湖北省孝感市高考英语语法填空和阅读理解暑假练习（4）.doc

湖北省孝感市2016高考英语语法填空和阅读理解暑假练习（4）【阅读理解】peanuts to thisproudly reading my words, i glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. confused, i glanced toward my stonefaced teacher. having no choice, i slowly raised the report i had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “what could be causing everyone to act this way？”quickly, i flashed back to the day miss lancelot gave me the task. this was the first real task i received in my new school. it seemed simple: go on the internet and find information about a man named george washington. since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, i had never heard of that name before. as i searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! one invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across america. i stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. i called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷)a coin. headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. ah! tails，my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, george washington carver. weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, i was totally lost. oh well, i lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what i had done wrong. as a classmate began his report, it all became clear，“my report is on george washington, the man who started the american revolution.” the whole world became quiet! how could i know that she meant that george washington?obviously, my grade was awful. heartbroken but fearless, i decided to turn this around. i talked to miss lancelot, but she insisted: no redos; no new grade. i felt that the punishment was not justified, and i believed i deserved a second chance. consequently, i threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. ten months later, that chance unfolded as i found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. i smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. justice is sweet!1what did the authors classmates think about his report?acontroversial. bridiculous. cboring. dpuzzling.2why was the author confused about the task?ahe was unfamiliar with american history.bhe followed the advice and flipped a coin.che forgot his teachers instruction.dhe was new at the school.3the underlined word“burning”in para. 3 probably means _.aannoyed bashamed cready deager4in the end, the author turned things around _.aby redoing his task bthrough his own effortscwith the help of his grandfather dunder the guidance of his headmaster【要点综述】本文讲述了作者作为一个外来移民初入美国学校时，由于对美国历史不了解而闹出的一个笑话，但作者通过努力最后终于提高成绩并实现跳级。1. b推理判断题。根据第一段内容我们知道，由于作者对美国历史的无知，弄混了乔治华盛顿的身份，所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住大笑起来。“bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.”可知大家觉得这个报告很荒谬。controversial有争议的；ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；boring无聊的；puzzling迷惑的，不解的。2. a推理判断题。 根据第二段“since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country”可知，作者是从别的国家初到美国，所以对美国历史不了解而闹了笑话。3. d词义猜测题。 根据全文叙述可知，作者是通过投掷硬币来决定的答案，因此犯了常识错误。第三段中“i was totally lost.”说明作者不明就里，所以当其他同学读报告时，作者渴望知道为什么。annoyed 烦恼的；ashamed羞愧的；ready准备好的，情愿的；eager渴望的。4. b细节理解题。 根据第四段“consequently, i threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.”可知作者是通过throw oneself into(积极从事)而实现转变的。所以选b。文中老师并没有给作者机会重做，所以a错误；从祖父那里得到建议是在选择华盛顿身份时，所以c错误；而校长是在作者成绩提高后才接见的，所以d错误。人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂化。真题典例【2011山东卷】arthur miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.millers father had moved to the usa from austriahungary，drawn like so many others by the “great american dream”however, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the great depression of the early 1930s.millers most famous play, death of a salesman, is a powerful attack on the american system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.in willy loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has gotinto trouble with this system.willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the wagner company, and he must go.willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.he refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.when it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the tony award for best play，the new york drama critics circle award，and the pulitzer prize for drama.it was the first play to win all three of these major awards.miller died of heart failure at his home in roxbury，connecticut，on the evening of february 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of death of a salesman on broadway.()1.why did arthur millers father move to the usa?ahe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.bhe was attracted by the “great american dream”che hoped to make his son a dramatist.dhis family business failed.()2.the play death of a salesman_.aexposes the cruelty of the american business worldbdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyctalks about the business career of arthur millerdfocuses on the skills in doing business ()3.what can we learn about willy loman?ahe treats his employer badly.bhe runs the wagner company.che is a victim of the american system.dhe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.()4.after it was first staged，death of a salesman _.aachieved huge successbwon the first tony awardcwas warmly welcomed by salesmendwas severely attacked by dramatists ()5.what is the text mainly about?aarthur miller and his family.bthe awards arthur miller won.cthe hardship arthur miller experienced.darthur miller and his bestknown play.【解析】亚瑟米勒是二十世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。推销员之死是他最有名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得所有三项大奖的作品。1b细节理解题。由第一段“.drawn like so many others by the great american dream”可知应选b。2a细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，推销员之死是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告诉我们在这金钱至上的制度中，主人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是a。3c推理判断题。根据第二段对剧中主角willy的介绍，尤其是“got into trouble”、“burnt out”、“painfully”、“at a loss”以及“kills himself”等关键词可以告诉我们willy是美国制度的牺牲品，故选c。4a细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“when it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.”可知答案为a。5d主旨大意题。从全文判断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟米勒的家庭背景和他最有名的作品推销员之死，因此d为正确答案。【陕西省2014五校联考】阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。last week, the college board announced that it was revising the sat (scholastic assessment test) in an effort to make it more acceptable to test-takers, teachers, college admission officers and the public more generally. test-takers who receive lower scores than they have hoped for are likely to be concerned about their academic future. its no wonder that its hard to discuss the test without negative feelings.the sat isnt perfect. like any test, it can be misused, and may reflect unequal educational opportunities. even before the announcement of the sats redesign, experts were discussing the tests limitations. writing in the new yorker, elizabeth kolbert described its questions as limited: “critical thinking was never called for, let alone curiosity or imagination.” but the sat provides an effective measure of a persons ability to reason through verbal(文字性的) and mathematical materials, a skill required in college. although there are conflicting reports on the issue, a study published in the journal educational and psychological measurement in 2011 found that the sat can meaningfully add to the prediction of a students first-year college academic performance, above his grades in high school alone. the fact that the sat can help predict this is, to me, an astonishing achievement that cannot be ignored.we cannot afford to ignore tests because they fall short of perfection or make us uncomfortable. but theres a better way to make the sat more acceptable in the long run: we should expand the types of tests we use so as to more fully reflect what students can do. what if, in addition to the sat, students were offered new tests that measured more diverse abilities? for future artists or musicians, there are tests that measure creative thinking a largely ignored ability by the sat. for future engineers, there are tests that measure their sense of space. and new measures of “personal intelligence” the ability to reason about a persons motives, emotions and patterns of activities may also tell us something important about students self-knowledge and understanding of others.53. why is it difficult for the test takers to discuss the test without negative feelings? a. the sat is unacceptable for the test takers, teachers, officers and the public. b. they may not get satisfactory scores and it influences their admission to college. c. the sat cant reflect their creative thinking, curiosity as well as their imagination. d. the board dont know how to make the sat more suitable for the test takers. 54. elizabeth kolbert may consider the sat to be _.a. imaginative b. creative c. critical d. limited55. according to the text, the author may disagree with the idea that _.a. the sat can at some point predict how a student will do in the freshman year of college academically【来b. the sat helps measure students ability of reasoning through their creativity and imaginationc. the sat will be more acceptable if creative thinking, sense of space and personal intelligence are tested as welld. the sat has many limitations and it may make a difference to students educational opportunities56. thearticlemostprobablyappearsinthenewspapercolumn_.2-1-c-n-j-ya.sports b.entertainment c.city news d.education 【参考答案】53-56 bdbd 语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】m: excuse me, madam.w: yes?m: would you mind letting me take_1_look in your bag? w: well, im afraid i certainly do mind, if its all the same_2_you. now go away. hey, taxi! ive got a train _3_(catch)m: im sorry. im just trying to do my job but im afraid youre making_4_rather difficult. however, i must insist on seeing_5_you have in your bag.w: and what do you expect to find in there? jewels?m: madam, if theres_6_that doesnt belong to you, you can leave right away and ill apologize for the_7_(convenient) w: oh, very well. there you are.m: thank you. and ten mens watches?w: yes. i get very nervous_8_i dont know the time. m: i see you smoke a lot, too, madam. fifteen cigarette lighters?w: yes, im rather a_9_(heavy )smoker. and. and i happen to collect lighters.m: i bet you do, madam. well, im afraid im going to have to ask you to come_10_with me.w: how dare you! i .1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.a2.to3.to catch4.it5.what6.nothing7.inconvenience8.if9.heavy10.along语法填空。阅读下面材料