高中高效语文阅读课堂的构建.docx

高中语文课程标准强调，阅读教学是学生、教师、教科书编者、文本之间的多重对话，是思想碰撞和心灵交流的动态过程。阅读教学过程中的对话和交流，是指向每一个学生的个体阅读。根据新课程标准的要求，教师要在高中语文学科教学中，以学生“知识和能力”“过程和方法”“情感态度和价值观”三维目标作为参照物。新课程标准要求高中生在情感、思维状况、活动方式及强度、接受能力等方面要具备一致性，并要求学生汉语的应用、探究、赏析能力得到进一步的发展，最终目标是使学生理解文本，获得知识，发展思维能力，升华感情，提升人格及精神境界。一、树立高效的语文教学观语文新课程标准不仅继承了语文学科的工具性，更强调语文学科的人文性和实践性。纲领指出：“学生学习的目标既有工具性的又有综合性的，特别是陶冶情操，培养高尚审美情趣，提高思想素质的目标。”这就要求高中语文阅读教学应遵循实践性与人文性相结合的原则，着眼于全体学生，改变陈旧的教学内容与形式，优化教学内容，寓人文精神的教育于各种有意义的实践活动中，发挥学生的积极性，培养学生的创新意识及健全人格。高中语文阅读教学不仅要结合文本，还要走向开放，让学生在实践中体验，在活动中熏陶，在趣味中感染，沟通课堂内外，充分利用学校、家庭、社会等教育资源，使课内的知识积累与课外活动有机结合起来。语文学习的外延等于生活的外延。生活有多么广阔，语文学习的天地就有多么广阔。现实生活中到处都可以学习语文，到处都需要运用语文。语文是一门最具开放性最易与生活发生联系的学科。“教者有心，学者有益。”教师在设计语文阅读教学时，应当树立“大语文”的开放的教学观念，应充分利用学生在课外与社会生活、家庭生活广泛接触的机会，让学生在生活中学习语文、运用语文，让语文学习与生活接轨，增强语文阅读教学的探索性、实践性，使学生在教学过程中自主地获得知识，体验快乐和辛劳，从而激发他们学习语文的兴趣，发展他们的个性。二、将人文教育融入阅读教学正如新课程标准所规定的，语文是最重要的交际工具，是人类文化的重要组成部分。语文教育对于学生形成健全的人格、提高生命质量、拥有正确高尚的价值观等精神层面的培养，具有其他学科无法取代的优势和不可推卸的职责。教师要真正意识到语文教育不仅仅是字词句等语法知识的教育工具，更应该注重对学生进行情感上的、精神上的教育和引导，从而将其完成语文教育对社会和历史所应承担的使命和职责。比如在陈情表的教学过程中，想要让学生理解李密对祖母的深厚亲情，从而内化为自己对父母亲人的亲情体验，可以用移情法，在课堂中引导学生想想自己跟亲人之间印象深刻的故事，互相交流，谈谈自己的理解。这样一来，对文章语言的理解、情感的体验就自如多了，课堂也活跃了，学习的兴趣也调动起来了，在这个过程中，他们感受到了美的教育，也受到了人文情感的熏陶，不知觉间，学生的人格不断健全，人文精神得到提高，真可谓是“一举多得”.又如逍遥游强调注重内在精神，追求精神上的独立与超越。在他眼里世界万物都是齐等的，生与死没有界限、无所区别，因此也就不会产生喜怒哀乐的情感因素，一切都顺应自然，于心只需逍遥处之。庄子的这种超越名利乃至生死的追求为我们营建了一个天籁般洁净的精神世界。三、科学合理的课堂提问用提问的方式来展开课堂是当下比较流行的做法，课堂提问不仅要能领导学生发现问题，更要能调动学生的主观能动性去研究问题、分析问题、解决问题。就高中语文来说，一节课设置的问题不能太多，二至三个为佳，并且问题应该起到一个纲领的作用，要能把这节课所讲的重要内容都概括进去，问题与问题之间应该有一个逐次深入的逻辑关系，这样才能思路清晰，有利于学生在课后掌握知识点。教育是为了提升人的生命质量而进行的社会活动，高中语文作为基础教育的重要学科，所涉及内容较多、较复杂，教师需要在平时多积累、多学习，努力提高自己的素质与水平;要全身心投入到教育事业中，热爱教育事业，对学生认真负责;努力打造高效的语文教学课堂，促进教学的良性发展，全面提高学生的素质与成绩。比如对于文章的主旨，一般很难一下子就分析明确，这个时候就需要设置一些小问题将主旨这一大问题具体化、细小化，这样，学生就不会感到无法下手。例如在分析雨巷这首现代诗歌的主旨的时候，我设置了这样三个问题：作者描述了一个怎样的“丁香一样的姑娘”?为什么要突出描绘这个“丁香一样的姑娘”?作者是否仅仅为了这个“丁香一样的姑娘”而表现他的情感?这三个问题具有内在的逻辑联系，前两个问题为最后一个问题的提出做了铺垫，最后一个问题是前两个问题的必然延伸和深化。这样的提问给了学生充分而逐层的思考空间，有利于学生通过自主探究充分了解本文的内容和作者的思想感情。再有，一般的文章都有些很特殊的句子及字词如总领句、情感句、中心句、过渡句以及文眼、诗眼等，若能关注它们并能巧妙地设置问题，就会收到很好的效果。四、阅读教学中注重语言的运用心理学理论表明，思维是智力的核心。这就要求语文教师除了要在课堂阅读教学中坚持语言与思维的一体性训练，还必须通过课堂语言应用练习来引导学生开展能够体现语文学科特色的、以语言文字为工具的思维活动。知识或技能的迁移有两个重要条件：一是学习材料之间具有某些共同的要素;二是要概括。具体的知识不易迁移，普遍原理有助于迁移。教师在提高学生阅读水平方面可以多尝试这种方式，将课内所学技能运用到课外。比如教学南州六月荔枝丹这一科学小品文，针对说明文的说明顺序、说明方法、写作特点等知识点，可设计一篇课外文艺性说明文的阅读迁移练习。这不仅拓宽了学生的阅读视野， 也有效地将课本的技能运用到课外。对于课文内容，让学生通过变换人称、顺序等方式复述或扩写、缩写、续写课文片断。通过这种变式练习，学生语言文字的运用能力得到了有效的训练，创造性思维也得到了有效的培养。语言的学习主要靠模仿习得，婴幼儿学习语言的基本方法就在于模仿。模仿是理解到运用的阶梯，对于写作水平不高的学生来讲，不失为一种有效的作业方式。比如，教学故都的秋时，可以让学生像郁达夫一样运用多种感官及修辞手法来描写自己喜欢的一个季节。The high school language curriculum standard stressed that the reading teaching is the students, the teachers, the textbook editors, multiple dialogue between the text, is the thought collision and the mind exchange dynamic process. Dialogue and exchanges in the process of reading teaching, it is point to each students individual reading. According to the requirement of the new curriculum standard, the teacher wants to Chinese subject teaching in high school, the students knowledge and ability , process and method, emotional attitude and values three dimensional goal as a reference. New curriculum standards for high school students in emotional, thinking situation, activity and strength, accept ability and so on to have consistency, and requests the student to the application of Chinese, explore and appreciation ability to get further development, the ultimate goal is to make students understand the text, acquire knowledge and develop thinking ability, sublimation of affection, promote personality and mental state.A, set up efficient language teaching viewThe language new curriculum standard not only inherited the Chinese subject of instrumental, more emphasis on the language discipline of humanism and practicality. The program pointed out: student learning goals both instrumental and comprehensive, in particular, edify sentiment, cultivate noble aesthetic temperament and interest, and improve the ideological quality goal. This requires high school Chinese reading teaching should follow the principle of combining practicality with humanism, focus on all the students, change the old teaching content and form, optimizing teaching contents, education of humane spirit in all kinds of meaningful practice activities, play the enthusiasm of students, cultivate students innovation consciousness and healthy personality.High school Chinese reading teaching should not only combines the text, but also to open, lets the student experience in practice, in the activities, in the interest of infection, communication inside and outside the classroom, make full use of the school, family and social education resources, make the classroom knowledge accumulation and the organic combination of extracurricular activities. The extension of the language learning is equal to the extension of life. Life how wide, how wide the language learning. Everywhere can learn the language in real life, everywhere need to use the language. The language is the most open the easiest subject associated with life. Are devoted to teach good scholar. Teachers in the design of Chinese reading teaching, we should set the idea of big language open teaching idea, should make full use of students outside the classroom and extensive contacts with the social life, family life, let the students use language learning Chinese, in the life, let the language learning and living standards, strengthen the exploration of Chinese reading teaching, practical, make the student in the teaching process to acquire knowledge, experience joy and hardship, so as to arouse their interest to learn language, develop their personality.Second, the humanities education in reading teachingAs required by the new curriculum standard, the language is the most important communication tool, is an important part of human culture. The language education for the students to form a sound personality, improve the quality of life, having the right noble values such as spiritual culture, has the advantages of other disciplines cant replace and unshirkable responsibility. Teachers to really realize the language education is not only a word, such as grammar knowledge education tools, more should pay attention to undertake to the students emotional, mental education and guidance, to complete its language education mission and responsibility to society and history. As in biao of teaching process, want to let students understand shi biao to the grandmothers deep affection, thus internalized as their relatives to parents affection experience, can use empathy method, guide students to think about themselves in a classroom with impressive story between relatives, communicate with each other, talk about your own understanding. As a result, the understanding of the article language, emotional experience is much more comfortable, the classroom is active, learning interest and mobilize the, in the process, they felt the beauty education, have also been human emotional edification, not between perception, the students perfect personality, the humanistic spirit, have standards. And as unfettered emphasized inner spirit, the pursuit of spiritual independence and beyond. In his eyes the world everything is et al, there is no limit to the birth and death, does not have the difference, so there would be no emotional factor in the production of joys and sorrows, all conform to nature, in heart just easy place. Zhuangzi this beyond the pursuit of fame and fortune, and even life and death for our construction of a spiritual world was so clean.Third, scientific and reasonable classroom questioningUse to ask the way to expand the classroom is a very popular method, classroom questioning is not only to lead students to discover problems, more need to be able to mobilize the students subjective initiative to study the problem, analyze and solve problems. Set for high school language, a class of problems cannot too much, two to three to be beautiful, and the problem should play the role of a program that can speak in this class are the important contents are summarized, and problems between there should be a successive deep logical relationship, so you can think clearly, help students master the knowledge after class.Education is to improve peoples quality of life and social activities, high school language as an important subject of basic education, the content involved more and more complex, teachers need to be accumulated in more at ordinary times, learn more, strive to improve their own quality and level; To devote to education career, deeply loves the education career, serious and responsible for students; To create effective language teaching classroom, promote the benign development of the teaching, improve the students all-round quality and grades. Such as for the purpose of the article, it is difficult to quickly analysis generally clear, this time will need to set up a few small problems will keynote the embodiment a big problem, small, in this way, students wont feel not laid hands on him. For example on the analysis of the rain lane is the main idea of the modern poetry, I set up three questions: the author describes how a lilac girl ? Why do you want to highlight the lilac girl?If the author just to this the lilac girl and show his emotion? These three questions have inherent logic relation, the former two problems for the last question is put forward for the stage, before the last question is the inevitable extension and deepen the two questions. Such questions to the students thinking space, step by step a full and help students fully understand the content of this article through independent inquiry and the authors thoughts and feelings. Again, the general articles have some very special sentences and words such as the master, emotional sentences, center, transitional sentences and eye, eye, etc., if you can pay attention to them and can skillfully set problem, will get a good result.Fourth, pay attention to the use of language in reading teachingPsychology theory suggests that thinking is the core of intelligence. This requires that the language teacher in addition to reading in the classroom teaching of language and thinking training in oneness, still must through classroom language application practice to guide the students to reflect the language discipline characteristic, language as the tool of thinking activity. Knowledge or skill migration, there are two important conditions: one is the study materials have some common elements between; The second is to sum up. Specific knowledge is not easy to migrate, universal principles can help the migration. Teachers to improve students reading level can try this wa