栽培部分专业术语.doc

栽培部分专业词汇metabolism: 代谢1. macronutrient: 大量元素include: calcium (Ca), magnesium(Mg), potassium(K), sulphur(S), phosphorus(P)micronutrient: 微量元素include: copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), zine(Zn)2. nutrient: nutrient deficiency 营养不足nutrient enrichment 营养物富集nutrient distribution 养分分配dry matter distribution 干物质分配4. concentration : content 含量protein concentrationnutrient concentration5. an experiment.was performed (carried out) under field conditions6. spike: 穗spikelet: 小穗apical spikelet 顶小穗7. cultivar: variety, 品种genotype: 基因型8. hexaploid: 六倍体（本文指硬粒小麦与节节麦杂交而获得的）9. sowing date: sowing time: 播种期 sowing rate: 播量 sowing width: 播幅10. dynamic: 动态11. grain filling period/stage: 籽粒灌浆期Seedling stage 幼苗期wintering (winter-surviving) period/stage 越冬期re-growth stage 返青期jointing 拔节booting 孕穗heading 抽穗anthesis post-anthesis /pro-anthesisstage of full bloom 盛花期maturity (ripeness) 成熟stage of maturity 成熟期stage of ripeness 成熟阶段stage of milky ripeness 乳熟期stage of waxy ripeness 蜡熟期stage of complete (dead) ripeness 完熟期winter habit 冬性winter hardiness 抗寒性,耐寒性winter resistance winter survival (植物)越冬性,越冬存活率12. rachis: 花序轴, 穗轴13. reduction: decrease, drop, decline下降 Increase, enhance, improve, add 14. malnutrition: 营养缺乏15. staple: 主要作物, 主要成分staple crop: 主要作物staple vegetables: 主要蔬菜, 大宗蔬菜staple food: 主要食物16. bioavailability: 生物利用率, 生物有效度17. calorie: 能量 calorie intake18. biomass:生物量19. dilution: 稀释20. distal: 远端的,末稍的 proximal: 近端的21. impact(on): 影响 influence (on)affect(on)effect (on)22. dwarf: 矮秆 semidwarf 半矮秆23. isogenic: 同基因的 isogenic line: 同(等)基因品系24. floret: 小花25. association: 关系 be associated with26. release: 释放, 发布27. linear relationship between. and 线性相关 be closely related with 与密切相关28. partition: subdivide, distribute29. T. aestivum: 普通小麦 T. durum: 硬粒小麦,杜伦小麦 T. tauschii: 节节麦30. factorial combination: 因子结合的(复因子)31. phenology: 物侯学32. split-plot design: 裂区设计main plot: 主区subplot: 副区33. replication: 重复34. powdery mildew: 白粉病35. aphid: 蚜虫36. main-shoot spike: 主茎穗37. tag: 挂牌 label38. analyses of variance: 方差分析39. fertile spikelet: 可孕小穗 abortive spikelet 败孕小穗 40. interaction: 互作41. symmetrical: balanced, even, uniform 均匀的42. magnitude: 大小,数量43. kinetics: 动力学44. deposition: 沉积45. unload: 卸载46. crop cycle: growing period 作物生长期47. criteria: 判断标准48. vertical, horizontal49. rachilla: 小穗轴, 小花轴50. two-rowed barley: 二棱大麦51. high yielding wheat cultivars: 高产小麦品种52. phloem: 韧皮部53. xylem: 木质部54. implication: 暗示55. grain set: 结实状况, fruit set 座果56. inherent: 内在的, 固有的57. Consequence: consequence is the result of something you do. For example: Everything good and bad has consequence. 58. positive, negative 正/负 Positive /negative association (correlation) between and be positively/negatively correlated with.Influence of Genotype, Environment, and Nitrogen Management on Spring Wheat Quality基因型,环境及氮素管理对春小麦品质的影响. Words, Phrases and Their Expressions1. influence (on): 影响affect(on): impact(on): effect (n.)2. genotype: 基因型,品种 cultivar: 品种 variety: 品种3. nitrogen: 氮 nitrogen application: 氮肥施用nitrogen fertilizer: 氮素肥料 nitrogen status: 氮素状况 nitrogen excess: 氮(素)过量nitrogen deficiency: 缺氮,氮缺乏4. quality: 品质, quality traits/characteristics 品质性状Include: grain/flour protein concentration gluten strength: 面筋强度flour ash: 面粉灰份test weight: 容重hardness: 硬度loaf volume: 面包体积noodle color: 面条颜色water absorption: 吸水率viscosity: 粘度 peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, setbackstarchamyloseamylopectin5. spring wheat, winter wheat: 春小麦.冬小麦 hard (spring) wheat: :硬粒小麦 soft (spring) wheat: 软小麦6. end-use: include bread, Chinese bread, pan, cake, noodle, et al7. gluten: 面筋 gluten strength: 面筋强度 strong-gluten wheat cultivars: 强筋小麦品种moderate gluten wheat cultivars: 中筋小麦品种 weak-gluten wheat cultivars: 弱筋小麦品种8. semiarid: 半(干)旱的arid region /area: area with less rainfall expectationarid farming: 旱作 farmed without any irrigationarid land: 旱地9. diversification: with different kinds of10. starch granule: 淀粉粒11. deployment: spread out12. pigment: pigmentation 着色13. manipulate: 管理manage, handle, operatesuperior noodle traits14. be negatively/positively correlated/associated withbe negatively/positively associated withbe related to15. be attributed to: 16. assess: evaluate17. null: 无效的, 等于零的18. allele 等位基因19. locus: 地点, 所在地20. amylase: 直链淀粉21. split-plot design/arrangement: 裂区设计main-plotsubplotrandomized complete-block design 完全随机区组设计22. analysis of variance: 方差分析correlation analysis: 相关分析independent variable: 独立变量（自变量）dependent variable：依变量regression analysis：回归分析linear correlation coefficient：线性相关系数linear regression coefficient ：线性回归系数statistical analysis：统计分析test of significance：显著性检验mill optimal: 最佳的23. row spacing: 行距between-row spacingseeding rate: 种植密度24. subsample: 25. determine: measure, calculate26. near-infrared analyzer: 近红外分析仪27. calibrate: 校准28. combustion: burning29. protocol: method, agreement 草约,调查书30. mixograph: miksou 面粉调混性自动记录仪31. texture profile： 结构特征noodle texture characteristics : such as springiness(弹性), cohesiveness(粘结性), adhesiveness(粘附性), hardness(硬度), and chewiness(咀嚼性)32. suspension: 悬浮33. gelatinzation: 凝胶34. rain-fed: moisture limited, no irrigated,35. be pronounced: be significant1. row spacing distance between rows 行距, 垄宽seed spacing: average distance between rows within a row 株距2. seeding rate 种植密度seed rate 播种率seed sowing 播种seed spacing 株距3. kernel 籽粒 part of seed, inner part of a nut of fruit-stonegrain spike4. tillering tiller 分蘖,新芽tillering ability 分蘖力tillering node 分蘖节tillering stage 分蘖期文中: to stimulate fall and spring tillering5. additional index words: key words6. yield components产量构成因素, include grain number per spike, spike number and 1000-grain wt7. plant densityplanting density 种植密度seeding density8. interplant v. 实行套种,在间套种interplanting n. 间作9. review1) consider or examine again, go over again in the mind2) inspect formally3) write an account of for 为写评论10. rectangularity矩形,长方形11. uniform 均匀的12. planting pattern 种植方式planting area 种植面积 planting bed 种植床/带 planting depth 播种深度planting in narrow and wide rows alternately 宽窄行种植planting scheme 种植计划 planting season 种植期planting system 种植制度13. root zone root region 根区,根系分布区root extension 根系伸展root hair 根毛root absorption 根系吸收 root crop 块根作物root system 根系root tip 根尖root-top ratio 根冠比primary root 初生根secondary root 次生根14. overlap partly cover by extending beyond one edge15. morphological morphology physiology/physiological16. mutual shared, exchanged eaually17. upright-leaf 上举叶 upright-leaved 叶片上举的18. lax-leaf 披垂叶19. plasticity 可塑性, 适应性20. erratic uncertain in movement, irrigular21. aggregation 集合体,聚合22. multi-culm 多秆 uniculm 空心秆23. check 对照check cultivar check plantcheck plot check sample check experiment24. mask25. silt 淤泥,淤沙 silty adj.26. sod 草地27. mesic28. disc,disk29. preceding oat 前茬30. drill n. 播种机 v. 条播31. top-dress 表施32. factorial 因子的,阶乘的33. randomized complete-block design完全随机区组设计34. advanced breeding line35 versus erect versus spreading habit36. thresh 打麦 beat the grain out of wheat37. trim38. seedling/plant establishment39. pool into the error40. cloddy41. multi-floret42. at the 0.05 probability: 0.05 的水平上43. tiller survival44. optimum45. be detrimental to46. progeny51. heat stress 热胁迫,高温胁迫high-temperature stress heat shock 2. maize 玉米 corn 3. endosperm 胚乳 embryo 胚, 子房4. be detrimental to/for 对有害,不利于5. dry matter accumulation 干物质积累6. cell division 细胞分裂disruption of cell division 破坏细胞分裂cell wall 细胞壁, cell nucleus 细胞核 cell membrane 细胞膜cell multiplication 细胞增殖7. metabolism 代谢 sugar metabolism 糖代谢8. starch biosynthesis 淀粉生物合成9. mechanism 机制 10. alter 改变11. maize ear 玉米12.pollination 受精,受粉 5 d after pollination 受粉(精) 5天之后13. solubility 溶液, 溶解性14. zein 玉米醇溶蛋白,玉米蛋白Glutelin 谷蛋白 Albumin 清蛋白Globulin球蛋白 Prolamin 醇溶蛋白15. methionine 蛋氨酸,甲硫氨酸16. degradation 降解 synthesis 合成17. fluctuation 波动18. lag phase 滞留期,停滞期 lag phase of growth 延迟生长期19. cytokinin 玉米素,细胞分裂素20. ADPG glucose pyrophosphorylase ADPG 葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶21. soluble starch synthase 可溶性淀粉合成酶22. at later developmental stage 发育后期 at early developmental stage 发育早期23 enzyme 酶24. be susceptible to 易受影响的,易得病的 be susceptible to damage 易受伤害She is susceptible to cold. 她易感冒.He is susceptible to suggestions. 他没有主见be sensitive to 25. cereal 谷类 include wheat, maize, rice, barley et al. 26. desiccation 干燥27. category 种类, 类别28. molecular 分子molecular weight 分子量kDa 千 道尔顿(Dalton)29. amino acid 氨基酸 30. extract 提取31. aleurone layer 糊粉层32. scutellum 盾片,角质鳞片 33. incorporation 结合Materials and methods34. silt loam soil 淤积肥土35. inbred 近交(自交)系hybrid 杂交种36. amenable 顺从的,服从的, 可接受的, 可处理的,可解决的37. in vitro culture/ in vitro: 体外的,人工的study)in vivo: 体