现在完成时最新版.doc

现在完成时 构成：have（has）+过去分词。1 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。（现在完成时完成用法）He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等) 连用They have left.时间状语有：already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）She has already（已） finished the work.I have washed may clothes already.yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处).Has he finished the work yet（已） ?I have not received his letter yet（还） ).never (“从不” 用于中间处)He has never been abroad.ever（“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）Have you ever been to Rome?just (“刚刚” 用于中间处 表示动作刚刚结束)I have just heard the news. just 与just now 的区别2 动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去（现在完成时的“未完成用法”）He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 （动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去）I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 现在完成时的“未完成用法” 的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。 I have learned English for 10 years.I have lived here since 2000.比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 (延续)I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间) 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。） 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四种用法 1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。 2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3） since +从句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。 11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 Buyhave had leavehave been away borrowhave keptDiehave been dead finishhave been over marryhave been marriedJoinhave been in /have been a member/soldier1 He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,等现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续)注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time that 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 典型例题 （1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 注意： 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. Have been to 与 have gone to 的区别have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。一、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7. _ 4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二 单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型转换。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.2) He _Beijing for _ .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I _the USA since_3) I went home yesterday. I _home for_.4) They came here last week. They _here since_. come to / go back to / return to_ go out _1) He came out two years ago. He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday. We _ to Beijing since_. become _1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _。2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close _ open _1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for_.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ for six hours. get up _； die _； leave sp. _fall asleep / get tot sleep _； finish / end _；marry _1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _ start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin _1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow _ ； lose _ ；buy _ ；put on _catch / get a cold _； get to know _1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for 3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to _He has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim?