高中英语常用短语与句型归纳.doc

1高考高频动词短语（1）act短语：act as 担任职务，起作用 act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act out 表演（对话、故事等） actup 捣乱，出毛病例如：I acted as aninterpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Black isacting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)The childrenwere acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.Hes a toughkid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短语：break away 摆脱，脱离 breakaway from 脱离，奋力挣脱break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into 闯入，破门而入 break(sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发break out in tears 突然大哭 breakthe rule 违反规定break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开 例如:The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep onworking like that, youll break down sooner or later.The car brokedown just on my way here.If anyonetries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyonetries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke offa bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke offthe conversation and answered the phone.Does everyoneknow what to do if a fire breaks out?It may take along time to break through the problem.In spring theicebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短语：bringabout 引起，导致，使发生 bring along 把带来，领来bringback 拿回来，使恢复 bringsb back 送回某人bringsth / sb back to life 使生动/活泼，使苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）bring down 使降低，减少，使倒下，使落下bringdown / up (the price) 降价提价 比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨bringin 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进bringout 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出bring to 使苏醒 bring to use = put to use 对加以利用bring/ carry sth to / into effect 实施（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bringup 抚养，培养，哺育 例如：A huge amount ofenvironmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of therainforests.Youre welcometo bring along a friend.The governmenthopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通货膨胀).Americancountry music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kindof technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on(=leadto / result in) headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboardand brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by hisgrandparents.（4）call短语：call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地） 比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）call back 回电话 callfor 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人call/ shout for help 呼救 call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话 call off 取消 callon / upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊，叫喊 call sbfor short 简称某人 callsb names 谩骂某人 call up 给打电话，使人想起，号召例如：We called atMikes house yesterday.All ships sailing on theoceans call for help by radio in English.Ill call for my uncle atBeijing Railway Station.Lets call in a doctorfor the little girl.Many of these songscalled on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on himtomorrow.I heard somebody callingout to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow; mynumber is 536291.Your letter calls up thedays when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather,the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短语：come about 发生，产生 comeacross 偶然相遇come along 来，随同，进展，加油 come at 向袭击come back 回来，想起来，复活 comedown 下来，下落，传下 come down to 到达，从一处来到另一处 come for 来拿，来取 come from 来自，出生于 come in 进来，进入 come into being 形成，产生 come into use 使用起来 come off 脱落，从离开 come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开come over to 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方come round / around（非正式）来访，串门 come to 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒cometo an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道 cometo life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知cometo oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台 come/ go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with 甘心忍受 come true 变为现实，成为事实 come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上例如：A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of thereport.I came acrossan old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your Englishis coming along really well.Come along / on!Dont give up yet!Come along / on!Were all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at mewith a knife.Now, lets come back towhat I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for adead animal to come back.Snow was coming down sothickly that I could hardly see through the window.The airplane came down inthat field.Where does thefilm star come from, do you know?Mr Smith camein in a hurry, book in hand (= with abook in his hand).The law firstcame into being in 1912.By the time he came to /into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since theelectronic computer came into use?The buttoncame off, but he didnt notice it.There is no doubt that thetruth will come out one day.The trees turn green andflowers come out.This magazine comes outonce a month.Why dont you come around/ round for lunch?Some day youll come toknow the mistakes you have made.If they dontcome to a decision by midnight,the talks will be abandoned.Ive forgottenher name, but maybe itll come to me later.The bill cameto 480 in total.His dream of becoming afilm star came true at last.A child came up to me andshowed me the way.The sameproblems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came upwith the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through thedrawer, I came upon the letter Id been looking for.（6）cut短语：cut away 切除，剪去 cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cutin line 插队 cut into pieces / halves 把切成碎片/切成两半cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应） cutout 删除，剪下来cutthe cost of 降低的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉例如：He cut awaysome branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there werecut down in the past.The electricity was cutoff because of the storm.He was sentenced to deathand had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizzaup, please?（7）do短语：doabout 处理，应付 do and dont 要与不要 do a good deed 做一件好事 doa lot of walking 走很多路 doa test 做实验，做化验 doa word puzzle 猜字谜 doan experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除do body-building 做健身操 do chores 处理琐事，干家务do housework 做家务活 domake-up 化妆，打扮 doobservations 观察 do ones best 尽某人最大努力 do ones homework 做作业 do research on 从事研究工作 dosb a favour 帮某人一个忙 do sbhonor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意dosb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书 dosome shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西do sports =have / playsports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼dosth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事dotelephone interviews 进行电话采访 do the laundry 洗衣服 doup 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好doup ones shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣 do well / better in 在方面干得好/更好 do with处理，处置，对付 do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对） 例如：To tell thetruth, I dont know how to do with him.Ill have nothing to dowith him from now on.What did you do with thatcamera you found?The poisonous waste maydo great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit; it willdo good to you.I think I can do betterin English this year than last year.Liszt said, “Youve donewrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”Im going to do my bestthis year.I was only trying to do agood deed.（8）get短语：geta better understanding of China 更好地了解中国geta full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot ofsatisfaction 得到满足getat 意指，本意是 get around =get about 四处走动，活动get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 getaway from 逃脱，逃离get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还get close to 接近 get down 下来，降下get down on ones knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收获，达到 get in a word 插话 get into 进入 get sb into 使某人陷入getit 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） get on 上车，过活 geton / along with 进展，与相处 geton ones feet （艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去 get out of 逃避，避免 getover 克服，恢复，原谅 get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度过get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试） get to 到达，抵达 getto sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get/ gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领getready for 为做准备（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做getthe idea for 想到的主意 get themessage across 传播信息get together 相聚，碰头，联欢 get/ be used to sth 习惯于，适应于（比较：be used as sth 被用作 be used for sth 被用于，用来做be used to do sth 被用于做 used to do sth 过去常常做）get/ be dressed 穿衣服 get/ be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚get/ be lost 丢失了，迷路 get/ be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚get/ be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难get/ be tired of 对感到厌倦，对失去兴趣（比较：get / be tired for 因而感到疲倦）例如：Im getting onwell with my classmates now.How are you getting alongwith your English?He got the book away fromher.The bank robbers used astolen car to get away.When did you get backfrom the countryside?Have you got back thebook you lent him?“Get down on your knees,”said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”The dust has got into myeyes.This mistake may get himinto difficulties.Before I could get in aword he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock intosomeone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “Im sorry.”When you are in London, you might get intouch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off andchecked the rails.She got on her bicycleand cycled off.You work too hard! Youshould get out a bit more.If you dont want to go,I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to gettogether at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only fourminutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but Ijust couldnt get through to him.She felt so cold that shegot close to her mother.Its time we got down towork.The theatre was alreadyfull, and we couldnt get in.The peasants are busygetting in the crops.We didnt get up untillunch time.He got up and walked overto the window.（9）give短语：give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发 give back 归还，送回 givein 投降，让步，屈服 give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交give up 放弃，辞去 give a concert 开音乐会givea description of 描述 give / make a speech 演讲，讲话give a talk 演讲，做报告 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成giveclose attention to 密切关注 givemedical care to sb 对某人进行治疗giveshade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give / lendsb a hand 给某人帮助givesb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信givesb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warmwelcome 热烈欢迎某人 givesb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就向某人提出建议/忠告例如：In those days,he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give itaway to anyone else; its a secret.Both sides argued withreason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, theywill give off poisonous gases.When they made ready toclimb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.Our English teacher isgiving out the test papers.Both the man and thehorse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding themissing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up herjob after her marriage.Mr Black will give us atalk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us someadvice on reading?If you wont have itchanged, please give my money back.（10）go短语：goabroad 出国 goabout 四处走走，开始做，着手干goabout from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走go away 走开，离去 goback 回去gobeyond 超越 go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去godown 下来，落下，倒下 godown on ones knees 跪下gofor 为去，努力获取，主张，适用于 go for a hike = gohiking 去徒步旅行gofor a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk /walks 散步 gofor sb 对某人也一样 go in for 参加，喜欢gointo 详细调查 gointo details 细说go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去gooff the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）goon 发生，进行，继续 go/ be on diet 在节食 goon (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去观光（游览）goon a visit to 去访问（参观） go on doingsth 继续做某事（同一事） 比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）go on with sth 继续某事go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出 goover 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅gopast 从的旁边过去 go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登gowith 与相配 go without 忍受没有之苦，没有也行，没有也能勉强应付goshopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰go straight along 沿着一直往前走gothrough 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成go to bed （上床）睡觉 goto school / work 上学/上班goto sea 当水手 go to sleep 入睡goto town 进城 go to a movie 去看电影goto the country(side) 下乡 go home /there 回家/去那儿 go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 gobad 变坏go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用例如： No one dared to go against the rules.Do you mind if I open thewindow? / Do you mind my opening the window?No, go ahead.I went away /offwondering if Id said anything wrong.Im afraid the fish hasgone bad.Things will get easier astime goes by.He went by quickly,taking no notice of us.If you really want thejob, go for it!Close all the doors andlock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.I go in for all thecompetitions.After a short pause,Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle wentout.Once again I went overexactly what I needed to say.Lets go over what welearned last period.Do you want me to gothrough this and check your spellings?Unemployment in thatcountry has gone up by a million.It is possible to gowithout food for a few days.Somethings gone wrongwith my watch; I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：have a break 休息一下 have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话/have a talk with sb (aboutsth) （就某事）与某人进行交流have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话have a gift for 对有天赋（比较：havea reputation for 有名誉/名声）have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快have a good knowledge of 对很熟悉，通晓have a good laugh over对笑了个够 have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun玩得很高兴，过得愉快havea / the habit of = be in a / the habit of 有的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of 养成的习惯 get sb into the habit of 使某人养成的习惯）havea hit 风靡一时 have a large population 人口众多have / take a look 看一看 havea meeting / party 开会/举行晚会havea nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快have (got ) a pain (in the) （身体某部位）痛havea part-time job 做兼职工作 have a (good) rest 休息have/ take a seat 坐下（比较：have / takeones seat 坐某人的座位）havea stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweettooth 喜欢吃甜食have a swim 游泳 havea table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛have a test 进行测验 havea try 试一试 have/ show an appetite for 有的欲望或爱好have/ make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定havean effect on / upon 对有影响，对产生作用（比较：influence = affect 对有影响have no effect / influence on 对没有影响have a good / bad effect on 对有好/坏影响have a great / little effect on 对有很大的影响/影响不大have a strong influence on 对有很大影响）have/ take an exam 参加考试 havean eye for 有眼力，有眼光havean income of 有的收入 haveaccess to 使用（接近的）权利或机会have breakfast / lunch /supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭have lessons / classes 上课have mercy on 宽恕，对仁慈，对表示怜悯 haveno chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事have none of