浅谈听力和阅读存在的问题和解决方法.doc

英语专业导论课程论文(2013级)论文题目 浅谈听力和阅读存在的问题和解决方法二级学院专业 外国语学院英语师范学号班级 13英语师范2班4130611206作者姓名指导老师 王洁 王燕完稿时间 2013.11.28 成 绩 浅谈听力和阅读存在的问题和解决方法王洁摘要：随着经济的发展，英语的作用越来越重要。英语作为我们的第二语言，是迈向世界，与国际接轨的重要纽带。英语的应用无处不在，我们已经身处在一个开口就是英语的时代和地方。英语的好坏不仅表现在口语上，还表现在笔试上。所以如何在英语考试中取得高分，这就涉及到了听力，阅读，作文这三大部分。听、说、读、写，这四种方法同为重要。本文选取了两部分进行讨论，即听力，阅读，这两部分的内容存在许多的探讨，本次进行一个宽泛的讨论。关键词：听力；阅读；问题；方法Abstract:With the development of economy ,the role of English is more and more important.As our second language ,English is moving towards the word,in line with international standards of important link.The application of English is everywhere,we have been in an age of it is in English and the local.Depends not only on the oral English,but also on the written test.So how to get high marks in the English exam，it involves listening,reading,writing this three parts.This article has launched the preliminary discussion of the three aspects.Key words:Listening;Reading;problem;methods如何在英语考试中取的高分一 听力问题及方法1,1语言方面在听力中往往会遇到这些数字，日期，年份，电话号码，房间号，住址等的对话，往往会听不出或者是听错。所以我们要熟知这些的表达方法，例如，年份用基数词，日期用序数词1988年5月1日可以写作 May 1(st),1988，读作May the first,nineteen eighty-eight；也可以写作1(st)May,1988,读作the first of May,nineteen eighty-eight在听力中往往会对于停顿，连读，失音，弱读，混同等语音规则的不了解，有些单词读的很轻，我们的词汇量还很匮乏，词义理解的也不够，英美发音的区别，听不出对话中的人物在讲什么，导致失分1.2记忆方面在听力中记忆很重要，因为听力的对话与对话之间的时间间隔很短，这就需要很好的记忆力。在听一段对话是，不仅要听清楚讲的是什么，更要记住它，为了方便做题。当我们错过一题的时候，千万不要紧张，直接调整好状态进入下一题1.3解决方法对于语言方面的问题，首先要熟知数字，日期，年份，电话号码，房间号，地址等的表达方式，然后记住这些表达方式，多听听力，区分美式和英式的的发音英语和美语在读音上的差异主要反映在元音字母a, o 和辅音字母r 的不同读音上。 （1）.英国英语中r只在接续元音时发音,音节末尾的r不发生r音化.这是英国英语与美国英语的决定性区别.cark/krhardhd/hrdbornbn/brnwaterwt/wr但在for a long time等情况下,英国英语中的r也会与后接的元音发生连诵在英国,经常可见在词尾的元音和下一个单词词头的元音之间插入r的情况:America isAmerica-ris（2）.英国英语中,askbathchance等词中的a发非圆唇后舌宽元音.美国英语中这些词中的a发非圆唇前舌半窄宽元音（3）.英国英语中stophot等词中的o发圆唇后舌宽元音,美国英语中则发非圆唇后舌宽元音stop的发音为stp(美)/stp(英)（4）.英国英语中better等元音之间或非重读音节中的/t/和border等元音之间或非重读音节中的/d/比美国英语中发音更清晰.美国英语中,这两个音发为齿龈弹音(接近于r的音)（5）.英国英语bluntness等词中的/t/,loudness等词中的/d/发为声门破裂音(喉塞音),而美国英语中按照拼写方式发出（6）.英国英语中/ou/发为或,而美国英语中发为o（7).英国英语中new发为nju,tune发为tjun,而美国英语中经常读作nu,tun多听听VOA和普特网，听听力时记忆力要集中，错过一题就直接放弃，不要过多的纠结与上一题，反而错过了其他的题目。二 阅读问题及方法2.1看错题。阅读题目时未看清题干中要求的是不正确或是不包括的一项，选项中的否定词不注意。2.2 主观印象。少数可以通过主观印象判断，而绝大部分则需要与原文相对应。2.3 在阅读理解中，有些文章比较偏向政治或科学类或哲学类，在理解上有难度2.4 时间上掌握不好，有些文章篇幅较大花费的时间仍就没有选出正确的答案2.5 解决方法(1) .扩大英语词汇量。记住新单词，通过音标记发音，记拼写，通过例子记单词的意思。了解单词的词性，用法，搭配等。高考英语阅读理解试题从体裁上看,有记叙文、说明文和新闻、广告等应用文;从题材上看,主要包括时事新闻类、科普知识类、文化教育类、广告宣传类、史地常识类、人物故事类、社会习俗类、环境保护类等内容,题材多样化,突出生活性与时代性。基本把握所读材料的中心思想、主要事实、主要逻辑线索、时间和空间顺序;能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点;能根据已知事实推断出内容。（江西教育2011年第09期 曾艳兰）对看看英文电影，小说，歌曲等都是不错的选择。(2) 对于主旨大意类。这可以分为标题类和中心类。快速的通读全文，对文章有一个大致的了解。分析文章的结构找出文章的线索，抓住中心句和关键词。可以寻找文章中出现频率高的单词或句子。看选项中是否有与文章不相符合的地方，不能以偏概全。要与主题时刻紧密的联系在一起，不可片面化。（3） 对于细节理解题。首先要找到这句话相对应的段落，关键是要联系上下文，从上下文中理解，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据的排除干扰项，选出正确答案。注重逻辑，关联词的使用。如因果关系：because in that for therefore thus accordingly consequently given thereby due to hence so that soas to ifthen as a result result in give rise to whenthen as long as.转折关系 although at the same time despite even if even though however in spite of instead nevertheless on the contrary otherwise regardless of still though while yet 则要着重注意关联词后的内容，切忌主观臆断望文生义（4） 对于猜测词义题。看到一个词，先在自己的词汇中进行搜索一番，找到后想想词义看是否符合题意。一般都是新单词，这就要联系上下文。可以先找到词根，前缀或后缀以此推测词义。通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。例如Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements, All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The re-searcher substituted(替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换).Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.（ ）1.The passage is mainly about .A.babiessense of sightB.effects of experiments on babiesC.babiesunderstanding of objectsD.different tests on babiesfeelings（ ）2.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, and object .A.still exists B.keeps its shape C.still stays solid D.is beyond reach（ ）3.What did Bower use in his experiments?A.A chair B.A screen C.A film D.A box（ ）4. 39.Which of the following statements is true?A.The babies didnt have a sense of direction.B.The older babies preferred toy trai