湖北省荆门市高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解（5）.doc

科普环保类阅读理解（5）2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类our body clock, or natural body rhythm, influences our energy and alertness. paying attention to it can help us choose the suitable time of the day when we best perform specific tasks. the reality, however, is that most of us organize the time around work demands, school deadlines, commuting or social events. doing whatever the body feels like doing is a luxury in todays fast-paced modern society. but that doesnt mean it isnt worth trying. obeying our body clock has significant health benefits. disrupting our natural body rhythm, on the other hand, has been linked to problems such as depression, obesity, or headache, says steve key, a biology professor. when the body clock can synchronize (使同步) the rhythms of its natural processes, it “gives us an advantage in daily life”, says key. according to him, when it comes to cognitive (认知的) work, most adults perform best in the late morning. as our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday, our memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve. however, he adds, our ability to concentrate typically starts to decrease soon thereafter. most of us are more easily distracted (分心) between noon and 4 pm. alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2 pm, making that a good time for a nap. surprisingly, tiredness may increase our creative powers. for most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best dealt with in the evening when they are tired, according to a study in the journal thinking & reasoning. when choosing a time of the day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can improve results. physical performance is usually best from about 3 to 6 pm, says michael smolensky, a professor of biomedical engineering. of course, not everyones body clock is the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans.【小题1】if we know our natural body rhythm well, we can _. afind out the suitable time to do specific tasksborganize our time around work demandscdo whatever our body feels like doingdbe sure to be healthy【小题2】 which of the following is not true? aour alertness is influenced by our natural body rhythm.bdoing whatever your body feels like is very difficult in our modern society.cobeying our body clock is good for our health.ddisrupting our natural body rhythm can lead to obesity.【小题3】inspiration to solve a difficult problem will most probably come to us_. awhen we get up in the morningbwhen we are tired in the eveningcwhen we are full of energy in the late morningdwhen we are asleep at night【小题4】which of the following can be the suitable title for the passage? awhat is natural body rhythm?bnatural body rhythm is good for us.cnatural body rhythm and healthdthe latest research about natural body rhythm. 2016高考英语阅读练习科普环保类scientists believe that one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us is the sense of sound. we are warned of danger by sounds. sounds serve to please us in music. sound has a waste product, too, in the form of noise. noise has been called unwanted sound. noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better. in order to know how noise affects people and animals, scientists have been studying for several years. they are surprised by what they have learned. peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully. sounds is measured in units called decibels (分贝). at a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears. trucks , buses , motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories-all these things make noise. they trouble not only our ears, but minds and bodies as well.there is a saying that it is so noisy that you cant hear yourself think. doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. if we dont, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that has already faced enough stress.【小题1】the sense of sound _. amakes us feel excitedbhelps us hear more clearlycis something harmful to usdhelps to know what is happening around us【小题2】when sound is turned into noise, _. apeople grow worse and worsebit makes us forget all the pastcpeople dont know what to do with everyday lifedit will be a kind of pollution to people【小题3】why does the passage say peace and quiet are becoming harder to find? abecause the world is making more and more noise.bbecause wars and battles happen here and there in the world.cbecause all the sounds are becoming over 140 decibels.dbecause some machines can make noise.【小题4】doctors say we can hear ourselves think _. aif we dont like to hear noisebif we have no aches or pains in our bodiescif there isnt too much noisedif we cant be careful of noise 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013北京，b)tail spintwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the ocean park. the smaller dolphin, grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. the most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all. she doesnt have a tail.grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. when the dolphin arrived at the ocean park in december 2005, she was fighting for her life. “ is she going to make it？” her trainer, abbey stone, feared the worst. grace did make itbut her tail didnt. she ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish! she pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.the movements put harmful pressure on graces backbone. so a company offered to create a manmade tail for her. the tail had to be strong enough to stay on grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.the first time grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. now, she is still learning to use the tail. some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “the new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion (动作) and build muscles (肌肉)”now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. this month, grace will star in dolphin tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. many people travel from near and far to meet her. seeing grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文，属励志类文章。通过讲述海洋公园的小海豚grace尽管没有尾巴，却能克服困难，用另外一种方式游泳，并且还要拍电影海豚的故事以激励人们要勇敢地面对困难。5when grace first arrived at the ocean park, her trainer worried about her _.aphysical buildbpotential abilitycchance of survivaldadaptation to the surroundings答案：c细节理解题。由文章第二段可知，当这只海豚在2005年12月刚到海洋公园时，“she was fighting for her life”，它的训练员说“is she going to make it？”，由此我们知道，刚开始，它的训练员担心它能不能活下来，故正确答案为c项。6a manmade tail is created for grace to _.alet her recover fasterbmake her comfortablecadjust her way of swimmingdhelp her perform better tricks答案：c推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，海豚grace形成了它自己的游泳方式。由第五段内容可知，给海豚戴上人造尾巴的目的不是为了舒服，而是为了保持动作，锻炼肌肉，也就是它带着人造尾巴的目的是调整游泳方式，故c项正确。7the story of grace inspires people to _.astick to their dreamsbtreat animals friendlyctreasure what they havedface difficulties bravely答案：d推理判断题。a项表示“坚持梦想”；b项表示“友好得对待动物”；c项表示“珍惜拥有”；d项表示“要勇敢面对困难”。由文章内容可知，尽管海豚grace没有了尾巴，但是它克服困难，以另外一种方式游泳，最后还提到，它要拍电影给人们带来鼓励，由此我们知道，我们要勇敢地面对困难，故d项为正确答案。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013安徽，b)using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. you may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water. a major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. it comes from underground. the more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺). drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. in the united states, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! this shows how much we depend on water to live, but there a lot we can do to lower the number. you can take steps to save water in your home. to start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. wash it only once a day. run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full. help your parents fix any leaks in your home.you can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。水是我们日常生活中不可缺少的，但是你知道吗？我们日常生活中的一些举动，比如铺砌道路和停车场，都有可能使我们的水供应受到威胁。我们要从自身做起，帮助使我们的水供应干净清洁。8which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?ausing river water. bthrowing batteries away.cpaving parking lots. dthrowing rubbish into lakes.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段的“you may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. .the more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知，铺砌道路和停车场会导致更少的地下水。9what can be inferred from the text?aall water shortages are due to human behavior.bit takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.cthere is much we can do to reduce family size.dthe average family in america makes proper use of water. 答案：b推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可排除a项；通读全文可知，要想满足我们的水需求，有很多事情要做，不是一件简单的事情，需要花费很多的努力，故b项正确；c项的family size错误；根据倒数第二段的“in the united states ，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! this shows how much we depend on water to live, but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.”可知，d项错误，普通美国家庭用的水是很多的。10the last paragraph is intended to _.ashow us how to fix leaks at homebtell us how to run a dishwashercprove what drinking glass is bestdsuggest what we do to save water at home答案：d推理判断题。文章最后一段主要讲述在家如何节约用水，故选d项。11the text is mainly about _.awhy paving roads reduces our waterbhow much we depend on water to livecwhy droughts occur more in dry climatesdhow human activity affects our water supply答案：d主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是人类的活动如何影响水的供应，a、b两项只是文章的部分内容；c项文章未详细解释。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013全国，c)it happened to me recently. i was telling someone how much i had enjoyed reading barack obamas dreams from my father and how it had changed my views of our president. a friend i was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”. however, he then went on to talk about mr. obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. i sensed that i was talking to a book liar.and it seems that my friend is not the only one. approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent. in the world book days “report on guilty secrets”， dreams from my father is at number 9.the report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as im not one to lie too often (id hate to be caught out ), ill admit here and now that i havent read the entire top ten .but i am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, i have read the book at number one, george orwells 1984.i think its really brilliant.the world book day report also has some other interesting information in it. it says that many people lie about having read jane austen, charles dickens, fyodor dostoevsky (i havent read him, but havent lied about it either) and herman melville.asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. this could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth!but when aske