大学英语泛读第10课.doc

10. More than Just a Shrine: Paying Homage to the Ghosts of Ellis Island一 主旨要义 Main idea: Through describing her journey to Ellis Island, Mary Gordon reveals her sympathy and empathy with the immigrants, her criticism of the settlers wrongdoings towards them, and also her appeal to the recognition of their contribution to the development of the United States.二 语篇分析 (Text Analyses)（1）课文结构分析 (Text Organization) The text can be roughly divided into six parts:Part I (Para. 1-2) (L1- L18)The essay begins with the authors meeting with a Russian linguist, who is particularly interested in her mixed ancestry. But the author doesnt think that the Russian linguist, and maybe many others, can really understand the immigrants and the significance of Ellis Island. Part II. (Para. 3-4) (L. 19- L43)The author expresses her hardness and unwillingness to identify herself with the main course, and her real purpose in visiting Ellis Island. Part III. (Para. 5-7) (L. 44- L 72)In this part the author casts back the history of how Ellis Island became the immigration reception headquarter. Part IV. (Para. 8-12) (L. 73- L. 128)The authors journey into Ellis Island is mingled with her reflection on the nations more and more rigor immigrations policies and her reflection on wrong doings, particularly the inhuman medical inspections, to the immigrants.Part V. (Para. 13-14) (L. 129- L. 151)This part is about the authors imagination about her grandparents hard immigration and settlement. Part VI. (Para. 15) (L. 152- 175)In response to the question at the beginning of the last part, the author expresses her sympathy and empathy with the immigrants, her criticism of the settlers wrong doings towards them, her refusal of the identity with the main course, and her appeal to the recognition of their contribution to the development of the United States.三 课文导读 （1）生词与短语 1. pay homage to (Title) = do homage to: show ones respect to向.表示敬意Whenever on bus, we should pay homage to those that are aged by giving them our seats. 2. reflect upon (Introduction): think carefully and seriously 沉思, 思考Please reflect on your actions!3. immigration reception headquarter (Introduction): 移民接待总部4. estimate (Introduction): calculate approximately 推测I estimated his age at 40.5. immigrant (Introduction): (从外国)移来的移民 emigrant （从本国）移走的移民6. ancestor (Introduction) n. 祖先, 祖宗 ancestry n. 家系, 血统 ethnic background 种族背景7. compulsively (L. 2): adv. uncontrollably 强制地, 禁不住地He managed to make the Jury believe that he had done that only compulsively. 8. the boiling potters and the main course (L. 14): the boiling potters refer to those who or whose ancestors came to America as immigrants; while, the main course refers to those whose ancestor came as settlers. The two expressions are metaphors.9. mount (L. 23): to set in a raised position 安装，安置to mount a bed on blocks. 把床安放到垫木上10. maple sugar (L. 23): 槭（枫）糖 sugar maple 糖枫（树的一种）11. headdress (L. 24) n. 头巾，头饰12. gleam (L. 24): vi. flash or glowCourage gleamed in his eyes.13. inhabit (L. 27): vt. remain in, stay in 留存在Thoughts inhabit the mind. 思想寓于心灵。Near him, I could almost believe that I still inhabited my old days. 在他身边，我几乎可以认为自己仍生活在旧日时光之中。14. blur (L. 27): to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance; obscure 使外观或面目模糊不清的；晦涩的His eyes were blurred with tears.15. purport (L. 31): claim 声称，自称His plans are not what they purport to be. 16. humbling (L. 35): causing to be ashamed 令人羞愧的17. obedience (L. 39): n. 服从18. dehumanization (L. 39): n.灭绝人性,非人化19. richer (L. 42): more fragrant 更加馥郁的20. scandalously (L. 57): adv. indecently 不体面地21. inadequate (L. 57): adj. 不充分的22. prospect (L. 64): probable happening 预期She doesnt like the prospect of having to live alone. 23. experience (L. 75): a series of events 一系列的事件24. the dispossessed (L. 79): the helpless ones; the ones that have nothing left 无助的人；一无所有的人25. on the mainland (L. 96): in America 26. took in (L. 98): acceptedYou can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments. 你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。27. rooted in fact (L. 101): based on fact 是基于事实的（合理的）28. biased (L. 106): prejudiced 有偏见的gave a biased account of the trial 对事件做出有偏见的描述29. machinery (L. 108): operation 运作30. collapse (L. 108): break down 崩溃，瓦解the collapse of plans 31. under its own weight (L. 109): under its own pressure32. issue (L. 110): give; hand out 发放33. obsolete (L. 111): no longer in use 废弃的an obsolete word 已废的词34. obsessed (L. 116): troubled 困扰Suspicion obsessed him. 35. initial (L. 123): the first letter of each word of a persons complete name 人名每一部份的第一个字母stationery monogrammed with her initials 印有她姓名首字母的信笺36. taking a risk (L. 156) = run a risk: adventure 冒险He is not willing to take the risk of losing his job. 37. turn up (L. 174): increase the volume of 开大音量 turn down: decrease the volume of 关小音量（2）难句改写 (Paraphrase)1. When I told him about my mixed ancestry my mother is Irish and Italian, my father a Lithuanian Jew he began jumping up and down in his seat, rubbing his hands together, and licking his lips even more frantically. (L. 6) My ancestry is mixed, because my mother is Irish and Italian, and my father is a Lithuanian Jew. When I told the Russian this, he become excited and extremely interested, jumping up and down in his seat, rubbing his hands together, and licking his lips even more crazily.2. Ellis Island is, though; its the one place I can be sure my people are connected to. (L. 32)However, Ellis Island is my history; and it is the very place that I can be certain that my ancestors are related to.3. The minute I set foot upon the island I could feel all that it stood for: insecurity, obedience, anxiety, dehumanization, the terrified and careful deference of the displaced. (L. 38)As soon as I stepped onto Ellis Island I could feel all the things it stood for: insecurity, obedience, worry, dehumanization, and the frightened and cautious respect of the immigrants to the inspectors.4. I walked in the deathlike expansiveness of the rooms disuse and tried to think of what it might have been like, filled and swarming. (L. 84)Since the room was in disuse, it was deathlike, and this deathlike atmosphere expanded here and there. I walked in such an atmosphere, and tried to imagine what it might have been like, fully filled and swarmed with people.5. And to tell the ghosts what I have always thought: that American history was a very classy party that was not much fun until they arrived, brought the good food, turned up the music, and taught everyone to dance. (L. 172)And to tell the immigrants who are already dead what I have always thought: American history was just like a very elegant party that was not interesting before their arrival. It was they who brought the good food, increased the volume of the music, and taught everyone to dance.四 课后练习 （1）解释词义 (Words and Expressions)1. reflect upon (Introduction) _2. compulsively (L. 2) _3. mount (L. 23) _4. inhabit (L. 27) _5. democracy (L. 35) _6. prospect (L. 64) _7. took in (L. 98) _8. rooted in fact (L. 101) _9. under its own weight (L. 109) _10. turn up (L. 174) _（2）细节问答 (Questions)1. Why didnt the author tell the Russian that Ellis Island was the only American landmark shed ever visited?2. Why were the photographs made by Louis Hine and others described to be stark and accusing?3. What had caused the three thousand suicides in the history of Ellis Island?4. What had caused the disuse of the immigration reception headquarter on Ellis Island?5. Can you roughly tell the immigration story of the authors grandparents based on your understanding of the text?（3）改写长难句 (Paraphrase)1. I thought it would be too hard to explain to him the relation of the boiling potters to the main course, and I wanted to get to the British Museum. (L.13)2. I had become part of that humbling democracy of people looking in some site for a past that has grown unreal. (L. 35)3. I hadnt traveled to the Battery and boarded a ferry across from the Statue of Liberty to raise flags or breathe a richer, more triumphant air. I wanted to do homage to the ghosts. (L. 40)4. I came to the island, too, so I could tell the ghosts that I was one of them, and that I honored them their stoicism, and their innocence, the fear that turned them inward, and their pride. (L. 166)5. I wanted to tell them that I liked them better than the Americans who made them pass through the Great Hall and stole their names and chalked their weaknesses in public on their clothing. (L. 169)（4）翻译长难句 (Translation)1. How could I describe to him the estrangement Id always felt from the kind of traveler who visits shrines to Americas past greatness, those rebuilt forts with muskets behind glass and sabers mounted on the walls and gift shops selling maple sugar candy in the shape of Indian headdresses, those reconstructed villages with tables set for fifty and the Paul Revere silver gleaming?2. I felt myself grow insignificant in that room, with its huge semicircular windows, its air, even in dereliction, of solid and official probity.3. She must have watched the New York skyline as the first- and second-class passengers were whisked off the gangplank with the most cursory of inspections while she was made to board a ferry to the new immigration center. (L. 135)4. What could she have made of it this buff-painted wooden structure with its towers and its blue slate roof, a place Harpers Weekly described as “a latter-day watering place hotel”? (L. 139)5. Something had happened to my people on that island, a result of the eternal wrongheadedness of American protectionism and the predictabilities of simple greed. (L. 163)五 课后测验 (Quiz after Class)1. The author didnt want to continue the talk with the Russian linguist, because _A. the Russians habit of compulsively licking his lips made her uneasy.B. she thought it might be bad for dtente if the talk would be continued.C. she thought it would be impossible for him to truly understand the difference between immigrants and settlers in America.D. she thought the mans extreme interest in others ancestry revealed his bias against the immigrants in America.2. Why did the author regard that the places like Plymouth Rock and Gettysburg were not her history?A. To the author, those places were less impressive than the Bastille or Hampton Court B. She had never gone to those places, and therefore disliked to draw any conclusion.C. Those places had been reconstructed and therefore became unreal.D. She didnt want to identify herself with the main course.3. What does the phrase “the displaced” (L. 40) mean?A. It means the people who are taken place ofB. It refers to the people who are treated unjustly by the upper class.C. It means the people who are cruelly deprived of everything.D. It refers to the immigrants who are forced to leave their motherland.4. In the following four choices, which can NOT be the purpose for the author to make a journey to Ellis Island?A. to find her historyB. to find the evidence for the settlers wrong deeds.C. to show her respect to the immigrants who are already dead.D. to identify herself with the so called “boiling potters” like her grandparents5. The short sentence “So much for Emma Lazarus” in Line 65 means _A. that Emma Lazarus also reacted to the prospect of immigrants landing near the Statue of Liberty in horror.B. that the Statue of Liberty was as important to Emma Lazarus as to Fredric Auguste Bartholdi.C. that Emma Lazarus also called that prospect a “monstrous” plan.D. that the prospect would give a beat to Emma Lazarus as heavily as to Fredric Auguste Bartholdi.6. The text tells us that Louis Hine and others took the pictures to make a point. Then, what is the point according to your understanding?A. They wanted to accuse the wrongdoings to immigrants.B. They wanted to directly show the inspection process.C. They wanted to show the difference between the boiling potters and the main course.D. They wanted to persuade the new comers 7. What had rendered the immigration reception headquarter on Ellis Island obsolete?A. the first World WarB. the worsened economy in EuropeC. the First Quota LawD. the Second Quota Law8. What does the word “latter-day” in Line 141 mean?A. modernB. subsequentC. presentD. prospective9. What does the word “but” in Line 153 mean?A. onlyB. howeverC. exceptD. besides10. What does the last sentence in the text tell us?A. There were no music and dance in America before immigrants coming.B. The settlers tended to be formal and uninteresting.C. Americas history is created by immigrants instead of settlers.D. Immigrants contribution to Americas history is inarguable. 课后练习答案 (Keys to Exercises)（1）解释词义 (Words and Expressions)1. think carefully and seriously 沉思, 思考2. uncontrollably 强制地, 禁不住地3. to set in a raised position 安装，安置4. remain in, stay in 留存在5. group 群6. probable happening 预期7. accepted 接受，接纳8. based on fact基于事实的（合理的）9. under its own weight (L. 109): under its own pressure10. increase the volume of 开大音量（2）细节问答 (Questions)1. The author didnt tell the Russian that because it was hard for her to explain and it was impossible for him to understand that distance between the author and other visitors who were interested in places standing for Americas great past. Such distance results from the authors mixed ancestry, and therefore, she willfully refused to identify herself with the main course.2. The photographs were stark because they directly showed the wrong deeds performed by the inspectors and the sufferings of the immigrants without any decoration or devices. They were accusing because through them the photographers accused the ill-treatment and the dehumanization.3. Some immigrants were rejected, and they could not go back to their motherland because going back meant death to some, and unbearable shame to some others. It seemed that committing suicides was a natural end for them.4. The immigration inspection became more and more strict that the operation of immigration almost broke down. Finally, with the announcement of the Second Quota Law of 1924 which stated that all immigrants be inspected and granted visas at American consular offices in Europe, the immigration reception headquarter on Ellis Island became unnecessary. 5. In 1896, the authors 17-year-old grandmother came to America alone from Ireland with a stranger being her warrantor. She worked at first as a domestic servant to some Irish who had become rich. Ten years later, the grandmother married the grandfather, who came from the Island of Sicily with his family, and who had to support his mother and sister even at that time. After they arrived in America, the simple and practical grandparents never left. Instead, they spent all their lives in striving for security, taking on responsibility, and getting used to the new life.（3）改写长难句 (Paraphrase)1. I thought it would be too difficult to explain to the Russian stranger the relation of those who or whose ancestors came to America as immigrants to those whose ancestor came as settlers. In addition, I wanted to go to visit the British Museum.2. When I visit some place o