名词性从句导学案.doc

名词性从句导学案一、 什么是主语、宾语和表语？1. 主语通常为名词、代词、动名词和不定式等。Our class made great progress in the exams.Communicating with your classmates is good for your study.2. 宾语一般是名词代词，通常位于谓语动词之后。He can recite the passage fluently.He got high marks in chemistry.3. 表语一般为名词、形容词和介词短语等，通常位于系动词（be, become, grow）之后。She is ill because of the change of the weather.You must be very happy when you met your old friends.练习：请写出划线部分的句子成分1. Old factory buildings have many halls and workshops of different sizes. a ( ) b ( )2. Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain. a ( ) b ( ) c ( )3. It is impossible to go to all the countries to learn the basic geography. a ( ) b( ) c ( )4. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens made their voices heard today. a ( ) b ( ) c ( )5. The company sent out a group of angry men armed with sticks to fight with the citizens. a ( ) b ( ) c ( )二、什么是名词性从句？主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。1. 主语从句（The Subject Clause）主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。当主语从句是陈述句时，引导词通常用that, that在句中不可省略，如主语从句是疑问句，则根据句子的意思选择相应的引导词，如who, what, which, when, where, how ,why 等。注意：有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语置于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。(1) That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.(2) Whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided.(3) Who won the game is now known,(4) How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.(5) It remains unknown who has let out the secret.2. 宾语从句（The Object Clause）宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。当宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词通常用that, that在句中可省略，如宾语从句是疑问句，则根据句子的意思选择相应的引导词，如who, what, which, when, where, how ,why 等。注意：当宾语从句后面有宾语补主语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放于句末，其基本结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾补+宾语从句(1) They realize that it is of great value to keep their original language.(2) Many parents dont understand why their children like to try new things and be different.(3) Can you imagine what will happen next？(4) They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.(5) Do you think it necessary that we must master at least a foreign language?3. 表语从句（The Predicative Clause）表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。当表语从句是陈述句时，引导词通常用that, that在句中不可省略，如主语从句是疑问句，则根据句子的意思选择相应的引导词，如who, what, which, when, where, how ,why 等。(1) This is how Henry solved the problem.(2) The question is why we must do it.(3) What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.4. 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词（如fact, idea, news, promise，truth, word, proposal, suggestion, answer, decision等）的后面，用于说明或解释前面的名词的内容。引导同位语从句的词有that, that在句中不可省略；少数情况下也可用连接副词how, when, where等。(1) The fact that Great Britain consists of three countries is still unknown to many people.(2) The idea that England stands for Fish and Chips, Speakers Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of Landon is past.(3) I have no idea when he will be back.练习：先找出下面的句子所含的从句，并说出它们分别是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句。 1. One advantages of playing the guitar is that it brings us a lot of fun. ( ) 2. Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game. ( ) 3. He often asks me the question whether the work was worth doing. ( ) 4. What makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. ( ). 5. I just wonder how I can get along well with such a person. ( ) 6. It is reported that two people were injured in the accident. ( ) 7. There are signs that people here are living a better life. ( ) 8. He has made it clear that he wouldnt come back to the company. ( )三、名词性从句的考点及难点1. 引导词that和what的用法区别 that 在引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；what在引导名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，还在从句中充当主语，宾语和表语。 The trouble is that they have eaten too much junk food. The trouble is what they have eaten is junk food. 考例1：People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. what C. how D. which 考例2：_ we are badly in need of money is not a secret. A. that B. what C. how D. which2. 引导词if和whether的用法和区别 If和whether作“是否”解，引导宾语从句时可互换，但在下面的情况只能用whether： 作介词的宾语时；引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时。 改错：It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it. The question is if he will lend us a hand in solving the problem.3. 名词性从句的语序名词性从句要用陈述语序代替疑问语序。改错：Have you got any idea where has he gone? Do you know how many students are there in this class?4. 名词性从句的时态当主句是过去时态，从句（特别是宾语从句）通常也要用过去的某种时态。改错：The teacher asked me How many English words I have learned. She asked if the government will take measures to bring down the prices.5. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用在表示请求、建议、要求、命令等意义的名词性从句中，从句常用“should +动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should一般可以省略。考例1：Mother ordered that we _ the homework first. A. must do B. can do C. should do D. would do 6. who/ whoever, what/ whatever 等的用法和区别一般来说，what/ who等含特指意义，而what/ whatever 等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/ 无论谁”。考例1：Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please? （2009全国I） A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever考例2：It is a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever考例3：_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who7. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句和定语从句通常都跟在某一名词后面，都可用that, which, where, when来引导。 值得注意的是同位语从句中的that不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的that要充当从句的主语或宾语；定语从句的引导词where，when与前面的名词概念一致，而同位语从句中的where，when与前面的名词概念上不一致。 考例1：The news _ the plan would take off on time made us happy. A. what B. that C. which D. it 考例2：The news _ was about the accident made us sad. A. what