大学英语四六级考试改革方案简介.doc

大学英语四、六级考试改革方案简介为适应我国高等教育新的发展形势，深化教学改革，提高教学质量，满足新时期国家对人才培养的需要，2004年初教育部高教司组织选定制定并在全国部分高校开始试点大学英语课程教学要求（试行）（以下简称教学要求）。教学要求规定，大学英语课程的教学目标是：培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。自教学要求在全国部分院校开始试点以来，广大教师积极参加和关心这次改革，在教学模式、教学手段和教材使用以来，广大教师积极参加和关心这次改革，在教学模式、教学手段和教材使用等各方面做了许多有益的尝试。参加试点的学生也普遍反映新的教学理念和方法大大提高了他们学习英语的兴趣，实现了个性化学习，提高了学习的效率。为此，作为对我国在校大学生英语能力是否达到教学要求的主要鉴定手段的大学英语四、六级考试也必须相应改革，以适应新的形势，使考试更好地为贯彻教学要求服务。在教育部高等司的主持和领导下，大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会经过反复研讨和论证，并广泛听取了大学英语第一线教师和学生的意见，制定了全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）。大学英语四、六级考试是一种为教学服务的标准化考试。因此，考试的方向是在保持考试的科学性、客观性和公正性的同时，使考试最大限度地对大学英语教学产生正面的导向作用，即通过四、六级考试的改革，引导师生正确处理教学与考试的关系，更合理地使用四、六级考试，使考试更好地为教学服务。大学英语四、六级考试改革的目标是更准确地测量我国在校大学生英语综合应用能力的要求。由于大学英语四、六级考试是一个超大规模的标准化考试，因此考试的改革需前瞻性与可行性相结合，分步实施，既有近期改革目标，又有中长期规划。近期内，四、六级考试将采取的重要举措之一是改革计分体制和成绩报道方式。自2005年6月考试起，四、六级考试成绩将采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线；成绩报道方式由考试合格书改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分、单项分等。为使学校理解考试分数的含义并根据各校的实际情况合理使用考试测量的结果，四、六级考试委员会将向学校提供四、六考试分数的解释。在考试内容和形式上，四， 六级考试将加大在听力理解部分题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的比例。试点阶段的四、六级考试由四部分构成：听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解;听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解;听力题材选用对话，讲座，广播电视节目等更具真实性材料。阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分(careful reading)占25%，快速阅读部分(fast reading)占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试;快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。综合测试比例为15%，由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%;第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%。写作能力测试部分比为15%，体裁包括议论文，说明文，应用文等。试点阶段四、六级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占比例如下表所示：试卷构成测试内容测试题型比例第一部分：听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择35长对话多项选择听力短文短文理解多项选择短文听写复合式听写第二部分：阅读理解仔细阅读理解篇章阅读理解多项选择35%篇章词汇理解选词填空快速阅读理解是非判断+句子填空或其他第三部分：完型填空或改错完型填空或改错多项选择15%错误辨认并改正篇章问答或句子翻译简答回答中译英第四部分：写作和翻译写作短文写作15%椐据目前的改革进程，近期内大学英语四、六级考试口语考试仍将与笔试分开实施，继续采用已经实施了五年的面试型的四、六级口语考试(CET-SET)。同时，考委会将积极研究开发计算机化口语测试，以进一步扩大口语考试规模，推动大学英语口语教学。在考务管理方面，2005年6月起教育部考试中心将启用新的四、六级考试(试点)报名和考务管理系统，严格认定考生报名资格，加强对考场组织和考风考纪的管理，切实做好考试保密工作。具体方案将由教育部考试中心在近期内加行公告。由于四、六级考试是一个每年涉及上千万考生的超大规模标准化考试。因此考试内容和形式的改革须经过一定规模的试点，对新试卷的有效性和可行性作出科学的论证，并了解师生的反馈。为此，自2006年1月开始，从参加大学英语教学改革试点学生中试行改革后的四级考试，自2006年6月开始以同等方式试行新的六级考试。初步定于2007年1月全面实施医务工作者后的四级考试，2007年6月全面实施改革后的六级考试。考委会将按照制定新的四、六级考试大纲和样题，并有时向教师和学生公布。任何一项大规模化考试的发展都是一个不断改进和完善的过程。四、六级考试十七年的发展历程也证明了这一点。国家改革开放对我国大学生的英语交际能力不断提出更高的要求，因此，四、六级考试中长期改革任务仍十分艰巨。考试委员会将不断研究开发适合四、六级考试的新题型，研究改革后的四、六级考试对教学的后效;同时，充分利用高科技手段，完善考务管理系统，实现四、六级考试网上阅卷(CET-Online Marking),研究计算机化的四、六级考试(CET-CBT)，争取在一定考生范围内或在某种能力测试中实现四、六级机考。大学英语四、六级考试还将进一步完善其考试系列，更好地适应不同层次学校的需要，更有利于分层管理，分类指导。为此，四、六级考委会将根据对目前国内，国际语言测试理论和实践的研究和分析，制订以中国英语学习者为对象，能与国际接轨的英语语言能力等级量表，以更准确地描述我大学生的英语能力。同时，研究开发入学水平考试(CET-Placement Test),用于测量大学生入学时的英语水平，为学校制定切实可行的教学目标提供依据，并采用“平均级点分”等统计手段，更准确地反映教学的进步幅度，以调动广大师生的教学积极性。此外，考委会还将研究开发高端考试(CET-Advanced Level),用于测试学生是否达到中“更高要求”所规定的英语综合应用能力，即能以英语为工具，直接参与国际学术会议，国际学术交流等。答题卡2（Answer Sheet 2）PartIV Section A Section B PartV47.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 57ABCD 67ABCD 77ABCD48.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 58ABCD 68ABCD 78ABCD49.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 59ABCD 69ABCD 79ABCD50.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 60ABCD 70ABCD 80ABCD 51.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 61ABCD 71ABCD 81ABCD 52.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 62ABCD 72ABCD 82ABCD 53.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 63ABCD 73ABCD 83ABCD 54.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 64ABCD 74ABCD 84ABCD 55.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 65ABCD 75ABCD 85ABCD 56.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 66ABCD 76ABCD 86ABCDPartVI Translation (5 minutes)87.The substance does not dissolve in water (不管是否加热).88.Not only (他向我收费太高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing (与我的相比).90.On average,it is said,visitors spend only (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.91.By contrast,American mothers were more likely (把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.答题卡1（Answer Sheet 1） Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and scanning) (15minutes) 1.Y N NG 2.Y N NG 3.Y N NG 4.Y N NG 5.Y N NG 6.Y N NG 7.Y N NG 8.Typical customers of a landfill are . 9.To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay tipping fee of . 10. Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at .答题卡1（Answer Sheet 1）学校：准考证号姓名：012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789划线要求Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作2. 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么A Campaign Speech 答题卡2（Answer Sheet 2）学校：准考证号姓名：012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789划线要求Part Section A Section B11.A B C D 16.A B C D 21.A B C D 26.A B C D 31.A B C D12.A B C D 17.A B C D 22.A B C D 27.A B C D 32.A B C D13.A B C D 18.A B C D 23.A B C D 28.A B C D 33.A B C D14.A B C D 17.A B C D 24.A B C D 27.A B C D 34.A B C DPart Section C Russia is the largest economic power that is not a member of the World Trade Organization. But that may change. Last Friday, the European Union said it would support Russias (36) to become a W.T.O member. Representative of the European Union met with Russian(37) in Moscow. They signed a trade agreement that took six years to(38) . Russia called the trade agreement(39) .It agreed to slowly increase fuel prices within the country. It also agreed to permit(40) in its communications industry and to remove some barriers to trade. In(41) for European support to join the W.T.O , Russian president Putin said that Russia would speed up the(42) to approve the Kyoto Protocol, and international(43) agreement to reduce the production of harmful industrial gases.(44) . Russia had signed the Kyoto Protocol, but has not yet approved it. The agreement takes effect when it has been approved by nations that produce at least 55 percent of the worlds greenhouse gases.(45) .The United States, the worlds biggest producer, withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol after President Bush took office in 2001. So, Russias approval is required to put the Kyoto Protocol into effect. (46) .Russia must still reach agreement with China, Japan, South Korean and the United States.大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷 (试题册)Part Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly andanswer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in thepassage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in thepassage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in thepassage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of ?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill?There are two ways to bury trash:n Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!)n Landfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. Sanitary landfillland fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environmentThe purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:n the area of land necessary for the landfilln the composition of the underlying soil and bedrockn the flow of surface water over the siten the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlifen the historical value of the proposed site Building the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。1. The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.2. Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.3. Compared with other major Industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.4. Landfills are like compost piles in that they s