职称英语 六题型实战训练与配套技巧的运用.docx

综理卫共用 六题型实战训练与配套技巧的运用第1部分：词汇选项 第115题，每题1分，共15分 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。训练一：1. The weather last summer was awful. A. badB. fairC. dryD. hot2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. messageB. guiltC. obligationD. punishment3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitelyB. generallyC. certainlyD. greatly4. There is a need for radical changes in education. A. revolutionaryB. long-termC. short-termD. systematic5. It frustrates me that Im not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discouragesB. showsC. surprisesD. frightens6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limitB. fearC. powerD. fool7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gatherB. clearC. shareD. spare9. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hideB. handleC. discloseD. establish10. Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A. wayB. factorC. objectiveD. source11. He said some harsh words about his brother. A. properB. unkindC. normalD. unclear12. Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months notice before you leave. A. subjectsB. expressionsC. wordsD. rules13. Dont temp thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible. A. alarmB. catchC. spotD. attract14. When did you first encounter these difficulties？ A. createB. presentC. experienceD. resolve15. We need to identify the potential problems. A. possibleB. mainC. immediateD. Common课间休息 感谢观看阅读判断：第1篇Smoking 综理卫 吸烟Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent一致and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt确确实实that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.1Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute细微particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in，all those components form deposits on the membranes膜 of the lungs. One point of concentration集中 is where the air tube气管 and bronchus支气管divides分叉.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.练习：1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned2. Smoking reduces ones life expectancy. A.Right B. Wrong C.Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned6. Nicotine is poisonous. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned*第2篇What Is a Dream? 综理卫 梦是什么？For centuries, people have wondered about想知道 the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times近代, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud frid 弗洛伊德，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams 1900 , Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life . The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2卡尔-荣格was once a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of不重视 themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill心理机能 that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams.3Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones .Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldnt panic恐慌. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.1Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. 语义正确，选A或C; 语义错误，选B或C ARightBWrongCNot mentioned2According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned3Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned4In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned5According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned6Men and women dream about different things.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned7Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned课间休息 感谢观看+第3篇 Stage Fright 综理卫 舞台恐惧如何避免怯场Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an odd奇特 trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran资深cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped绊倒him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic上台前的恐慌, Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”Today, music schools are addressing说the problem of anxiety in classes课堂that deal with performance techniques and career preparation . There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out将演奏曲目烂熟于心, to mental discipline训练, such as visualizing想象 a performance and taking steps采取步骤to relax. Dont deny that youre jittery紧张，they urge强调; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic充满活力的 playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist心理治疗师 Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,” she says. “And not one of these please dont kill me smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.” She doesnt want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors导师or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist首席大提琴手of the Cleverland Orchestra克利夫兰管弦乐队, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing心跳. It was just total panic完全惊慌失措. I came to a point where I thought,“If I have to go through经历 this to play music, I think Im going to look for another job.” Recovery痊愈, he said, involved developing humility谦虚recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible会出错的，and that an imperfect不完美的concert was not a disaster.It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary传奇色彩的 pianist Vladimir Horowitzs nerves were famous. The great tenor男高音 Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,” Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when youre scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they dont have any expectations,” Soprano June Anderson said. “Theres less to lose. Later on以后, when youre known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until Ive sung my last note.”1Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman 弗拉基米尔-菲兹曼 to deal with his stage fright. ARightBWrongCNot mentioned2There are many signs of stage fright.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned3Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme -stage fright.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned4To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned5If you have stage fright, its helpful to have friendly audience.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned6Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned7Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned课间休息 感谢观看概括大意与完成句子：第1篇The Paper Chase 综卫 文件整理1.“Running a house is a lot like running a business，”says Stephanie Denton，a professional organizer职业筹划人 based in Cincinnati，Ohio ， who specializes in精通 both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping文书和记录工作 .To get a successful grip能力 on organizing documents，bills，and other materials，Denton suggests the following tips建议：2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote把专用于 an entire desk to the task，at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active常用的paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet柜子 for family records. Store安放the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work ， whether that is the kitchen，office，or family room家庭活动室 .3.When in doubt，throw it out. The first step for implementing建立 a workable可行的filing system is to eliminate Paper you dont use，dont need，or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements复件，old catalogs，and all of the coupons优待券，mailings，or offerings礼券 youll never have an opportunity to use or even read .4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date结账日期doesnt fit into your cycle，call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep放置two manila folders马尼拉折叠夹 at the front of your system for current bills当前的账单系统 one账单系统to correspond with与相对应 each bill-paying dayand file整理all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case以防the invoice发票never arrives or gets misplaced放错.5.Think of your filing档案 system not as a rigid tool，but as a living，breathing system that can accommodate适应 your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible灵活.Everyones needs are different，says Denton，but when devising a filing system，ask yourself：“Where would I look for this?”Create main headings标题 for your filing system, such as Investments，Taxes，Children，and so forth，and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff塞满 your files.A Find aPlacetoWorkonB Implementing aWorkable Filing SystemC What is a Good Filing SystemD How to Invest in a Rolling File CartE Get Rid of Unimportant ThingsF Dealing with Bills练习：1.Paragraph 22.Paragraph 33.Paragraph 44.Paragraph 55.Stephanie Denton is expert6.You can put your file cart anywhere you like，on condition7.Coupons should be thrown away because8.“Mentally flexible” indicates the factA theyare uselessB inpaperchaseC that it is easily reachedD that different people have different requirementsE they arenotcomfortableF in investing in coupons*第2篇Screen Test 综理卫 透视检查1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them，including Australia，Canada，the US and Spain，screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser紧密.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative累积 dose of radiation，they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board NRPB predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women，18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme，they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100，000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting染上 cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45 ， because they would be exposed to less radiation .The results of their study, they suggest，could help“optimize完善 the technique”for breast cancer screening.7.“There is a trade-off权衡 between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution.“ On the basis of the current data ， for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”练习：1.Paragraph 2A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE Treatment of CancersF Factors That Trigger Cancers2.Paragraph 33.Paragraph44.Paragraph 55. Early discovery of breast cancer may.6. Advantages of screening women under 50 are.7. Delaying the age at which screening starts may.8. Radiation exposure should be.A be costlyB harmfulC save a life D still open to debate E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF reduced to the minimum课间休息 感谢观看+第3篇 Ward off Travel Bugs 综卫 防止旅行中的疾病困扰1As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag时差反应, an upset stomach or sunburn日光灼烧. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.2You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus乳酸菌 and bifid bacteria双歧杆菌类, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to死于 poisoning brought on导致 by food or water tainted污染 with unfamiliar bacteria .3By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out排出the pathogenic致病 bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold. The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut肠.4In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to死于 food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated水分 and see a doctor. However, if you detect diarrhea腹泻 early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes胰腺消化酶, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over控制局势.5Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅胶can also help. This lines给安衬里the stomach and uppe