听力辅导必备词汇与缩写.doc

听力辅导:高口听力中必备的特殊词汇 一、地理河流：Danube多瑙河(欧洲南部河流) Nile尼罗河(非洲东北部河流) Rhine莱茵河(源出瑞士境内的阿尔卑斯山,贯穿西欧多国)Mississippi密西西比河(发源于美国中北部湖沼区,南注墨西哥湾 Seine 塞纳河法国 Amazon 亚马逊河(南美洲大河) 山脉：Alps 阿尔卑斯山 Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉 Everest珠穆朗玛峰(世界最高峰) Rockies洛矶山脉 二、国际机构、组织的缩写ABC warfare: Atomic-biological-chemical warfare 原子、生物、化学战ABM Treaty: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 反弹道导弹条约ADB: Asian Development Bank 亚洲发展银行 AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症AID: Agency for International Development 国际开发总署APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经合组织ARATS: Association for Relations Across Taiwan Straights 海峡两岸关系协会ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟ATM: Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机BP: British Petroleum Company 英国石油公司BSE: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 疯牛病CIA: Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体Commonwealth 英联邦国家CPPCC: Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference （中国） 全国人民政治协商会议 CTBT: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 全面禁止核武器条约 DPRK: The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea朝鲜民主主义人民共和国DMZ: Demilitarized Zone非军事区ERM: Exchange Rate Mechanism欧洲货币体系汇率机制EU: European Union 欧盟FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation 美国联邦调查局GATT: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定GMT: Greenwich Mean Time=Universal Time 格林尼治时间/世界时间GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值HAMAS: 哈马斯IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross 国际红十字委员会ILO: International Labor Organization国际劳工组织(联合国)IMF: International Monetary Fund （联合国）国际货币基金组织IOC: International Olympic Committee国际奥林匹克委员会 IRA：Irish Republican Army 爱尔兰共和军IPR: Intellectual property rights 知识产权LCD: Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏LSE: London Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所M&A: Merger and Acquisition 兼并与收购MP: Member of Parliament （英国）下院议员NAM: Non-aligned Movement 不结盟运动 NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration （美国）国家航空和航天局NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织NBA: National Basketball Association美国职业篮球联赛NGO: Non-governmental Organization 非政府机构NMD: National Missile Defense国家导弹防御系统NPC: National Peoples Congress （中国）全国人民代表大会OAU: Organization of African Unity 非统，非洲统一组织 OFT: Office of Fair Trading 公平交易局OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries欧佩克石油输出国家组织OTC: Over-the-Counter 场外交易/非处方药PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization 巴勒斯坦解放组织PNTR: Permanent Normal Trade Relation 永久正常贸易关系 ROK: Republic of Korea 韩国 SAR: Special Administrative Region （香港/澳门）特别行政区SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeSEF: Straits Exchange Foundation (台湾)海峡交流基金会SEZ: Special Economic Zone (中国)经济特区UPU: Universal Postal Union 万国邮政联盟UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织UNDP: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 联合国开发计划署UNICEF：United Nations Childrens Fund联合国儿童基金会 WB: World Bank 世界银行WFP: World Food Program (联合国)世界粮食计划署WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WTO: World Trade Organization 世贸组织WTO: World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织 三、国际政要科菲安南 (Kofi A. Annan)联合国秘书长金正日 (Kim Jong Il) 朝鲜领导人小泉纯一郎 (Junichiro Koizumi) 日本首相亚西尔阿拉法特 (Yasser Arafat) 巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿里埃勒沙龙(Ariel Sharon) 以色列总理沙龙卡扎菲(Gaddafi)利比亚领导人托尼布莱尔 (Tony Blair)英国首相弗拉基米尔普京 (Vladimir Putin) 俄罗斯联邦总统康多莉扎赖斯 (Condoleezza Rice) 美国国务卿科林卢瑟鲍威尔 (Colin Luther Powell) 美国前任国务卿( Secretary of State)艾伦格林斯潘 (Alan Greenspan) 美联储主席（Board of Governors/Chairman of the Federal Reserve System） 四、词汇归类如在巴以冲突的新闻中, Israel, Palestinian leader, withdraw撤军, West Bank, terrorist, Jerusalem, HAMAS, 等等是“出镜率”较高的词汇。五、新闻词汇新闻动词：普通动词 词义 aid：help 帮助 ask：require 要求 back：support支持 ban：prohibit 禁止 bid：attempt试图 check：examine检查 curb：control/ restrict控制 cut：reduce 减少 end：terminate终止 face：confront对抗 head：direct指导 hurt：injure伤害 kill：murder谋杀 launch：begin开始poise： ready for action 准备行动 use：utilize 使用 voice：express表示 top：exceed超过trade：exchange交易 talk：negotiation谈判听力辅导:缩写与Spot Dictation一、缩写练习： 第一段缩写训练答案： Many pls favorite hob is sports. Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb, games for(4) 2/4 pl, like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . Indiv spt like run(g)/swim(g). Pl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason. 1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.逐句讲解Many pls favorite hob is sports. pl =people Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb, Ty=they thr= their thm=them +=much +/+2=more +3=most =little 2less 3least the most beautiful girl = +3 beautiful girlthe highest mountain = +3 high -=of spr =spare (g)ing game=gm footb= football baseb =baseball/=or games for(4) 2/4 pl, 4=for 2/4=2 or 4like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . c spt like run(g)/swim(g).Sm=some Pl=people 2=to prac= practice . =a/an indiv= individual run(g)=running swim(g).= swimming /=orPl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason. Pl= people prac= practice .=a spt= sport1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.1st= First, ty= they & = and .Nd= need kp= keep _=in -=of tt=that b+2= betterm+2=more smsome exerexercise注意：Spot Dictation中少用符号第一段缩写训练原文 Many peoples favorite hobby is sports. They spend much of their spare time playing team games like football or baseball, games for two or four people, like tennis, or golf. Some people like to practice an individual sport like running or swimming. People usually practice a sport for at least three reasons. First, they enjoy it and second, they feel a need to keep fit in that they feel better after they had some exercise.二、 缩写4种方法： 1、 拿掉所有元音Eg. market-mkt standard-std message-msg receive-rcv2、 保留开头几个字母Eg. Information-info Insurance-Ins Exchange-exch Individual-indivThe STD MKTI RCV . MSG frm th indiv plI want to exch info with u 3、 保留开头和结尾Eg. Week-wk Need- nd Meet-mt Room-rm4、 根据发音Eg. Are-r Though-tho Through-thru三、 缩写中的常用缩略词Good-gd important-imp Include-incd market-mkt Situation-sitn regular-regl life=lf Reference-ref necessary-ncry Apartment-apt apt 右上方加表示ment后缀according-acdg( g=ing) Advertisement-ad advice-adv amount AMT conform-cfmCondition-cond Under no condition by no means department-dept Explain-expln impossible-imps Model-mdl observe-obs Ordinary-ord accept-acpt Balance-bal cancel-cncl Exchange-exch individual-indiv Position-posn product-prodRepresentative-rep repeat-rpt Please-pls possible-poss Receive-rcv练习部分this is a good important market here is the necessary advice I wantI will accept the position as a manager频率高的词用缩写考试时尽量用学过的缩写，不要用太多四、 地名简写： Korea : K Sweden : SD Switzerland: SW Australia: AA Israel : IS Italy : IT Spain: SP通常是提取国家单词的首字母五、 缩写中较长单词的处理：-ism-m eg. Socialism 社会主义 S(m):local -tion-n eg. Standardization 原始化 std(n)凡是从原始动词延伸出来的各种形容词、名字、副词，只需写出动词，各种形式从缩写的右上方进行添加处理。-ing-g eg. Marketing=mkt(g) -ment-mt eg. Amendment =amend(mt) -ble-bl eg. Available=av(bl)注：遇到以able或ible为后缀的词，可以提取bl作为信息点写在这个词的右上方-ful-fl eg. Meaningful mn(fl) 复习一下：缩写的四种方法是：1、拿掉原因保留2、保留开头几个字母3、保留开头和结尾4、根据发音缩写地名和较长单词的缩写方法六、 本单元测试But spt is not just 4 participants. Its 4 spect(o) too. M pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at stadiums. Pl enjoy be(g) fans/supp(o) 1 team & many prof. are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star.逐句分析：But spt is not just 4 participants.But向上的箭头或自己创造 sptsport 4for注：遇到动词延伸的人称，可以写出动词后在右上角划一个圆圈：work(0)=worker teach(0)=teacher核心词compete及延伸词compete=comp comp(o)= competitor comp(v)=competitive 注：缩写词右上方加v表示那些以ive结尾的形容词comp (n)=competition comp (g)=competing Its 4 spect(o) too. spect(o)= spectatorM pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at sta