理工AB2010年模拟题2.doc

2010年职称英语等级考试理工类A/B级模拟题（第一套）第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1He was revising (B级)what he had written.A) examiningB) improvingC) scanning D) displaying2. I am sorry I must disapprove (B级)your action.A) object to B) put offC) think over D) listen to3. Receiving a college degree is beneficial (B级)for your future. A) essential B) hopefulC) helpful D)influential4.It is liable (B级)to rain.A) reliable B) likelyC) available D) able5. You have to pay for excess (B级)luggage on a plane.A) additional B) largeC) heavy D) huge 6 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress(B级). A) despair B) troubleC) need D) service7His fatness renders (B级)him lazy.A)causes B) remainsC) results D) makes8. His younger brother will become eligible (A级)to vote on his next birthday. A) qualified B) matureC) intelligent D) responsible9Good reading elevates (A级)the mind.A) lifts B) picksC) excites D) entertains10 You startled (A级)me when you shouted. A) threatened B) amazedC) interrupted D) troubled11It is said the houses along this street will soon be demolished(A级). A)pulled downB) pulled upC) pulled offD) pulled in12She tried to probe (A级)my mind and discover what I was thinking. A) solvedB) exploredC) involved D) exploded13 When he called me a thief I promptly(A级) hit him.A) quietly B) gradually C) silently D) immediately14 We shook hands as a token (A级) of our friendship.A) type B) formC) touch D) sign15Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed (A级)to produce electricity.A)changedB) convertedC) used D) guided第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Bill gates: Unleashing your creativityIve always been an optimists and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a PC!” But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death pf a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possible and its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing in all these area in my life. 1. A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned3. Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work” .A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned4. To Bill Gatesmind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned7. Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows but never gets as big as the other droplet and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke. 3. The technique exploits the fact that surface tension - the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating - becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4. Although the amount of energy produced is small - 20 microwatts - it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camrys 225 horsepower V6 engine. 5. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettls group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory. 6. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside yur body to find disease and repair damaged cells. 词汇：shuffle v. 来回运动nanometer n. 纳米，毫微米molten adj. 熔化的micromotor n. 微电机droplet n. 小滴nanotube n. 纳米管Nanoconveyor n. 纳米传送带 nanotechnology n. 纳米技术bump v. 碰撞Mimic v. 模仿sop v. 吸入stroke n. 行程，冲程microwatt n. 微瓦nanomotor n. 纳米发动机nanomachine n. 纳米机器注释：1.Power stroke：动力行程2.at small scales：在小等级上。这里指的是 “在纳米等级上”。3.it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor：与电动机的小等级相比，功率是相当可观了。in relation to 是“与相比”。如： The city is quite large in relation to its population. (就人口而言，这个城市相当的大。)4.Setup：装置。这里指 nanomotor。5.If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine：如果纳米电动机能按比例放大到汽车发动机的尺寸。scaleup to 是 “把按比例放大到”。练习： 1.Paragraph 2 2.Paragraph 4 3.Paragraph 5 4.Paragraph 6 AAn introduction of a Toyotas 225 horsepower V6 engine.BA description of the nanomotor in terms of power and size.CSurface tension.DPrevious inventions of nanoscale products.EThe working principle of the nanomotor. FPossible fields of application in the future. 5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to _ . 6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to _ .7.Nanoconveyors could be used.to _ . 8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to _ .Aremove diseaseBresist separatingCshuffle between two molten metal dropletsDpower nanomachinesESop up molecules from the large dropletFtransport nanoscale objects第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第1篇 Nightl of the Living Ants When an ant diesother ants move the dead insect out of the nestThis behavior is interesting to scientistswho wonder how ants know for sureand so soonthat another ant is dead DongHwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California2 found that Argentine3 ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants“Im deadtake me away” But theres a twist to Choes discovery4These ants are a little bit like zombiesChoe says that the living antsnot just the dead oneshave this death chemicalIn other words，while an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，its telling other ants that its dead5 What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，“WaitIm not dead yet”So Choes research turned up6 two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，“Imdead”the other set says，“Im not dead yet” Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is deadIf an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes upThat means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive Choe suspects that when all Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says“WaitIm not dead yet”quickly goes awayOnce that chemical is goneonly the one that says“Im dead”is left“Its because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death”said ChoeWhen other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemicalthey haul away the bodyThis was Choes hypothesis To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupaeWhen the scientists used the“Im dead” chemical，other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae7 a-wayWhen the scientists used the“WaitIm not dead yet”chemicalsother ants left the treated pupae aloneChoe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemicals override the“dead”chemical when picked up by adult antsAnd that when all ant dies，the“not dead yet”chemicals fade awayOther nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest词汇：Zombie n还魂尸，僵尸 Graveyard n墓地 Hypothesis n假设 pupa (复pupae或pupas) n蛹override v优先于，比更重要练习：1What is meant by“death chemical”mentioned in paragraph 3？ A A chemical that contains poison B A chemical that causes death C A chemical that announces death D A chemical that prevents death2Which of the following is closest in meaning to the question“What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead?(paragraph 4)”? 。1 A How do ants know what is to be hauled away from the dead ants? B What prevents ants from removing the ants that are not yet dead? C What do ants do to keep themselves away from the dying ants? D What prevents ants from being carried away after they die 3What is NOT true about Choes finding?， A When all ant dies，it produces a“I am dead”signal B Living ants have the death chemical on their bodies C Ants have two sets of chemicals on their bodies D Ants have the“I am not dead”chemical on their bodies4According to Choes hypothesis A an ant still smells like a living when it dies B the“I am dead”chemical leaves the ants body when it dies C the“I am not dead yet”chemical is left when an ant dies D the“I am not dead yet”chemical leaves the ants body when it dies5What is the result of the test on Choes hypothesis? A It proves that his hypothesis is true B Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis C It shows that his hypothesis is wrong D It indicates that his hypothesis needs revising第2篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence Researchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang1 about 13 billion years ago，and that soon after that event，matter began to form as small dust grains and gasesHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question2 for yearsbut a state-of-the-art3 computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physicsthat governed the early universe were also somewhat simplerDrNaoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the USincorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the“cosmic dark ages，”to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protestar4一the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universeand the researcherscomputer simulation sets the bar5 for further investigation into the star formation processThe question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious “dark matter”of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a stara protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sunThe simulation reveals how prestellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostarDrYoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang “This general picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universewill eventually allow investigation into the origins of life and planets，”said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University“The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars have accumulated。”he says，“and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these elements further across the universeSo when you think about it，all of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago” Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universeMore powerful computers，more physical data，and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulationsbut these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiationwhen a stellar object becomes a true star词汇：Astronomical adj天文的；天文学的 Protostar n原恒星 Primordial adj原始的pre-stellar adj前恒星的synthesize v合成，综合stellar adj恒星的；星球的注释：1the Big Bang：宇宙大爆炸，创世大爆炸。这是天体物理学关于宇宙起源的理论。根据大爆炸理论，大约在130亿年前，宇宙所有的物质都高度密集在一点，有着极高的温度，因而发生了巨大的爆炸。大爆炸以后，物质开始向外大膨胀，就形成了今天我们看到的宇宙。但是，宇宙大爆炸仅仅是一种学说，是根据天文观测研究后得到的一种设想。2burning question：最吸引人的问题，急待解决的问题。3State-of-the-art：形容词，意思是“最新的”、“达到最新技术水平的”、“代表当前科技发展水平的”。4protostar：原恒星，就是处于“原始状态”(处于慢收缩阶段的天体)的恒星。原恒星由“大爆炸”后产生的星际云演变而来。5sets the bar：制定标准练习：1What Can the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about? A How matter began to form the first stars after the Big Bang B How the Big Bang marked the beginning of our universe