初中英语语法-倒装句和虚拟语气讲解和练习.doc

倒装句讲解和练习英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：1、 部分倒装就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1.Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope(2) .含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (than), hardly (when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。We seldom get up at four in the morning.= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.(1)hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.(2)not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.2 I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt3Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 4No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun(3) .在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.5So difficult _it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel(4) .省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.6_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will(5) .把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。I like reading English, so does he. (6) .把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 If you wont go, neither will I.7.-I dont think I can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I dont think so D. I think so7) 用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Child as he is, he knows a lot.8_, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。9_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is2、 全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(1) .用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。There goes the bell. Look! Here they come. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is.Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。Under the table are three white cats. In front of the tower flews a stream.10Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man satC. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man(3) there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.(4) .表语置于句首时，倒装结构为表语+系动词+主语。(1)形容词+系动词+主语Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. (2)过去分词+系动词+主语Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.(3)介词短语+系动词+主语In front of the playground is a newly-built house. (5) .有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(6) .在一些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Communist Party of China!May you all be happy.答案 15 CDBDD 610 BBCDD 中考复习倒装句专项练习1-Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday.-_. Lets go together.A. Nor do I B. I will do C. So will I D. So can I2 Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. _. I have to clean up my bedroom.A. So am IB. Neither am IC. Neither I amD. So I am3Only when the work is done _ be able to go back home.A. you haveB. you willC. will youD. have you4-Would you like to go to the amusement park?-If Jack does, _. A. I go, too B. so will I C. neither will I D. so do I 5I cant play the piano, and _. A. neither can my sisterB. my sister cant, tooC. so cant my sisterD. can my sister, either6Attention, please! There _a basketball game between our class and Class 5.A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. is going to have7There _some juice and some cakes on the table.A. isB. areC. amD. be8 All the students are working hard now._. Because all of them want to go to good colleges.A. So are they B. Neither they are C. So they are D. So they do9My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. . Shall we go together?A. So do I B. So I do C. So will I D. So I will10I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike? .A. So has he B. So he does C. Neither has he D. Neither he has11-My mother and I will go to Shanghai this summer. -_. Shall we go together?A. So do I B. So can I C. So am I D. So will I12He swam in the river this summer. _A. So did he. B. So she did. C. So did she13 My mother hardly watches any sports shows. _.A. So do I B. So does mineC. Neither do ID. Neither does mine14-I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather.-_. I cant stand all this rain.A. I dont care B. Its hard to say C. So am I D. I hope not15Tom likes English ,_A .Neither does PaulB. So does PaulC. So has PaulD. Neither has Paula16There _an old clock, a computer and some books on the desk.A. have B. are C. is D. has17Not only , but I learned some knowledge.A. did I help other people B. do I helped other peopleC. I helped other people D. helping other people18-Peter knows many people here. -_ A. So do I B. So am I C. Neither am I D. Neither do I19My sister has never visited Eiffel Tower. How about you? _.A. So have I B. So did I C. Neither I have D. Neither have I20-David will never _ though he fails again and again. -_. So I believe both of you will succeed one day.A. give up, Neither will you B. give off, Neither you willC. take up, So will you D. take off, So you will21-If you dont go to Lucys birthday party this evening,_.-What a pity! She must be very sad if you dont appear.A. so do I B. neither will I C. so will I D. neither do I22- I will go to visit the Great Wall. - _A. So do I B. So I do C. So will I D. So I will23Here _ the results _ the students activity survey.A. is; with B. are; of C. is; of24 Jim went swimming with his parents yesterday afternoon. _.A. So Mary did B. So Mary does C. So Mary was D. So did Mary 25I havent seen the interesting movie Let the Bullet（子弹）Fly. _ .A. Neither have I B. So have IC. Neither I haveD. So I have26-In recent years，more and more Americans like traveling during holidays-_.ASo do we Chinese BSo will we Chinese CSo we Chinese do DSo We Chinese will27-John likes walking in the countryside.-_. They enjoy a good time together every time.A. So does his wifeB. So his wife doesC. Neither does his wifeD. His wife does so28- I have changed my job. - . A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have29He has many books on science ._.A. So I haveB. So I do C. So do I30Tom does well in skating, and _.A. so does Jim B. so Jim doesC. so is Jim D. So Jim is（虚拟语气）虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形decide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.中考复习虚拟语气专项练习1-Will you come to the party? -_ you also invite Blade.A. Why not B. Only if C. If not D. When2If I _ you, I _ go there.A. is; will B. is; would C. were; would D. was; will3If it rain tomorrow， Well go on a trip.A. isnt B. doesnt C. wont4I dont know if he _tomorrow.A. Will come B. comes C. came D. has come5The headmaster with his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain6If I _ a million dollars, I would give it to medical research.A. will have B. haveC. had D. am having7If I _ you, I would say another student could do it better.A. was B. were C. were D. are8What would you do if you the lottery?I give half of the money to charities.A. win, willB. win, wouldC. won, willD. won, would9I am too busy now. If I_ free, I _to the cinema with you.A. am; will go B. am; would go C. were; would go D. was; was going10What_ you do if you had a million dollars ? A. would B. will C. did D. do11 Im going to Larrys party. But I dont know what to wear.If I _ you, I _ wear a dress.A. am; will B. were; willC. were; would D. am; would12If I _ you, I _ be afraid .Awas, wouldnt Bwere, wont Cwere, wouldnt 13 If I _Alice, I _them the truth.A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D. is , will tell14- If I_ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. -If I _ you, I would give it to charity.A. will have, am B. would have, was C. had, were D. have, is15If I _ you, I would _ my homework myself.A. was; did B. am; do C. were; do D. is; did16-What would you do if you a million dollars? -If I you, Id give it to medical research.A. got, were B. win, am C. won, am D. get, were17What _ you _ if you had a million dollars?A. would, did B. will, do C. would, do D. will, did18 Come and join us, Ben! Im afraid I cant. Im too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go.A. hadB. will haveC. have hadD. have19-What would you do if you _ a million dollars?-Id give it to the charityA. win B. won C. will win D. is to win20Mum, can I go shopping with Gina?Well, If I were you, I homework first. A. will do B. have to finish C. must finish D. would do21Its difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to school. We think a bridge_ over the riverA. was built B. should be built C. has been built D. is being built22 What would you do if you _ a million dollars? I would give it to charity.A. have B. had C. will have D. would have23If I _ a candle, I would light the world bright.A. am B. are C. be D. were24-What would you do if you _ a million dollars?-Id give it to the charityA. win B. won C. will winD. is to win25-Come and join us.- Im sorry, but Im busy. If I _ time, I would go.A. have B. hadC. will have D. have had26 I dont know what to wear at the party. If I you, I would wear a shirt and a tie.A. amB. isC. wereD. was27If I _ ten years younger, I _ piano lessons and go to a music college.A. am; will take B. was; took C. were; will take D. were; would take26参考答案1B【解析】略2C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。3B【解析】这题考查时态的用法，if条件句中用一般现在时代替将来时，而且这里要填助动词的否定式，选B。4A【解析】考查时态。tomorrow 为将来的时间故用一般将来时态，所以选A。5A【解析】考查主谓一致和if从句。with连接几个主语时，与第一个保持一致。排除B、D；if条件句用一般现在时代替将来时，排除C。句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同学明天将要去杭州天堂公园。”故选A。6C【解析】这题考查if的非真实条件句的用法，如果和事实不符合，if条件句和主句要用虚拟语气，和现在的事实相反，if条件句用过去时，主句用would do，所以选C。句意是：如果我有1百万美元，我会把它给医学研究。7B【解析】在if虚拟条件句中，be用were，故本题选B。8D【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导的条件状从指将来的情况，用过去式，should+do或用were to+do结构；I give half of the money to charities.也是虚拟语气，省略了if条件状从，指将来，谓语用would+do。所以选D。9C【解析】C if从句用的是虚拟语气，与现实（很忙）相反时，虚拟语气用一般过去时，be统一用were，主句用would do sth.10A【解析】考查点：虚拟语气。解题思路：根据句意:如果你有一百万你将会干什么？ “如果你有一百万”是对现在的一种假设，与现在的事实相反。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构是：主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形，从句用一般过去时态。故选A。11C【解析】试题分析：根据题干，本句的意思应是“如果我是你，我将穿一件裙子。”“我”是不可能成为“你”，所以本句是一个虚拟语气。对于虚拟语气，从句应该用过去式（be动词，不论是第几人称，都用were），主句用would do。所以本题选C。考点：本题考查虚拟语气。点评：完成本题时注意区分虚拟语气和if引导的条件状语从句。虚拟语气是不可能发生的，是一种假设情况；而if引导的条件状语从句，是有可能发生的。如果不明白这两者的区别，就比较容易发错。12C【解析】试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是如果我是你，我就不害怕。考查的是虚拟语气的基本用法。条件用过去时，主句要用过去将来时，故选C。考点：虚拟语气点评：虚拟语气其实就是if引导条件状语从句时，词义为“如果”，不过这个条件是无法实现的。从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时表示，则主句中的谓语动词用过去将来时。13B【解析】试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一种是虚拟的条件句，if后用过去时，be用were，在英文的实际使用中应该注意它们的区别。【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。故选C 15C【解析】本题考查的虚拟语气，从句be动词用were，故选答案为C16A【解析】本题是考查的虚拟语气，对于将来的假设，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时，且be动词为were，故选A17C【解析】本题是对于虚拟语气的特殊疑问句的考查，根据句子的结构，选C18A【解析】句意：本，来加入我们吧！恐怕我不能。我现在太忙。如果我有时间，我一定会去的。结合语境可知条件状语从句中描述的是与现在相反的事实，故条件状语从句中用一般过去时态，选。考点：虚拟语气19B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？我会把它捐给慈善机构。结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。考点：if引导的条件状语从句点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：20D【解析】试题分析：句意：妈妈，我能和吉娜去购物吗？哦，如果我是你，我会首先完成作