四级翻译2-定语的翻译.doc

英语中的定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分, 通常为了说明被修饰的性质与特征, 常用来作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、动词、不定式、动词- ing、过去分词、介词短语及从句。定语的位置有两种, 一是置于被修饰的词前, 叫前置定语。二是置于被修饰词之后, 叫后置定语。现将他们的用法归纳如下, 以供大家参考。 一、使用前置定语的情况1. 形容词作前置定语。例如: She asked me whether small oranges are often sweeter than big ones. 2.名词作前置定语。例如: There are thirty women teachers in our school. 3. 代词作前置定语。例如: This coat is too big for me, show me another one. 4. 数词前置定语。例如: I enjoyed that story book, Id like to read it a second time. 5. 动词-ing作前置定语。例如: Do you know the crying girl on the swimming pool? 6. 分词作前置定语。例如: The speaking boy is practicing spoken English. _二、使用后置定语的情况 ( 一) 形容词作后置定语 1.形容词作定语修饰以- thing/body结尾的复合不定代词时要后置。例如:I will tell you something interesting. Anybody young wishes to enter the army. 2.形容词短语作定语要后置。例如:We study in a classroom large enough to hold 100 students. 3. 形容词被量度词修饰时, 量度词与形容词一起后置。例如:There is a tree 5 metres tall in front of her house. He walked over a bridge 30 metres wide. 4. 由前缀a- 开头的形容词作定语时要后置, 常见的有:asleep, afraid, alone, awake, alive, ashamed, ablaze等。例如:The girl afraid of dogs usually stays at home at night.Time alone will show you who was right. ( 二) 副词作后置定语 例如:On my way home, I found a wallet with a lot of money in it.The young man upstairs often comes home very late. ( 三) 介词短语作后置定语 例如:Players from the six countries met together in friendly contests.The man in charge of the company is her father.May the friendship between us last forever! ( 四) 非谓语动词作后置定语 1.动词不定式作定语时要后置。例如: He said there was nothing to worry about. The English teacher told us he had a composition to write.She is a nice person with whom to work. I cant decide which pen to buy. 2.分词(或短语) 作修饰语时要后置。例如: (找出定语成分)The student reading the newspaper comes from Japan.The bike being repaired by the worker is made in Shanghai.Is there a student called Tom in your class? The building built last year will be equipped with modern facilities. ( 五) 句子作后置定语 如果是一个句子修饰名词或代词时, 句子后置就形成了我们学习的定语从句。例如:The man who is talking to a foreigner is my brother. 关于定语从句：（详见文档“附1-定语从句”）1. 她是一个喜欢读书的女孩。She is a girl who likes reading.2. Jerry 是一个美国男孩，他来自纽约。Jerry is an American boy, who comes from New York.3. 这个西瓜又大又甜，我真想吃。 I really want to eat the watermelon which is big and sweet.4. 他就是昨天被警察抓住的小偷。 He is the thief who was caught by the police yesterday.5. 这些书是我昨天从新华书店买来的。 These are the books that I bought in the Xinhua Bookstore yesterday.6. Sam是我的朋友，他上周和我一起去悉尼旅游。Sam is my friend, who traveled to Sydney with me last week.7. 这个礼堂真漂亮，里面有很多漂亮的灯和窗。 The auditorium, in which there are many beautiful lamps and windows, is very beautiful. 8. 这些皮鞋是由温州的工人们制造出来的。These are the shoes which are made by workers from Wenzhou.9. 我家养了一只狗，它很喜欢啃骨头。My family keeps a dog, which likes gnawing bones very much. 10. 这是一个很大的水池，里面养了很多漂亮的鱼。 This is a very big pool where there are many beautiful fish.练习：旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众愈来愈大的注意。许多人给报纸写信，就促进中国的旅游业的发展出了种种建议。人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流，还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。译文1：Tourism is a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world.It is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public. Many people have written to the press and made suggestions on how to promote the development of tourism in China.It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology, and help accumulate funds for Chinas great cause.译文2：Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public. Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilita