讲义-全能三-Lesson10.doc

- Peggy- Sat. Dec. 31st, 2011授课讲义SubjectNCE2（全能三）TeacherPeggyTimes第9次听写得分： Lesson 10 Not for jazzNew words and expressions learning1. jazz n. 爵士音乐 e.g.: Do you like listening to jazz? 你喜欢听爵士音乐吗？ She tried to play jazz on the piano. and all that jazz 诸如此类的东西 Play jazz 演奏爵士乐 classical music 古典音乐 folk music 民间音乐 pop music 流行音乐 rock and roll 摇滚乐 rap 拉普乐(说唱音乐)2. musical adj. 音乐的 擅长音乐的，喜爱音乐的e.g.: musical instrument 乐器 musical performance 演奏a musical child 有音乐天赋（或爱好音乐）的孩子 music n. 音乐，乐谱 to listen to music 听音乐 to read music 识乐谱 musician n. 音乐家 music 可放在名词前充当定语，表“有关音乐的”。 e.g.: a music teacher 音乐教师 a music lesson 音乐课 a music lover 音乐爱好者3. recently adv. 最近，新近（常用在现在完成时和过去时中） e.g.: The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Boston. 这家公司最近在波士顿中心买了一幢新的办公楼。 Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. 近来情况变得如此糟糕，以致他决定节食了。 recent adj. 新近的，近来的，近代的 e.g.: recent news 最近的消息 a recent acquaintance 新近的相识，新朋友4. damage n. 损失，损害，损坏；使受损 e.g.: The storm did a lot of damage to the crops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。 The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。 do damage to/ cause damage to 损害，破坏 damage & destroy & ruin 三个词都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思Damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复”。e.g.: The heavy rain damaged many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。Destroy 指“彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复”。e.g.: That town was destroyed in a big fire. 那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。Ruin 现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。e.g.: He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。5. key n. 钥匙 键 解答，答案(= answer) 关键性人物 / adj. 主要的，关键的e.g.: We have a key for the doctor of the house and a key for starting the car. 我们有房间门的钥匙和发动汽车的钥匙。 the keys of a piano 钢琴琴键 the keys of a type-writer 打字机键 a key to the grammar exercises 语法练习答案 hold the keys of 控制，支配 the key to the questions 问题答案 the entrance to the hall 厅口 the train to London 开往伦敦的火车6. shock n. 撞击，打击；令人不快的消息/ 电击，电震 v. 使震惊；使激怒 e.g.: It was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他是一个沉重的打击。 An electric shock can kill you. 电击可致人于死地。 I was shocked when I heard about your accident. 当听到你出事后我很震惊。 culture shock 文化冲击(指一旦置身于异国文化的生活方式中，由于心理或生理上的不习惯而产生的不安情绪) Be shocked 感到震惊 be shocking 令人震惊 be surprised at/ by （中性）使惊讶，be shocked at/ by (贬义)震惊 be astonished at/ by 目瞪口呆7. allow vi.&vi. 允许，准许 使得以发生 e.g.: Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不准吸烟。 Allow me to introduce Miss Green. 请允许我介绍一下格林小姐。 The government servants arent allowed to accept rewards. 公务员不得接受酬谢。 allow for 考虑，顾及 e.g.: We must allow for him inexperience. 我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。 Allow doing 允许做某事 e.g.: We dont allow smoking. 我们不允许抽烟。 Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 e.g.: My mean boss doesnt allow us to use the telephone. 老板很小气，不准我们用电话。 permit & allow & let 都含“准许”的意思。Permit 和 allow 在许多情况下可以通用，但它较allow正式，含有“积极地、从正面允许”的意义。e.g.: They dont permit you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。Allow 指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”，偏重“默许”或“听任”，含义较消极。e.g.: Each passenger is allowed twenty-five kilogrammers of luggage. 每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。Let 是三个词中最不正式的，较口语化，而且语意最弱，指“给予可能或同意”，有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意。e.g.: Let him wait. 让他等一等。 Explanation for the text1. We have an old musical instrument. 我家有件古乐器。 含一般现在时的简单句。 Have 为实意动词“有” 此句还可表达为：There is an old musical instrument in my home. have sth. 有某物have 是一个很活跃的动词，跟不同的词搭配有很多意思。e.g.: have breakfast 吃早饭 have a fever 发烧 have a good time 度过一段愉快的时光 have a running nose 流鼻涕2. It was made in Germany in 1681. 它是1681年在德国制造的。 含一般过去时的简单句。 Make 实际上是被动用法，但 be made in 已成为固定搭配。 be made in 某地制造 e.g.: This shirt is made in China. 这件衬衣是中国产的。 be made of 某种材料制成 e.g.: The tea pot is made of silver. 这茶壶是银造的。 Be made from 用数种材料制成 e.g.: Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由沙子和石灰制成的。 Be made by 有某人制造 e.g.: This cake was made by my sister. 我姐姐做的这个蛋糕。3. It has belonged to our family for a long time. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了。 含现在完成时的简单句。 belong to 属于，无被动式。类似的词还有：take place/ happen 发生 e.g.: That book belongs to me. 那本书属于我。 That dictionary belongs to the library. 那本词典是图书馆的。4. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. 父亲的一个朋友正在修理它。 简单句。含现在进行时的被动语态。 a friend of my fathers = one of my fathers friends 双重所有格 e.g.: Tom lent me one of his books. = Tom lent me a book of his. Grammar Focus被动语态（1）“It is called a clavichord.”被动语态相对于主动语态而言。主动语态的结构一般为：施动者+谓语+受动者。而在被动语态中，受动者是被强调对象，施动者不重要，由by引出即可，甚至无需说出，构成方式：受动者+助动词be+过去分词+（by+施动者）。时态通过be表现出来。看下列示例：一般现在时：Our clavichord is kept in the living room.(本文)Now we are not allowed to touch it. (本文)History is made by the people. 历史是由人民谱写的。一般过去时：It was made in Germany in 1681. （本文）Recently it was damaged by a visitor. (本文)The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. (本文)一般将来时：You wont be allowed to take so much luggage with you. 你不能带这么多行李。现在进行时：It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. (本文)A new railway is being built. 一条新的铁路正在修建。过去进行时：The roads were being widened. 那时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时：The aircraft has been redesigned. 飞船已被重新设计。过去完成时：He said production costs had been greatly reduced. 他说生产成本已大幅度下降。 ExercisesLook at this example:阅读以下例句：This dress belongs to my sister. It is hers.Do these in the same way:模仿例句，完成下列句子：1. These things belong to my husband. They are .2. This coat belongs to me. It is .3. These shoes belong to my wife. They are .4. These pens belong to Tom and Betty. The pens are .5. This suitcase belong