完成时用法.doc

现在完成时一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二句型：1. 肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+(其他）。 2. 否定句：主语+have/has + not + 过去分词+其他.3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has. /No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far). 现在我没有钱花了. She has arrived. 她到了。Guo zijun has (just/already) come. 郭子君现在在这儿 My father has gone to work. 我爸爸现在不在这儿（2）表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 (for12 weeks/three minutes) since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）(since 2000)since+时段+ago (since two weeks ago=for two weeks) since+从句（过去时） The Greens have lived in Macao since they moved to Macao from Paris.格林一家从巴黎搬到澳门之后就一直住在澳门。 It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） It is five years since they moved to Macao.四. 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常与already（已经），yet（仍然），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来也不；从不），before（以前），recently（近来），lately（近来）, so far= up to now, by now (到目前为止，迄今为止），in the past/last + 一段时间(过去-来), for+时段, since+从句（过去时）等时间状语连用。1. already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。2. ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。五. 几点注意事项1. has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别have been(to)表示“曾去过某地（现在已经回来了）”； They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。have gone(to)表示“去了某地（说话时某人不在当地）”。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。注：前者可与once , never, several times等连用，后者则不能。have been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months.2. 瞬间动词（buy, die, oin, come，go , leave, join ）不能直接与for, since 连用, 要改变动词.buy-have borrow -keep come/ arrive/ reach/ get to-be in go out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be deadcatch a cold -have a cold put on- wear/ be on fall (get) asleep - be asleep如： My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. I have kept (不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.How long has your sister been a teacher?5现在完成进行时1 定义: 现在完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。2构成：现在完成进行时是由“have/has+ been+动词的现在分词”构成3 现在完成进行时的基本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.4 现在完成时的用法：1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 自从八岁开始，她就一直打网球至今。5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：Weve been living here for ten years. Weve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。4）现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态，常常与already“已经”或ever “曾经”连用，如： We have already learnt Unit 2. (我们已经学习了第二单元。) She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。)而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，并且还要进行下去的动作，具有未完成的特点，一般不与already或ever等连用，如：We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。（没学完）注意以下两组句子含义上的区别：I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了.(已看完)I have been reading the novel. (一直在看还没有看完)Who has eaten my dinner? （表示“全吃光了”）Who has been eating my dinner? （表示“还有一些剩下”） 一、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”三. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ _ you _ _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.四. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3.Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going 1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B.walked C.has walked D. had walked3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建) A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海)A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.(北京)A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted1.I_(wait) for an hour and he still hasnt turned up2.Im so sorry Im late_ you _(wait) long？3.Tom _ _(see)about a work permit for you4.I _ _(think)it over5.I _ _(hear)all about his operation6. They _ _(repairing) the road. 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , ha