveyor through the feed device to a uniform feed conveyor , belt conveyor machine has become a major transport trunk . You can stockpile conveyor roadway below reclaimer at coal storage field , when needed , but also the various different materials mixed heap . Material may be simply discharged from the head of the conveyor , can also be moved or plow unloader unloading vehicle longitudinal direction at any point of the discharge conveyor . 3.2 Design Points 1, the working environment , conditions and conditions Need to consider the time of day operation , the operating frequency , the service life of the belt conveyor , feeding and unloading methods . Work environment conditions : ambient temperature, outdoor or indoor , environmental requirements, mobile or fixed , telescopic requirements. 2 , transmission lines and conveyor problems Requires detailed consideration of the size of the transfer line , comprising: a tilt angle , the maximum length , lifting height ； straight segment , the size of the curve segment ； connection size. Conveyor belt: the maximum sag requirements simulation of friction coefficient , friction coefficient, the safety factor. 3 , the nature and amount of material transported The specific nature of the materials to be considered , including : bulk density , angle of repose , the material particle size , the largest block , the humidity of the material , abrasion resistance, adhesion and coefficient of friction material. Throughput throughput , even when the material flow can be directly reached , when the material can be considered given the uneven flow of basic statistical data material flows. 4 Palletizer 4.1 Control System The main control components, including programmable controllers, variable speed controller , proximity switches , buttons, switches and terminals , are using top quality products to ensure the system hardware reliability and long life. High- quality hardwa