教案-过去完成时.doc

环球雅思学科教师辅导教案学员编号： 年 级： 初三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：丁海玲授课类型T(同步）过去完成时星 级 授课日期及时段教学内容过去完成时专题导入 An apple a day, keeps the doctor away. ate an apple slept-|- |-|- Had eaten an apple slept nowI had eaten an apple before she slept. (After I had eaten an apple, I slept.)考点梳理一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时（past perfect tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。其中 had 通用于各种人称。 E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 oclock. I had not reached the station before 9：00 oclock. Had you reached the station before 9：00 oclock？（思考如何回答）二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 这个过去的时间状语有by, by the time of ,等介词短语或者是when，before，after等引导的从句。如： 由by, by the end of, by then 等引导的状语从句。 By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。 He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. PS 错误说法：he had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.这时应该用过去时。 由when，before，after等引导的从句。They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教师)They had already finished cleaning the classroom before their teacher came. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。，表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发生的事情。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for 或since 等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 三、过去完成时-语法判定1. 根据“标志”由时间状语来判定 （1）一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by ， by the end of ，by then, 或者when，after， before 等引导的状语从句。以及句子中会出现的already,just,once等词语。也会有for或since They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 上周三以前他们已经种了6百棵树了。（2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （3）、表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.我本来希望你能来，但是你没有来。2. 根据语义或上、下文来判定。 例：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed./After I finished my work, I went home. After he closed the door, he left the classroom.动作的顺序往往十分清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。例如：I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the station. 典例精讲1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone解析：他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。 2.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下， when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：小培说她去了海南三个月 。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的had been in. 应选B. 举一反三一、单选 1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother _already_to hospital.A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent 2 We _five English songs by the end of last term.A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _lunch， so she was very hungry.A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had 4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _built in the city.A have been B have C had been D will 5 She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink.A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school. A has begun；get B has been on；get C had begun；got D had been on；got 答案：1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 课堂小测 填空 1 When I returned home， he _ （leave）。 2 By ten yesterday evening， she _（finish）writing. 3 He _ （study） English for five years before he came here. 4 It _ _ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning. 5 I _ （not read） the book because I had read it before. 6 She said she_ （be） born in 1992. 7 When he _（come） to China two years ago he found people didnt understand him at all though he _（learn） some Chinese in his own country. 8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _（not see） each other since left Beijing. 9 When I got to his home， he_（go） to bed. 10 She asked if Mr. Liu _ already _（come） back.翻译句子： 9. 到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影? 10. 今天上午十点钟前,他已完成了这项工作。 11. 在我妈妈回来之前,我已经完成了作业。 答案： 1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 4 had stopped 5 didnt read 6 was 7 came had learned hadnt seen 9 had gone 10 had come 9 How many English films had you seen by the end of last month? 10 He had finished the work before ten oclock this morning. 11 I had already finished my homework before my mother returned. 回顾小结做题时常见错误如下：一、had形式易写错例：He hads （have） gone home when I got to his office.答案：had解析：have/has 的过去式都为had， had 在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混例：He asked what I have （have） said.答案：had解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混例：She lived （live） in New York for eight years before he came to China.答案：had lived解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。 课后作业一. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_B_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _C_ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched二.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _(die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I （wait） he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _didnt go_(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _ (not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).三句型转换 1I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句） 2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句） 3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定） 4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问） 5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问） 7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问） 8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句） 13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)Before he _, he_四.完形填空Scientists study the world and learn about things using a process called the scientific method(方法). By asking important questions and 16 the answers, it is possible to make amazing discoveries! Sometimes a scientist is 17 to answer his own questions, but if he has taken good notes another scientist may come along later who is able to use new knowledge to answer it.When you use the scientific method to 18 an experiment, you start by making observations(观察) about something that 19 you. Based on your observations, you make a hypothesis. This is using 20 you know to make a smart guess about what you think could happen. Then you are ready to begin your experiment. All 21 your experiment you take down notes, which are 22 experiment date(资料). You are constantly making observations during this time. You may make discoveries that cause you to improve your experiment as you go. 23 , you conclude your experiment and begin to look over your notes to decide what it all means. Based on what you have learned, you make a final statement about 24 your hypothesis was correct or not. You have to have reasons and evidence to support what you are saying.Using the scientific method can be difficult, but rewarding. Because all the steps are organized in a process, the 25 are more valid(可信的). When you provide observations as evidence to support what you are saying, your ideas are more likely to be accepted.1. A. waiting for B. searching for C. worrying about D. complaining about2. A. unable B. sure C. ready D. surprised3. A. read B. refuse C. prevent D. conduct4. A. hurts B. represents C. interests D. attacks5. A. what B. when C. why D. which6. A. without B. including C. except D. during7. A. controlled B. arranged C. called D. carried8. A. Obviously B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Mostly9. A. whether B. what C. ho