高考英语 艺体生文化课冲刺 专题07 必修4 Unit1Unit2高频词汇分类解读.doc

专题07 必修4 unit1-unit2高频词汇分类解读根据艺体生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修4 unit1unit2词汇基础知识狂背：i.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇111. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现behaviour n行为；表现behave oneself 守规矩behave well/badly (towards sb.)(对)态度/举止好/恶劣wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的be on ones best behaviour 举止规矩2observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制observe christmas (national day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)be under observation 受严密监视escape ones observation 避开某人的注意3respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重in this respect 在这方面in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面in respect of 关于；就而言with respect to 至于；关于；就而言respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事4argue vi. 争论；辩论vt. 争论；说服argument n. 争论；辩论argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue against/for 为反对/为赞成而辩论argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue on. 就辩论argue that. 辩论说5support n&vt. 支持；拥护in support of 支持；赞成；拥护support oneself 自立更生support ones family 养家support ones suggestion 赞同某人的建议support ones opinion 支持某人的想法6refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是refer to.as.把称作/看作in/with reference toin connection with 关于without reference to 与无关，不管7intend vt. 打算；计划intention n. 打算；计划intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend that.从句中谓语形式：(should)dointend.as.be intended as.打算把当做intend.for.be intended for 为打算或设计had intended that/to ended to have done.原本打算做8deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)deliver a speech 发表演说be delivered of a childgive birth to a child 生孩子deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把移交给某人deliver from 使摆脱9struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎n斗争；挣扎struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地10expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈12. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此；所以he was very tired and therefore he fell sound asleep.he was very tired. therefore he fell sound asleep.he was very tired, so he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。13equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n. u装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备14regret v&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是15focus n(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.be fixed on 集中于16reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了17comment vt.评论 n评论，意见，议论ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事no comment. 无可奉告。without comment. 不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对发表意见comment(v.)thatclause评论（2）短语1look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起look about 四下环顾，四处寻找look after 照顾；照料；目送；寻求look for 寻找；期待look forward to 盼望look on 观看；面向；旁观look over 从上面看过去；察看look round 掉头看；环顾，观光look through 透过看去；看穿；审查look up 向上看；查阅2come across(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet.by chance/accident, run across, run into。3carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)carry onwithsth.doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with)carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)4thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因之缘故as a result of 作为的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为5rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使摆脱be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱6be satisfied with 对感到满意be satisfied that. 满意be satisfied to do 乐意干satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足7lead to 通向，导致，致使leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。8keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)使不含(有害物)free from 没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for freefree of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人（3）易混易错点拨1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。 (4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 (1)the cat _ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)the hot weather _ to october.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)as children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。(4)the fire soon _ to the nearby buildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。stretched extended expand spread2. worth/worthy/worthwhile(1)worth只做表语，表示“值钱，值得干”，后跟名词或动名词，不跟不定式。worth常用well修饰，不用very。the book is well worth reading.这书值得一读。(2)worthy 意为“值得的”，除在书面语体中用做定语外，一般用做表语。be worthy 后常接 “of名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式。the place is worthy to be visited/of being visited.这地方值得一游。 (3)worthwhile 的常用句式为 it is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth., it是形式主语，to do/doing 做真正主语，即：做某事是值得的。it is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.参观那地方还是很值得的。用worth, worthy和worthwhile填空(1)her achievements are _ of the highest praise.她的成就值得高度的赞扬。(2)hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is _ going/to go there.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。(3)the problem is _ to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。(4)the new bike is _ 350 yuan.这辆新自行车值350元。(5)he is a teacher _ of great respect.他是位受尊敬的老师。(6)it is _ to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。(7)the picture is _ taking good care of.这幅画值得好好保存。(8)the scheme is well _ a try.这个计划很值得一试。worthy worthwhile worthy worthworthy worthwhile worth worthii.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）unit 1achievement n. 成就；功绩welfare n. 福利；福利事业project n. 项目；工程；规划institute n. 学会；学院；协会specialist n. 专家；专业工作者connection n. 连接；关系human being 人类campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动organization n. 组织；机构；团体behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线move off 离开；起程；出发worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的nest n. 巢；窝bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测childhood n. 童年；幼年时代outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演lead a life 过着的生活crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞support n. & vt. 支持；拥护look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to 查阅；参考；谈到audience n. 观众；听众；读者by chance 碰巧；凑巧come across （偶然）遇见；碰见career n. 事业；生涯rate n. 比率；速度sickness n. 疾病；恶心intend vt. 计划；打算emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况generation n. 一代；一辈determination n. 决心；果断kindness n. 仁慈；好意considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的unit 2statistic n. （常用pl statisitcs）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料sunburnt adj. 晒黑的struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade n. 十年；十年期super adj. 特级的；超级的output n. 产量；输出crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt. & vi. （使）饥饿disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传vietnam n. 越南（东南亚国家）battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗freedom n. 自由；自主therefore adj.因为；所以；因而equip vt. & vi. 配备；装备grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒export vt. & vi. 输出；出口nationality n. 国籍occupation n. 工作；职业；占领confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的production n. 生产；制造bacteria n. （bacterium的复数形式）细菌pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发nutrition n. 营养;滋养；食物mineral n. 矿物；矿石discovery n. 发现；发觉soil n. 土壤reduce vt. 减少；减缩keep free from/of 使免受（影响；害等）；使不含（有害物）root n. 根；根源skim vt. 浏览；略读underline vt. 画底线标出；强调summary n. 总结；摘要；概要comment n. 评论；议论 vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论iii.重点句型背诵1.what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the名词定语从句”。after a hard time they came to what is called america today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。we now live in what is called the information age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。he graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。2.would rather(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。shall we dine out?id rather stay at home.我们要不要出去吃饭？我宁愿留在家里。id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。i would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。he would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。 (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。i would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。i would rather (that) he didnt come.我宁愿他没来。id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。3.only的用法(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。 (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。(3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。 only then did i realize the importance of communication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。only in this way can we improve our english.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。强调句型：it is/was被强调成分that/who其他部分4.强调句型提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语。(2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用 is/was，不用 are/were。(3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用 who；其他情况则用 that。(4)强调 not.until 句型时，要将主句中的 not一起强调。即 it is/was not until.that.(5)is/was it被强调成分that.？为其一般疑问句形式。(6)特殊疑问词is/wasit被强调成分that.？为其特殊疑问句形式。(7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。it is i that/who am going for a holiday with mary.是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假。when is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？it was not until he took off his dark glasses that i realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。it was in this town that he was brought up.他是在这个镇上被养大的。(强调句)it was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)能力提升测一测i单词拼写1devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r_ by all the people in her country.2his first song was _ by the memory of his mother.3the old man came in, with two young men _ his body.4swimming across the lake for the first time is a great a_.respectedinspired supporting achievement5theres a c_ between smoking and heart disease.6jane devoted herself to social _(福利) work.7they work in an art _ (学院)8he is a _ (专家) in history.9do you know about the _ (组织)?10they started a _ (运动) to stop people smoking.connection welfareinstitute specialist organization campaign11they asked so many questions that i got c_.12metals e_ when they are heated.13the people there are fighting to gain their f_ from foreign control.14we are not doing a c_ experiment but a physical one.15india e_ tea and cotton to many different countries.confusedexpand freedom chemical exports16now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high _ (产量)17this kind of food contains all the _ (营养) our body needs.18people in the area were ground down by _ (饥饿) and poverty.19they have sold up ten bottles of _ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.20we should make a _(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.outputnutrition hunger mineral summaryii.短语填空(1)once a decision is reached, it must be firmly _ _.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。(2)she suddenly _ _ an idea.她突然有了个主意。(3)you mustnt _ _ _ the disabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人。(4)he _ _ _ _ at the meeting.他在会上作了重要报告。(5)the lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。(6)i _ the result.我对那个结果很满意。(7)you must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必须