陕西省西安市高考英语冲刺选练4.doc

2015西安市高考英语冲刺选练4阅读理解。once, the paiter-surui tribe(部落)lived a happy life in the heart of the amazon rainforest in brazil. but after the tribes first meeting with westerners several decades ago, they were nearly wiped out; diseases brought by outsiders reduced the suruis numbers from 5, 000 to about 250. today, some 1, 300 tribe people live in 23 villages across 600, 000 acres. though they are as likely to wear t-shirts and jeans as feathered headdresses, the surui are determined to preserve and protect the tribal culture of their homeland. now they are under threat again, from illegal logging and deforestation(滥伐), but this time its different. the surui have put aside their bows and arrows and taken up a new weapon: the internet. the tribe people learned to use the web from their leader, chief almir narayamoga. “we decided to use computers and technology to bring attention to our situation, ”says narayamoga, 36. the first in his tribe to attend college, chief narayamoga learned how to use computers at the federal university of gois in goinia, a city of 1. 2 million. in 2007, he fled the surui homeland after his fight against loggers who placed a $100, 000 reward on his head. he traveled to the united states and paid a visit to google headquarters in california. he came armed with a big idea. narayamogas visit to google was considered a great success. and google sent teams to the amazon to train the surui in using computers, cameras, and smart phones to photograph logging sites, which could be pinpointed using gps technology and then uploaded to google earth. the surui have now mapped the entire reserve and recorded the biodiversity and the rainforest within it. 【文章大意】本文主要讲了巴西土著居民正在利用因特网让世人知道他们的处境, 并开始保护他们的家园。1. what caused the population of the amazon tribe to reduce greatly? a. the change of their lifestyles. b. deforestation. c. diseases. d. fighting. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句可知, 由外来者带来的疾病导致土著人口剧减。2. chief narayamoga fled his homeland because. a. he owed a large debtb. the loggers wanted to kill himc. he wanted to learn computersd. he failed to fight against logging【解析】选b。细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知, 酋长逃离家乡的原因是伐木者悬赏捉拿他并置他于死地。3. what kind of idea did chief narayamoga have after he returned to his homeland? a. he could ask the us government for help. b. he could negotiate with the loggers. c. he could save their land with the internet. d. he could make a map of their land. 【解析】选c。推理判断题。联系文章最后两段可知, 酋长从美国回来, 开始用“谷歌”搜索和全球定位技术来引发世人关注, 从而利用社会舆论来保护自己的家园, 由此可知c项正确。4. what can we learn from the last paragraph? a. deforestation has been stopped in amazon. b. narayamogas efforts are paying off. c. the internet is still something new to the tribe people. d. logging has been stopped due to the use of gps technology. 【解析】选b。推理判断题。文章最后一段说明, 酋长的美国之行获得了成功, 现在土著民族正运用高科技来测量自己的领地, 由此推断, 他们的努力正在获得回报。阅读理解。nearly all of todays native americans in north, central and south america can trace their ancestry to just six women whose descendants（后裔）immigrated around 20,000 years ago, a dna study suggeststhe finding does not mean that only these six women gave rise to migrants who crossed into north america from asia in the earliest population of the continentrather, it suggests that only six left a particular dna legacy that persists to today in about 95% of native americans, said study co-author ugo perego in utah“the women did not necessarily arrive together, nor even all live at the same time,” he saidresults indicate the women arrived sometime between 18,000 and 21,000 years agothe work was published this week by the journal plos oneperego is from the sorenson molecular genealogy foundation in salt lake city and the university of pavia in italythe work confirms the previous indications of just six maternal（母系的）lineages, as well as a date of around 20,000 years ago when the first people in north america arrived after crossing a land bridge from asia, perego saidthe researchers studied mitochondrial （线粒体） dna, which is passed only from mother to daughterthey created a “family tree” that traces the different dna lineages found in todays native americansby noting mutations（突变）in each branch and applying a formula for how often such mutations arise, they calculated how old each branch wasthat indicated when each branch arose in a single womanthe six “founding mothers” obviously did not live in asia because the dna signatures they left behind are not found there, perego saidso they probably lived in beringia, the now-submerged land bridge that stretched to north america, he said6what is the passage mainly about?aa study indicates that women arrived in america around 20,000 years agoba study indicates six women gave rise to migrants of americaca dna study tells about people who crossed into north america from asiada study indicates native americans can trace their ancestry to just six women7which of the following is true about the research?ait shows that dna is passed from parents to daughtersbit concludes that the six women arrived individually but lived at the same timecit is a joint one conducted by salt lake city and an italian universitydit shows that only six women in 95% of present native americans have got a particular dna legacy8which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “lineages”?aclasses bvarieties cfamilies dfindings9what didnt ugo perego and his team do?athey used a “family tree” to analyze the findingsbthey focused on life styles of the original womencthey clarified genetic changes in the family treedthey studied how long each branch had developed10what can we infer from the finding?athe six mothers probably lived on the present islands in north americabmost native americans have got the dna legacy passed from the six womencberingian dna was found in the women who originally immigrated to north americadthe research was not accepted by the previous scientists because of its contradiction【参考答案】610、 d c c b b阅读理解。everyone knows about straight-a studentswe see them frequently in tv situation comedies and in movies like revenge（报复）of the nerdsthey get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a bookthey are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sportshow, then, do we account for domenica roman or paul melendres?roman is on the tennis team at fairmont senior high schoolshe also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics societyfor two years she has maintained as in every subjectmelendres, a freshman at the university of new mexico, was student-body president at valley high school in albuquerquehe played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television stationbeing a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight as in his regular classes, plus bonus points for as in two college-level courseshow do super-achievers like roman and melendres do it? brains arent the only answer“top grades dont always go to the brightest students, ” declares herbert walberg, a professor of education at the university of illinois at chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students“knowing how to make the most of your innate（天生的）abilities counts for moremuch more”in fact, walberg says, students with high iq sometimes dont do as well as classmates with lower iqfor them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get downhard work isnt the whole story, either“its not how long you sit there with the books open, ” said one of the many-a students we interviewed“its what you do while youre sitting” indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmatesthe kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn11the underlined word “nerds” can probably be adull bookworms lacking sports and social skillsbsuccessful top students popular with their peerscstudents with certain learning difficultiesdborn leaders crazy about social activities12what can we conclude from the first paragraph?amost tv programs and films are about straight-a studentsbpeople have unfavorable impression on straight-a studentsceveryone knows about straight-a students from tv or filmsdstraight-a students are well admired by people in the society13some students become super-achievers mainly because athey are born cleverer than othersbthey work longer hours at studycthey make full use of their abilitiesdthey know the shortcut to success14what will be talked about after the last paragraph?athe interviews with more studentsbthe role iq plays in learning wellcthe techniques to be better learnersdthe achievements top students make15what can we infer from the passage?aiq is more important than hard work in studybthe brightest students can never get low gradesctop students certainly achieve all-around developmentsdstudents with average iq can become super-achievers【参考答案】1115、a b c c d（2014陕西卷）假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。 写作要点：1.表示对客人的欢迎；2.介绍此项活动（如活动目的、内容等）；3.表达对客人的祝愿。 写作要求： 1.词数不少于100；2.称呼已经给出，请写欢迎词正文；3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。dear american guests, _【考点】考察提纲类作文【写作指导】本文属于提纲类作文。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动，你作为李华要写一篇欢迎词。所以使用一般现在时，和第一人称。要点：1.表示对客人的欢迎；2.介绍此项活动（如活动目的、内容等）；3.表达对客人的祝愿。本作文中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用