西安交大工程硕士英语词汇练习.doc

Vocabulary ExercisesExercise 1Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences: there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway:A vanishedB scatteredC abandonedD rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C.Sample AnswerA B D1.The country needs a _ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.A stationaryB changelessC constantD stableA not capable of being moved; fixed. 静止的;不能被移动的；固定的B unchanging; constant.不变的；永恒不变的C continually occurring; persistent.持续的：连续发生的；持续不断的D consistently dependable. 稳定的2.When Nicky _ someone the way hes taken to you, hes your friend for life.A takes inB takes upC takes toD takes on A 接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗 e.g. 1) To understand: 理解：I couldnt take in the meaning of the word. 我不能够理解这个词的含义2）To deceive or swindle: 欺骗，诱骗： I was taken in by a confidence artist. 我被一名骗人的行家给骗了。 B 1) To use up, consume, or occupy: 用尽，耗掉或占用：e.g. 1) The extra duties took up most of my time. 额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间2) To develop an interest in or devotion to: 喜欢，钟爱：对产生了兴趣或钟爱：1) take up mountain climbing.喜欢上登山运动3) To enter into (a profession or business): 开始从事（一项职业或行当）：1) took up engineering. 干起了工程设计这一行 C to become fond of or attached to: 喜爱，亲近：喜欢上或和变得亲近： to develop as a habit or a steady practice: 养成习惯，沉于：有了的习惯或开始持续地做：1）“Two keen minds that they are, they took to each other”(Jack Kerouac) “越敏锐的两颗心，越容易互相吸引”(杰克凯鲁亚克)2) take to drink. 染上了酗酒的恶习 D 呈现3.A car from the army base at Aldershot has been stolen together with military documents described as _.A sensitiveB sensibleC touchedD impressive A敏感的 e.g. 1) sensitive skin.敏感性的皮肤2) film that is sensitive to light.易感光的胶片 B 有感觉的, 明智的 e.g. 1) a sensible person; 通情达理的人； 2) a sensible choice. 明智的抉择注：（同根词）：sense; nonsense; sensor; C 情绪激动的; 有些疯癫的 D 给人深刻印象的, 感人的1) an impressive Olympic Games 给人深刻印象的奥林匹克运动会注：（同根词）：press; compress; compressor; depresss4. She was taken to hospital after being _ in an icy river for 45 minutes.A submittedB submergedC subjectedD subordinated A (使)服从, (使)顺从, 提交, 递交 e.g. 1) I submitted my papers to the examiner.我把试卷交给主考老师。2) I hope you can submit you term papers before the deadline. 我希望你们能在最后限期之前交上你们的学期论文。注：（同根词）：admit B 淹没, 浸没e.g. 1) be submerged in the mighty torrent of history 为历史洪流所淹没2) His talent was submerged by his shyness. 他的才华为其羞怯所遮覆。注：（同根词）：emerge: 显现, 浮现 (e- = out 出来，外 + merge 没入水里。该词“由露出水面”引申为出现)e.g. 1) The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面露出来。2) The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云后出现。3) Advanced figures are emerging in multitude in this era of ours. 在我们这个时代先进人物正在大量地涌现出来。 C 易于的；倾向于的：e.g 1) a child who is subject to colds. 易于感冒的孩子2) a directive that could be subject to misinterpretation.易于被误解的命令 D 下次级的; 从属的;5.It has been so cold in the region that farming has been _ most of the time.A in questionB beyond questionC without questionD out of the question A in question 在考虑中的；在议论中的 B beyond question 无可争辩 C without question = out of question毫无疑问 D out of the question: impossible(不值得考虑；不可能)e.g. 1) Starting over is out of the question. 从头开始是不可能的6.John says that his present job does not provide him with enough _ for his organizing abilityA extensionB scopeC rangeD space A 延长, 扩充, 范围 B 范围，范畴， 领域 （机会，余地：发挥能力的余地或机会） C 范围 D 范围；场所，处所辨析：都含“某事所能做的或所包括的范围”的意思。range 指“运用心、眼、机器、力量等所能概括的整个范围”, 如: the range of his knowledge 他的知识面。scope 指“活动、影响等的范围”, 特指“了解、见解、适用性以外的范围”,如: It is within my scope. 那是在我的范围之内。7.Nevertheless the FAA (Federal Aviation Authority) reached its conclusions on the efficiency of Decca as a navigation aid solely _ results obtained from this low-powered installation.A on the point ofB in the case ofC on the basis ofD in case ofA on the point of adv. 正要.的时候B in the case of adv. 在.的情况C on the basis of prep. 以.为基础D in case of: adv. (If there should happen to be) 如果发生：e.g. a number to call in case of emergency. 万一发生意外打的号码8.So far as we know, students who are encouraged to study at home will improve their classroom _.A destinationB attitudeC circumstancesD performance A 目的地 B 态度 C 环境, 详情, 境况 D 行为, 成绩，履行, 执行, 表演, 演奏9._ species are animals that are in danger of dying out completely, often because of exploitation by humans.A DangerousB EndangeredC FuriousD HazardedA 危险的B faced with the danger of extinction: 濒临灭绝的：面临绝种的危险的e.g. an endangered species; an endangered culture. 濒临绝种的生物种类；濒临绝传的文化C 狂怒的, 狂暴的D (A chance of being injured or harmed; danger) 意外，危险：受伤或受损的可能性；危险：10.The instruction manual that came with my new computer was not very _ about how to operate it.A enlighteningB distractingC confusingD amusing A 启发, 启蒙 B （常与from连用）使注意力转移；使分心e.g. 1) The noise in the street distracted me from my reading. 街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。2) The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom. 教室外边的喧闹声使学生们不能集中注意力。 注：attract; attractive; contract; tractorC 使迷惑 D 有趣的; 逗乐的11.I have a very _ arrangement with my employer so I can work whatever hours suit meA varyingB changingC flexibleD moveable 12.Launching a new product onto the market is a highly complicated business, and careful planning is _.A called forB called onC called atD called in A to require; demand: 要求；需要：e.g 1) work that calls for patience. 需要耐心的工作 B 拜访;号召；呼吁 2) Ill call on him tomorrow. 明天我去拜访他。 C 访问; 拜访; 停泊 D 召集, 召来, 来访13.Dont worry, hell do it, but he might take a long time to get round to it.A latelyB eventuallyC finallyD hastily 14.The audience waited in _ silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes for the figures he could not remember.A respectiveB respectedC respectfulD respectable A 分别的, 各自的 B 受尊敬的 C 恭敬的；有礼貌的；尊重人的；表示敬意的e.g. 1) respectful silence 礼貌地保持安静 D 可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的 1) a respectable teacher 一位可敬的老师2) a respectable appearance 体面的外表3) He is too respectable for my taste. 那个人太高雅了, 我不喜欢。15.I trust this information will remain strictly _. I dont want the newspapers to get hold of it.A confidentialB specialC individualD secretive A 机密的；秘密的e.g. 1) a confidential order 密令 D 秘密的, 偷偷摸摸的 16.The workmen made so much _ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.A damageB nuisanceC messD destruction17.The table was large and heavy; in fact it was so _ that it could not be moved.A extraordinaryB massiveC plentifulD excessive A Beyond what is ordinary or usual: 非凡的：超出一般或平常的 B Consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid: 大而重的e.g 1) a massive piece of furniture. 一件大而重的家具 C Existing in great quantity or ample supply. 丰富的，富裕的：大量存在或充足供应的 D Exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit. 过多的, 过分的18.International football matches do not always _ better understanding between countries.A bring outB draw upC get byD make for A 推出，出版e.g. 1) bring out a new book.出版一本新书 B 草拟；拟订1) draw up a contract; draw up a list. 拟订合同；写出一张清单C 勉强通过1) He just got by in high school. 他中学勉强毕业 D To help promote; further (帮助提升；推进)1) makes for better communication. 促进更好的交流19.He said something to the _ that he would have to change jobs if the situation continued.A effectB efficiencyC factD practice 20.To many young people, the church seems outdated and _ to modern times.A detachedB exceptionalC dependableD irrelevant A separated; disconnected (分离的，分开的：分开的；不连续的)e.g. 1) a detached part: 分开的部分;2) a detached plug: 拔下的插头 B well above average; extraordinary (杰出的，非凡的：超出平均很多的；非凡的)1) an exceptional memory.非凡的记忆力 D irrelevant adj. 不恰当的, 无关系的, 离题的e.g 1) A question about arithmetic is irrelevant in a music lesson. 在音乐课上, 一个数学的问题是风马牛不相及的。 Exercise 2Directions as for Exercise 1.1.It was only when we couldnt see that island that we realized wed been off _ days.A directionB orientationC routeD course辨析：route 和courseroute的含义是“路线”，通常是迂回的，可以包括数条道路或街道，有时甚至包括小路、小巷。使用范围也较广。如：登山运动员所攀登的路线，实际上不是路；其它方面，如公共汽车所行经的“路线”，邮递员发送邮件的“路线”等1) Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, 现代登山运动员力图从那些能给他们带来大量运动的路线登山2) That postman is in charge of this route. 那个邮递员负责这条投递线路。3) This bus route covers a large number of streets.这路公共汽车行经许多街道。course通常表示船的“航道”或飞机的“航线”，有时表示自然的或时间的“进程”，有时表示有始有终的“进程”，有时表示循环往复的进程1) When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. 不久前，有架轻便客机飞出了航线，在山区坠落了，飞行员丧生了。2) Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history. 在1925年前后，如果把二三十页的情报交给任何一个世界强国，都会改变世界历史的进程。2.He _ to the warm welcome given him by sending the general a silver tray.A respondedB repliedC answeredD appealed A （常与to连用）To react positively or favorably: 作出反应，响应(积极的或令人喜悦地反应)e.g. 1) The patient has responded rapidly to the treatment. 病人在治疗后立刻有起色 B 答复; 回答1) I dont know what to reply. 我不知道该回答什么。D （常与to连用）呼吁；恳求; 吸引；引起兴趣e.g 1) The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。2) The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer. 谋杀案的被害家属已经请求最高法院作确切的答复。3) She appeals to me. 我对她感兴趣。4) Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you? 你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作?3.Im sure that most athletes will _ of the new rules on drug testingA agreeB complyC consentD approve A agree with sb. / agree on sth B comply with 同意， 答应； 遵守， 服从e.g. 1) The patient complied with the physicians orders. 病人遵从医生的嘱咐 C （常与of连用）赞成, 同意 (对另一个人的建议等表示赞同) D （常与of连用）To consider right or good; think or speak favorably of. 赞成 (认为是正确的或好的).e.g. 1) I dont approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。2) I dont approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。4.The 1960s saw a change in the form and content of movie treating subjects that, for many years, were considered _.A prohibitedB confinedC opposedD denied5.In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _ exercise.A healthyB healthfulC beneficialD profitable A 健康的（拥有良好的健康状况） B 有助于健康的；有益健康的e.g. 1) a healthful diet 保健饮食2) healthful air at seaside 海边有益于健康的空气3) healthful exercise 健身运动.辨析 healthful healthy“healthful”作“增进健康的，有益于健康的”解，如“a healthful climate”，“a healthful diet”，“healthful recreation”，“healthful surroundings”，“the healthful air at the seaside”，“healthful food”等。 “healthy”的意思是“健康的，健壮的”，如“a healthy child”，“a healthy body”，“a healthy tree”。“healthy”作“有益于健康的”现在主要用于英国，如“healthy food”，“a healthful climate”。6.Not _ with having upset my parents with his rudeness he then went and insulted my sister!A satisfactoryB satisfyingC contentDI contending C content to do sth./ content with sth. 满意 D 斗争, 竞争, 主张7.He was still a leading member of the local organization, much _ experience.A looked down onB looked back onC looked forward toD looked up to A look down on v.轻视, 看不起 B look back on v. 回忆 C look forward to v. 盼望；期待： D looked up to v. 尊敬8._ there was no theoretical upper limit but only the practical one set by the limitation on the materials of construction.A In caseB In factC In sequenceD In truth B in sequence 顺次, 挨次D in truth = really9.Every 15 minutes, the sun delivers to the earth enough radiant energy to meet all of mans power needs for a(n) _ year.A fullB entireC solarD normal A full = whole or complete 完整的，完全的10.It is quite customary in the United States for students and others to ask for advice about personal matters that in other _ might be considered only within the family.A circumstancesB blocksC culturesD environments11.Every endeavor will be exerted to satisfy your requirements at the earliest date _.A practicableB practicalC timelyD likely A practicable = possible 能实行的, 行得通的, 可以实行的 D likely = probable12.Plants such as garlic and foxgloves were _ thought to have special healing powers.A scarcelyB frequentlyC formallyD formerly13.We just need to _ a few loose ends, and then well be ready to submit our report.A clear awayB clear upC break awayD break up A 清除, 消失 B 整理, 消除, 放晴 C 突然离开, 脱离 D 分裂注：loose ends 零碎材料14.Sarah is very good-looking and I wouldnt mind going out with her if she didnt _ herself so much.A thinkB surpriseC fancyD realize C fancy oneself:自命不凡；自负e.g. 1) He really fancies himself as a dancer! 他确实以为他是了不起的演员。15._ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.A By the wayB In a wayC In the wayD On the wayA by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起 .B in a way 在某种程度上C in the way 挡道D on the way 在途中16.Do you think a wife should _her habit and tastes to those of her husband?A complyB confirmC consentD conform D 遵守， 符合（to， with）e.g. 1) conform to the customs of society 遵守社会习俗2) conform with the regulations 遵守规章17.Mr. Smith took part in a small _ to photograph wild animals in Africa.A expeditionB excursionC executionD exploration A 远征，考察 (为特定目标而进行的团体旅行或考察)e.g. 1) an expedition to find the beginning of the Changjiang River 一次寻找长江源头的探险 B 远足, 游览, 参观 C 实行, 完成, 执行, 死刑 D 探测，探究：探索的行为或事实：e.g. 1) Arctic exploration; exploration of new theories. 北极探险；新理论的探索18.Anyone who was _ or tried to be individualistic was ignored or ridiculed.A out of touchB out of stepC out of fashionD out of practice A out of touch 不联系，失去联系 B out of step 步调不一致C out of fashion 不流行D out of practice 荒疏, 久不练习19.I was amazed to see one of those old signs in the hotel lavatories saying Please _ your dress before leaving.A alterB shapeC changeD adjust A alter = change 20. Opposite us was seated a person whom at first we _ a commercial traveler.A took onB took toC took forD took after A To consider mistakenly (误认为)e.g. Dont take silence for approval. 不要把沉默误认为是同意 B To resemble in appearance, temperament, or character.(相象：在相貌、脾气或性格上相似)Exercise 31.A jet plane is an important means for transportation, which flies faster than sound. _ it is used for rapid transportation.A ConstantlyB ConsiderablyC ComparativelyD Consequently A 经常地，不断地e.g. 1) The area was constantly hit by drought. 这地区经常遭到旱灾。2) His report was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的报告频频为掌声所打断。 B 相当地 C 比较地；比较地说起来e.g 1) Man is a comparatively new creature on the surface of the earth. 人类是地球上出现得比较晚的一种生物。 D 结果；因此 (as a result; therefore.)2.She asked for _ classes at home because she thought she would learn English more quickly that way. A peculiarB particularC privateD personal A 特有的；独具的(Distinct from all others) e.g. 1) Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类特有的。2) This book has a peculiar value. 这本书有特殊的价值。3) It is peculiar and unique. 这不但是特殊的, 独一无二的。4) This style of cooking is peculiar to the South-Eastern provinces. 这种烹调方法是东南几省的特色。 B 1) 值得注意的；特别的；不寻常的e.g. 1) There was nothing in the letter of particular importance. 这封信里没什么特别重要的内容。2) The story happened on that particular day. 故事就发生在那一天。2) 独特的；单独的；某一种的e.g. 1) ones particular interests 个人特有的兴趣2) I dont like this particular scarf, but the others are quite nice. 我不喜欢的就是这一种围巾,其他的都很好。3) 难以取悦的；考究的；挑剔的e.g. 1) Im not particular about my clothes; I dont mind what I wear. 我不怎么讲究我的衣服，我不在乎我穿什么。2) He is very particular about his food. 他吃东西很讲究/挑剔。C 私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的e.g. 1) private property 私有财产2) private ownership 私有制3) private teacher 家庭私人教师D 私人的, 个人的, 亲自的3. Now that we have a higher family_ well be able to move to a bigger house.A wageB incomeC earningD salary A 工资(为劳动或服务伏给一个工人的报酬，尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量) B 收入(用一段时间的劳力或服务而换得的金钱收益或同等收益) C 所赚的钱, 收入 D 薪水, 薪俸, 薪金注：(salary指公职人员、职员等拿按年、按月或按周计算的“年薪”、“月薪”或“周薪”; 工人等拿的“工资”叫做 wages, 一般按日、按时或按件计算)4.If one does not _ his dry-cleaning within thirty days, the laundry management is not obligated to return it.A pick upB pick outC hold upD hold out A pick up 1) To take up (something) by hand: 拿起：用手拿起（某物）：e.g. 1) pick up a book. 捡起一本书2) To collect or gather: 收集或聚集：e.g. 1) picked up the broken pieces of glass. 拾起玻璃碎片3) To tidy up: 整理，收拾：e.g. 1) Lets pick up the living room. 我们收拾一下卧室吧4) To take on (passengers or freight, for example): 承载（客人，货物等）：e.g. 1)