数词 (1).doc

数词总论：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词、序数词、小数、分数和被 分数五种。基数词、小数、分数、百分数可以表示数目或数量的多少；序数词表示 顺序和等级。1、 数词的分类1. 基数词：A. 概念：表示数量的词叫基数词。B. 1-12的基数词是独立单词;13-19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen， fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty， thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。如下表：范 围特 点实 例112无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine101999百位与十位之间通常用and three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）千以上 6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200twelve hundred注意： 在表示21到99之间的数字时，要在几十和各位中间加上“-”。 thirty-five 1-9基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十与百位之间加上“and” 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 千位以上的数字，从数字的右端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右起，第一个逗号 前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个是million，第三个是billion。 2,468 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是当基数词 表示不确定的数字时，如成百、成千成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则可以复数形式出现。There are 56 hundred students in my class.There are hundreds of people in the hall. They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 表示人的不确定的岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示 He became a professor in his thirties. She died of lung cancer in her forties. It was in the 1960s.C. 基数词的读法1) 三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。 如:107one hundred and seven;765seven hundred and sixty-five。2) 1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字 用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 几十thousand表示 几 万，以 几百thousand表示 几十万，用 几十million表示 几千万，用几 百million表示 几亿。如:13，789，653thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。D. 数词的复数形式 1) 表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties 表示“三十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指 13岁至19岁。如:He died in his thirties. She is in her teens. 2) 表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可 用-s形式。如:Great changes took place in the l970s. History has entered the eighties.3) 表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousand，hundred等词后加上-s并与of 连用表示大约多至“数以计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。如:Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.4) 在分数中，当基数词(表示分子)大于one时，序数词(表示分母)要用复数，两者之间 用不用连字符号均可。如:Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women.She has spent four-fifths of her money.5)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如:How many sevens are there in forty-nine?They arrived by twos and threes.他们三三两两的来了。Wait a minute.Ill be finished in two twos.请等一下，我马上就来E. 数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩 a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。2序数词A. 构成：序数词出了开头的三个词（first、second、third、）有独特的形式外，其它的都是 在基数词的词尾加 th 构成。一般情况下，序数词前面加“the”。范围特点实例特殊情况1-19基数词词尾加thfourth,sixth, seventh第一、第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third; eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”; 以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。fivefifth，twelvetwelfth20,30, - 90 各十位数字变y为i后加thtwentytwentieth，thirtythirtiethsixty-ninesixty-ninth21-29313991-99只须变个位的基数词为序数词twenty-twtwenty-secondforty-fourforty-fourthsixty-ninesixty-ninth.A。序数词前不用定冠词的情况1) 表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠 词。如:l.He cast the net a second time. 2.A third bullet passed.2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如:l.He made his first set in an old box.2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einsteins fiftieth birthday.3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如:From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing.Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如:There is a first-class hotel over there.He went to a second-hand bookshop.5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如：Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?First come，first served.6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如:1.at first 2.first of al1 3.from first to last3. 数词的功能A表小数、分数和百分数1). 小数点读作point,零读zero或nought。小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如：3.4three point four,0.2zero(nought)point two,0.03zero point zero three,3.458three point four five eight2). 百分数由基数词后直接加percent(per cent)构成。如:20%2Opercent(per cent) 3). 分数由基数词 (分子)和序数词 (分母)合成。分子大于l时，表分母的序数词要用复数形 式。如: 1/3one/a third 2/3two thirds但1/2一般用a/one half;1/4用a/one quarter或one fourth。4).表示几分之几 (或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数 (或百分数)和人或物间加of。若充当 主语，谓语动词的数须与of后的名词的数保持一致。如:One third of the students are girls.1/3的学生是女生。Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.她收入的60%花在了服装上。但当表示人口的几分之几 (或百分之几)作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如:The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of it are farmers.中国的人口众多，其中80%是农民。B表加减乘除1).加法的表达法如表达“几加几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词and/plus+基数词？”；如表达“几加几等于几”，可用“基数词and+基数词is基数词”。如：What/How much is seven and eight?7加8是多少？Seven and eight is fifiteen. 7加8等于15。2)减法的表达法如表达“几减几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词minus+基数词？”；如表达“几减几等于几”，可用“基数词minus+基数词is基数词”。3). 乘法的表达法如表达“几乘几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词times+基数词？”；如表达“几乘几等于几”，可用“基数词times+基数词is基数词”。4). 除法的表达法如表达“几除以几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词divided by+基数词？”；如表达“几除以几等于几”，可用“基数词divided by+基数词is基数词”。C表时间1). 用数字表达法来表示几点几分时，分钟数在后，并且不可使用quarter, half。如：8:15 eight fifteen(不能说：eight a quarter)；10:30 ten thirty(不能说：ten half)2). 使用介词past表示“几点过几分”，用to表示“几点差几分”时，分钟数放在介词前。11:25 twenty-five past eleven(=eleven twenty-five)6:40 twenty to seven(=six forty)3). past,to前的分钟应小于三十分钟（如果正好是三十分，应用half）。如：5:55 five to six=five fifty-five(不能说：fifty-five past five) 5:30 half past five=five thirty(不能说：thirty past five或five half)D数词用于编号表示编号，可以用基数词，也可以用序数词，即:事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词;the+序数词十事物名词。如:Lesson Twelve=the Twelfth Lesson 第十二课Part Onethe First Part第一部分World War I=the First World War第一次世界大战如英语编号中数字较长，一般用基数词表示。如:Room 506 第五0六号房间 page 265 第二百六十五页Telephone NO.8297976 电话号码8297976E表倍数两倍：twice 两倍以上：基数词+timesThis classroom is twice as big as that one.The house is three times bigger than that one4. 数量名词的单复数形式A. hundred，thousand，million的用法当前面有数词以及many，several等词修饰时，这三个词用单数形式，后面直接跟复数名词。当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时，则一定要用复数形式，表示数百、 数千等笼统的数目概念。如:two hundred students 200名学生several thousand enemies 几千敌人hundreds of dollars 数百美元millions of ants 数百万蚂蚁B. score(二十)，dozen (打; 十二个)的用法1) 当dozen与基数词或many,several等连用时，不加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of。但 是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在 these, those, us等词前该用dozen of的缘故。 two dozen books 两打书 two (many,several)dozen pencils 两打（几打）铅笔some dozen people是“若干打的人（几十个人，许多人）”。2) score意为“二十”。two score of people中应加of，但three score and ten people，“70人” 中不加of。scores of people意为“许多人”。上述这两个词的复数形式与of连用时，表示 不确切的数量，意为许多，大量的。如:for dozens of years 好几十年以来scores of years ago 许多年前scores of times 许多次5.数词汇总A.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表示例英语表示法2001630June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 20017：25seven twenty-five twenty-five past even12:54twelve fifty four six to one9:15nine fifteen a quarter past nine2:30two thirty half past two21:50twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.第21twenty-first第123one hundred and twenty-thirda half two and two-fifths 20%20 per cent 20 percent第七路公共汽车Bus Number Seven第201房间Room 201人民路153号153 Renmin Road 4+8 =12 Four plus eight is twelve11-7=4Eleven minus seven is four.65=30Six times five is thirty.205=4twenty divided by five is four.ABA is more than B.ABA is less than B.ABA is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.ABA is not equal to B.B.约数表示法列表含义英语表达例句大于某数more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.overshe is over fifty.or moreTherere thirty people or more in the meeting-room.小于某数less thanI have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.underChildren under seven are not allowed to enter.belowHe would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.or lessThe coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.大约（某数）nearlyShe is nearly fifty now.almostIts almost three oclock.up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.or He spent four or five days writing the article.or so The distance is twenty miles or so.aboutI visited that village about three years ago.someTheir team has some four or five players.more or lessThe container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.around/roundLets make it round/around eight oclock.C.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译修饰可数名词dozens of 几十、许多scores of 许多many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)许多、大量hundreds of 数以百计thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of 成千上万millions of 数百万billions of 亿万修饰不可数名词much , a great (good)deal of ,a large amount of ,large amounts of 许多、大量修饰可数名词或不可数名词a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of , large quantities of 许多、大量数 词 练 习1. Two _died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples2. He was only in_ at the time.A. his 20s B. the 20sC. his twenties D. the twenties3. The two great men wrote those letters in_ .A. 1870s B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 18704. I wonder if I can ask him_ time. A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth5. He came out_ in the track events. A. first B. one C. the first D. the one6. It was in 1939 that _broke out. A. World War Second B. the World War Second C. Second World War D. World War II7. Youll have to spend _writing your report here. A. one day or two days B. one day or two C. a day or two D. two days or one8. He cut the cake_ . A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half9. The earth is nearly_ the moon. A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of10. Either you or the headmaster _the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing in B. are to hand out C. are handing in D. is to hand out11. _of the population here are peasants. A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D.the 20 percents12. Its about_ , the thickness of a human hair. A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens13. The price of such material was reduced_ . A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D.for 18 percent14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth_ water. A. is B. are C. was D. were15. They sold _boxes of such sweets last week. A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of16. It took me _ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse. A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen17._people were sent there to help fight against the flood. A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores18. Dont leave you work,_ . A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half19. Nobody can do two things well _ . A. at one time B. at once C. one time D. once20. He has_ books in his study. A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of21. On National day_ people take part in all kinds of celebration. A. hundreds of millions ofB. millions of hundred of C. hundreds millions ofD. millions hundreds of22. He has lived at_ for 30 years. A. No. 101 Heping StreetB. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 10123. You can find him in_ . A. Room 201B.201 Room C. the Room 20D. the 201 Room24. Its_ walk from here to my school. A. two - hoursB. two hoursC. two - hourD. a two - hour25. It was in_ when he was already in _ that he went to Yanan. A. the 1940s, the 40sB. the 1940s, his forties C. 1940s, his forties D. the 1940s, his 40s26. He went to the market and bought _eggs and some meat. A. three dozen ofB. three dozen C. three dozens D. three dozens of27. Shortly after the accident two _police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozen ofB. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of (MET92 29)28.Mr Smith _me to buy several _eggs for the dinner. A. asked, dozen B. suggested, dozens of C. had, dozen D. persuaded, dozens of (94上海)29._of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths, are (2000上海)30.Two _died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundred old peopleC. hundred old peoplesD. hundred old peoples (88MET.15)31. It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s,theB. the 90s, / C.90s, their D. the 90s, their (99上海 6)32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance ? -Yes, _.A. thousand of themB. two thousands of them C. two thousand of them D. two thousand them参考答案1B2. C 表示几十的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为二十多岁。3C 定冠词the和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。4D 序数词前面加不定冠词表示又一次(已经四次了)5A 这里first有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种取得第一名的