完形填空七分秘笈.pdf

完形填空flash 2009强化班完形填空flash 2009强化班 笔记笔记 主讲老师 李主讲老师 李 玉玉 技技 目标 7分目标 7分 复习时间 三周足矣三周足矣 分三部分讲解 一 四分技巧 二 四分到七分技巧 三 七分以上 技巧 一 四分技巧 一 四分技巧 与英语水平无关 人人可拿到4分 1 利用1 利用 红花绿叶红花绿叶 原则 原则 2 5道 红花绿叶题 每年 红花词 必选的词 红花词 必选的词 However although yet because 绿叶词 必不选的词 绿叶词 必不选的词 since 11次 ever since now that what what 不放在名词后 不引导定语 和同谓语从句 虚拟语气系列词 if only in case 唯恐 以免 万一 lest or else 否则 要不然 in case lest的虚拟语气跟 should V原 表示与真实情况相反和不相符的情 况 与过去情况相反 从句用过去完成时 与现在情况相反 从句用一般过去时 与将来情况相反 用would could V原形 if only I wish 但愿 要是 注意 only if if 如果 真题范例 44 A Even though B Now that C If only D Provided that 1997 44 its economy continues to recover the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers 解析 if only 后接过去时 若接了一般现在时肯定错 一般现在时表示经常发生的动 作和习惯性行为 一般现在时表示真的发生的事情 而虚拟语气表示假的 不会发生或 没有发生的事情 表示关于的词 as to with regard to with in reference to about 2 利用答案分布的规律 2 利用答案分布的规律 每篇完形填空中 每篇完形填空中A B C D作为正确选项的个数各在作为正确选项的个数各在4 6个之间 个之间 Passage 8 2001 DADBA CDBBA BCBAC ADCDC A 5 B 5 C 5 D 5 Passage 9 2002 ADCBB ADDCB DAACB DACBC A 5 B 5 C 5 D 5 Passage 10 2003 ABCDC BDCAD ADBDC DBACA A 5 B 4 C 5 D 6 Passage 11 2004 CDADA BCDAB ACDBA BBDAC A 6 B 5 C 4 D 5 Passage 12 2005 CBACB ADADB CADCD BCDAB A 5 B 5 C 5 D 5 Passage 13 2006 ABDAD CBCAA CBDCC ABCAD A 6 B 4 C 6 D 4 Passage 14 2007 BDACC DBABC ADACB DCABD A 5 B 5 C 5 D 5 可见 全部选A 得3分 评分时 没2 5分 都给四舍五入为3分 A作为正确选项的个数最多 作为正确选项的个数最多 没有连续三个答案都一样的情况 没有连续三个答案都一样的情况 连续两个答案都一样的情况为连续两个答案都一样的情况为0 3个 个 相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为17 20 在五个一组的答案中 至少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项 在每组接缝处不会连续两 个答案都一样 在五个一组的答案中 至少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项 在每组接缝处不会连续两 个答案都一样 选项答案分布规律 对于阅读阅读 同样适用 阅读阅读20个选项中 A B C D分别平均5个 3 总结 3 总结 得得4分 方法分 方法 利用 红花绿叶 原则 可得至少1分 剩余题全部选A 可得3分 4分分 二 四分到七分技巧 二 四分到七分技巧 与英语水平有点关系 但是关系不大目标 7分目标 7分 1 同义原则 1 同义原则 4 7道 同义词辨析题 每年 在四个选项中 有两个或三个 在四个选项中 有两个或三个实词实词 动 名 形 副 互为同义词时 答案往往 动 名 形 副 互为同义词时 答案往往在其中在其中 在四个选项中 有两个或三个 在四个选项中 有两个或三个虚词虚词 介 连 感叹 互为同义词时 答案往往 介 连 感叹 互为同义词时 答案往往都不选都不选 当四个选项有一个 当四个选项有一个共同意义共同意义时 该意义往往不能入选 要时 该意义往往不能入选 要看选项的特殊含义看选项的特殊含义 真题范例 50 A if B as if C only if D if only 虚 词题 46 A approach B flow C fashion D trend 实词 名词题 1997 46 in American business today 两个实词 C D 互为同义词 答案在其中 解析 approach V 接近 approach to n 方法 途径 approach to flow n 流程 流动 v 流动 涌流 溢过 淹没 fashion n 趋势 与生活有关 方式 流行 时尚 vt 形成 造 作 把 塑造成 trend n 倾向 趋势 与政治 经济有关 vi 伸向 倾向 通向 5 A generally B almost C hardly D not 实词 副词题 大家网考研英语 2006 解析 hardly 放在句首 句子要倒转 Not 放在句首 句子不必倒装 若用hardly 则句子为 hardly does everyone agree on 43 A momentary B prompt C instant D immediate 实词 副词 题 1998 解析 都有 立即 马上 迅速 之意 强调 时间点 不能接时间段 由于四个选项具 有同一个意思 所以该意思肯定不是命题点 换思路 instant immediate都有 直 接地 之意 则 两个实词 C D 互为同义词 答案在其中 instant 与immediate区别 instant 强调使用上很直接 immediate 强调关 系上很直接 直系亲戚 直接后果 例如 instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodle 方便面 immediate superior 顶头上司 42 A For B Because C As D Since 1997 解析 该题用 红花绿叶 原则选B 是错的 这是历年来 红花绿叶 原则失效得特例 再者 由于四个选项具有同一个意思 因为 所以该意思肯定不是命题点 换思路 有 关技巧后面讲 2 逻辑关系题原则 2 逻辑关系题原则 7道左右 逻辑关系题 每年 核心得分点 核心得分点 定义 通过前后句的意思及其内在关系 判定答案的题目 本质上是阅读题 定义 通过前后句的意思及其内在关系 判定答案的题目 本质上是阅读题 真题范例 22 A before B unless C until D because 2004 Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others 解析 engage in 参与 实施 22 前后表因果关系 是前果后因 故选because 41 A other than B as well as C instead of D more than 2000 He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus 解析 consuming 消费观 instead of 而不是 as well as 和 也 表并列 other than 除 之外 41 前后的store和consuming是 对立关系 故选instead of 提 醒 than 表对比时 than前后的结构 形式一定要相同 即than前是 动词原形 动名词 不定式 代词 那么 than后也必须是 动词原形 动名词 不定式 代词 类型 基本上所有连词题以及部分介词 副词 动词题 类型 基本上所有连词题以及部分介词 副词 动词题 内容 五大逻辑关系 对立 内容 五大逻辑关系 对立 包括转折和让步 因果因果 并列并列 总分总分 递进 递进 一 对立关系 一 对立关系 表示对立关系的词表示对立关系的词 1 3分 每年 必须全部背熟 转折 转折 however but yet nevertheless 让步 让步 although though even though 尽管 even if much as also 虽 然 尽管 as while whereas 然而 尽管 其他 其他 against instead of rather than 而不是 admit ignoring 忽略 大家网考研英语 忽视 on the contrary by contrast 相比之下 转折与让步的区别 转折与让步的区别 转折比让步的否定性强 当后句是对前句的完全直接否定时 叫转折 当后句是对前句的间接部分否定时 叫让步 例如 小明学习很努力 但是那是假的 转折 完全直接否定 说明小明根本就不努 力 他装给人看 小明学习很努力 但是他没有通过考试 让步 间接部分否定 没通过考试 不能完全 否定小明学习努力的事实 可能是睡过头耽误了考试 小明本应该能通过考试 后半句 是对前半句推理引申含义的否定 44 A Even though B Now that C If only D Provided that 1997 解析 Even though 尽管 让步 Provided that if 只要 如果 必须跟 假设事情 不跟 客观事实 44 its economy continues to recover the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers 解析 美国经济在复苏 这是一客观事实 所以 前面不能是Provided that although和but because和so不能在一句话中同时出现 although和because叫从属连词 既可以放句首 也可以放句中 放句中时 前面 一般不加逗号 But and和so叫并列连词 只能放在句中 前面逗号可加可不加 but若出现在句首 是作副词用 42 A For B Because C As D Since 虚词题 1997 One day at a time 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees Manpower based in Milwaukee Wisconsin is booming 解析 for后接名词 动名词作介词时 for可以随便放 若for后接句子 作连词时不能 放在句首 只能在句中出现 For workers it can mean an end to the security benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee for作介词 放在了句首 1 A although B as C but D while 2005 Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals 1 this is largely because 2 animals we stand upright 解析 although but同时出现 在考两者的区别 前面逗号破题 though 做副词时可以做插入状语 放于句中时前面后面都要有逗号 5 A anyway B though 然而 C instead D therefore 2005 Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals In fact 5 we are extremely sensitive to smells 6 we do not generally realize it 解析 5 前后意思对立 可从insensitive和sensitive判断出来 也可从in fact 事实上 的语气上判断出 大家网考研英语 instead 不能做插入状语 必须作句子的组成成份 He is ill I ll be on duty instead while 与 whereas 的区别 while 可以引导省略式的状语从句 whereas不行 while 引导省略式状语从句的条件 a 从句主语与主句主语相一致 b 从句是 系表结构 同时满足以上两个条件之后 省去从句中的主 语和系动词 48 A but B while C and D whereas 1997 The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 省略了 the phenomenon is avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules healthcare costs and pension plans 解析 48 前后的意思都是正面积极的 不是对立关系 所以 表对立关系的but和 whereas不能选 对于 and or表并列关系时 其前后的结构形式必须一样 但是本 题provides与avoiding形式显然不一样 故不能选and 对于 while 虽然 尽管 是对立的让步关系 当 时候 与此同时 是并列关系 while 可以引导省略 式的状语从句 所以本题就是考核该知识点 故 本题选择while 判断对立关系的三个依据 a 根据意思判断 b 根据褒贬色彩判断 43 A for B against C of D towards 2000 He must use this surplus in three ways as seed for sowing as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil 解析 insurance 保险 保障 是褒义词 而后面的unpredictable 无法预测的 和bad weather 坏天气 是贬义词 前后褒贬 形成对立关系 所以 本题选择表 对立关系的词against 另外 从固定搭配角度选择against insurance against 保 险 以防止 40 A above B upon C against D with 2002 Benefits have been weighed 40 harmful outcomes And generalizations have proved difficult 解析 benefits 好处 利益 是褒义词 harmful 有害的 是贬义词 前后褒贬 形成对立关系 所以 本题选择表对立关系的词against c 根据句式结构判断 前面肯定后面否定 或前面否定后面肯定 每年必出一 道not题 not题型 考两个句子之间的关系 选项是表对立关系的词 40 A provided B since C although D supposing 2004 All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established 解析 tend to是肯定 has not yet是否定 40 前后的肯定与否定 构成了对立关 系 故 选择表示对立关系的词although 大家网考研英语 38 A on the contrary B on the average C on the whole D on the other hand 2003 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules 解析 This does not mean是否定 they can help是肯定 38 前后的肯定与否定 构成了对立关系 故 选择对立关系的词on the contrary 相反地 on the average 平均的 仅仅指数字上的平均 出现该词组时一定要有数字和它搭配 on the other hand 另一方面 若要用on the other hand那么前面必须要有on one hand 构成 一方面 另一方面 并列关系 on the whole 总体上讲 整体而言 31 A unless B since C lest D although 2002 It is generally recognized 29 that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s radically changed the process 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 As time went by computers became smaller and more powerful and they became personal too as well as 33 with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing 解析 本题与 红花词 重叠了 两种思路都选although 6 A even if B if only C only if D as if 2005 In fact 5 we are extremely sensitive to smells 6 we do not generally realize it Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million 逻辑关系题先做得理由 逻辑关系题先做得理由 a 选项都认识 b 范围确定 c 往往不需要通读全文 只需要通读前后句 eg 2000 年 三 板 斧 红 花 绿 叶 逻 辑 关 系 同 义 原 则 01 09 swf If a farmer wishes to succeed he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production 农民要成功 应该生产大于消费 He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus He must use this surplus in three ways as seed for sowing as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways If no surplus is available a farmer cannot be 47 He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable 41 A other than B as well as C instead of D more than 42 A only if B much as C long before D ever since 43 A for B against C of D towards 44 A replace B purchase C supplement D dispose 45 A enhance B mix C feed D raise 大家网考研英语 46 A vessels B routes C paths D channels 47 A self confident B self sufficient C self satisfied D self restrained 48 A search B save C offer D seek 49 A proportion B percentage C rate D ratio 50 A genuinely B obviously C presumably D frequently 解析 完形填空大部分都是总分结构 所以读文章第一句话 中心主旨句 特别关键 farmer wishes to succeed点出对农民积极的评价定位 农民渴望成功 表扬农民是文章的主导 self confident 自信 self satisfied 自满 self restrained 自我约束 self sufficient 自 给自足 rate of interest 利息率 ratio 仅限于数学领域 比率 而rate远远大于数学 领域 利息率 保险率 死亡率 出生率 genuinely 真的 obviously 显而易见 presumably 假定 推测 假定意思不能出现在结果句中 因为but引出了结果 frequently 经常 long before 很久以前 only if if 如果 dispose of raise 养活 养一个生 命体 人 花 植物 动物 vessels 血管 routes 路线 paths 小路 小径 search for 寻找 search a girl 搜一个女孩的身 seek a girl 追求一个女孩 二 因果关系 二 因果关系 难点 必须分清 前因后果 or 前果后因 才可正确答题 每 年必考 表原因的词 表原因的词 because in that now that since as for as a result of considering 表结果的词 表结果的词 so that such that as a result lead to consequently therefore hence thus so 46 A in that B so that C such that D except that 1996 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements usually carbon hydrogen oxygen and 45 nitrogen They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body 解析 in that 原因 so that such that 结果 34 A contrarily B consequently C similar D simultaneously 2004 Families have also 33 changes these years More families consist of one parent households or two working parents 34 children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 解析 one parent households 单亲家庭 two working parents 双职工家庭 supervision 监督 contrarily相反的 对立关系 similar 相似的 并列关系 simultaneously 同时的 并列关系 6 A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding 2004 Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control All theories however are tentative and are 28 to criticism 解析 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 disadvantaged families 贫穷家庭 大家网考研英语 wealthy homes富裕家庭 前面贫穷 后面富裕 形成对立关系 所以 本题选择 ignoring ignoring 忽略 discarding 抛弃 不能说抛弃事实 之能说抛弃某种没 有使用价值的东西 considering 考虑到 表因果关系 highlighting 突出 强调 表递进关系 若用highlighting 则与后面的also 表递进关系 在逻辑关系上发 生语意重复 故不能选 1 A Indeed B Likewise C Therefore D Furthermore 2006 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America s population 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can t possibly 2 To help homeless people 3 independence the federal government must support job training programs 4 the minimum wage and fund more low cost housing 解析 such that 如此 以至于 因果关系 therefore 因此 因果关系 若用 therefore在逻辑关系上发生语意重复 故不能选 1 的前面说 无家可归者越来越多 后面说 政府都无能为力 可见后面是对前面的同一事实进行强调 所以应当选择表示 加强语气 强调关系的副词indeed 27 A on B in C for D with 2004 Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control All theories however are tentative and are 28 to criticism 解析 the latter 后者 lack of 缺乏 adequate 足够的 control 管教 监督 27 前面说 后者可能会犯罪 后面说 缺乏足够的父母监督 前后形成鲜明的因果关系 属于前果后因 故 本题选择for 因为 三 并列关系 三 并列关系 02 02 swf 表示并列关系的词 表示并列关系的词 每年必考 and 和 as well as 也 likewise 同样的 while 而 与此同时 similarly 类似地 simultaneously 同时发生地 meanwhile 同时 and题型的三种做题方法 and前后选同义词 and前后选同一范围词 and前后句子对应成分分析法 23 A care B nutrition C exercise D leisure 2003 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional intellectual and physical changes that young adults experience And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes Growing bodies need movement and 23 but not just in ways that emphasize competition 解析 and前是movement 运动 应该选它的同义词exercise 锻炼 25 A assistance B guidance C confidence D tolerance 2003 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges teenagers are especially self conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others 解析 teenagers 青少年 especially 特别地 self conscious 自我意识 大家网考研英语 and前面是 青少年自我意识很强 即 个性强 属于 主观意识品质 所以and后面 也应该选择 主观意识品质 的词 assistance 帮助 guidance 指导 confidence 自 信 主观意识品质 tolerance 容忍 主观意识品质 于是 C和D备选 接着看 25 后面的从句 that comes from achieving success 是 来自于获得成功 可见 confidence 自信 符合该语境 故本题选择confidence 26 A claimed B admired C ignored D surpassed 2003 解 析 自 信 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others 可以看出 自信来自于两个方面 一个是 获得成 功 褒义词 另一个是 知道他们的成就让别人给 26 褒义词 了 claim 声称 宣布 中性词 admire 钦佩 羡慕 赞美 褒义词 ignore 忽略 忽视 贬义词 surpass 超过 可褒可贬 看具体语境 可见 知道他们的成就让别人羡慕 才会有 自信 易知 本题选择admired 45 A mostly B partially C sometimes D rarely 1997 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements usually carbon hydrogen oxygen and 45 nitrogen They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body 解析 carbon 碳 hydrogen 氢 oxygen 氧 nitrogen 氮 and后的nitrogen对应and前的carbon hydrogen oxygen 于是 45 对应前面的usually usually 通常 频度副词 本句中表肯定 mostly 大部分的 程度副词 partially 部分的 程度副词 sometimes 有时 偶尔 表肯定的频度副词 rarely 很少 罕见 几乎没有 表否定的频度副词 选 C and和or的区别 and连接两个肯定句 而or连接两个否定句 相同点 它们前后的结 构必须一致 37 A off B down C out D alone 2003 A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility 解析 and前面是个without结构 and后面也是个without结构 破题点 这两个 without结构要么是同义词 要么是同一范围的词 前面的without后接的 feeling guilty 感到内疚 属主观形式 后面的without后接的 letting the other participants 37 让其他的参与者 也应该属主观形式 此处实质考察let的搭 配 let down 失望 沮丧 与前面的 感到内疚 一致 都属于主观形式 let off 泄 漏 属于动作行为 let out 淘汰 属于客观结果 let alone 不用去管 更不用说 21 A thought B idea C opinion D advice 2003 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional intellectual and physical changes that young adults experience And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes 宾语从句 sth Growing bodies need movement and 23 but not just in ways that emphasize competition 解析 and说明前后是并列句 只要有两个并列句出现 也可运用句子对应成 分分析法 give serious 21 to sth 对应 be aware of 意识到 那么两者的意思 也一致 be aware of 意识到 想到 意识 的同义词 sense awareness consciousness 可见 作为 意识 的三个同义词均未在选项出现 那么 作为 想到 的同义词think 过去时为thought 在选项中有 故本题选择 A thought give idea opinion on about give advice to sb on sth 就某事向某 人提建议 give thought to sb sth 想到 关注 21 A acting B relying C centering D commenting 2004 22 A before B unless C until D because 23 A interactions B assimilation C cooperation D consultation 24 A return B reply C reference D response 25 A or B but rather C but D or else Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence 总述 原因有二 个人和社会 Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 贬 义词 with others 分述1 个人 Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as 因为 a rejection of middle class values 分述2 社会 解析 完形填空文章基本全是 总分结构 本文第一句话 是总述 第二句话是分述1 第三句话是分述2 第一句和第二句是并列关系 于是可 以运用句子对应成分分析法 concerning 关于 focus on 关注 either or 不是 就是 或 major 主要的 contributing influence 构成原因 focusing on 以 为焦点 中心 centering on 以 为中心 与focusing on是同义词 正确选项 cooperation 合作 褒义词 consultation 商量 咨询 assimilation of by 同化 吸收 interactions 相互作 用 影响 被坏人影响 贬义 22 前后表因果关系 是前果后因 故选because 22 是because 因为 由于24 与22 对应 所以24 的意思也必须是 因为 故选 in reference to 至于 关于 绿叶词 不选 in return for 作为对 报答 in reply to 对 进行答复 有问才有答 in response to 对 做出反应 有因果关系之意 failure to 没能够 未能够 failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 在 他们的社会经济地位上未能崛起 说明他们 穷 因为 穷 才犯罪 这是客观原因 rejection 拒绝 抵制 middle class values 中产阶级的价值观 rejection of middle class values 抵制中产阶级的价值观 仇富 心态 这是主观原因 四 总分关系 四 总分关系 总分关系 前总述 后分述 前复数 后单数 前大后小 02 05 swf 表示总分关系的词 表示总分关系的词 for example for instance such as including 考点 for example和for instance作插入状语时 若放在句中 则前后都加逗号 若放在句首 则后面加逗号 若放在句尾 则前面加逗号 31 A as to B for instance C in particular D such as 2001 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West 解析 prominent cases 重大案子 复数形式 the trial of Rosemary West Ro