现在完成时学生版.doc

戴氏教育蜀汉路校区 学生： 教师：唐老师 现在完成时的用法及练习 教学目标 学生熟练运用现在完成时重点、难点过去分词的变化规则；现去完成时的用法；现在完成时与一般过去式的区别考点及考试要求现在完成时是中考必考项，也是难点之一，学生应掌握现在完成时的基本用法，并多加练习及思考教学内容【第一环节：知识点讲解】I 构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 肯定 have/has done 否定 havent/hasnt done 疑问 have/has/havent/hasnt 提前II 过去分词变化规则规则动词的变法和过去式相同，即直去双改。直：直接加-ed 如played, missed, matched, wished, stayed, picked,去：去e后加-ed. 如 saved, hoped, wasted, lived, waved, moved双：以重读闭音节结尾的词双写后面是辅音字母后加-ed 如： stopped, fitted. stepped, stirred改：以辅音字母+y为结尾的词变y为i后加-ed 如：fried, tidied, carriedIII 定义：现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某 一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。1： e.g. He has lived here for three years. ( 已经住了三年并且有可能继续住下去)I havent seen her for four years. 因为此时是强调持续一段时间并有可能继续持续下去，所以如果是肯定句的话动词必须要是延续性的，否定句不需要 【例题解析】. The old man _ for over three years.A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. is died 2; -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） 此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 【例题解析】10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 3. 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 （例题） Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see d.现在完成时的时间状语（1） 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。【例题解析Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. He has been there three times the last few days.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。 例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I havent. How many times have you been there this year? （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始, 一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be deadcome backbe back leave be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be overput on wear 或be on open be openjoin be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.His father has been dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.We have studied English for three years. 4. 注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别： have been(to)表示； have gone(to)表示 ，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能 如：They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Beijing . （例题）Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。 如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years. （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997. (4) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long How long have you lived here? （例题）_ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 （例题）_ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago. A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,【第二环节：课堂练习】1. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. (2011 北京, 31)A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write2. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011 天津, 36) A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen3. Some students in Shanghai _ e-bags for several months. (2011 陕西, 22)A. have B. have had C. had D. will have4. - Ive not finished my project yet. - Hurry up! Our friends _ for us. (2011 江苏南京, 12)A. have waited B. wait C. waiting D. are waiting 5. The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago. (2011 浙江杭州, 21)A. go B. have gone C. have been D. went6. -Have you ever been to Shanghai? -Yes. I _ there a few month ago. (2011 长沙, 26)A. have been B. went C. have gone D. been7. -Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? -Thank you very much, but I _ it already. (2010 天津, 43)A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing8. Tina and her parents _ to England for sightseeing last summer. (2010 上海, 40)A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone9. The Harry potter books _ pretty popular since they were published. (2010 上海, 41)A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming10. Miss Gao isnt here. She _ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown. (2009 重庆, 25)A. go B. has gone C. has been D. would go11. Why not come over at the weekend? My family _ seeing you again. (2009 浙江杭州, 22)A. enjoyed B. would enjoy C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed12. Sam _ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now. (2009 广东, 34)A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn13. -When _ your mother _ you that blue dress, Mary? -Sorry, I really cant remember. (2008 湖北武汉，26)A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did; buy14. -How long have Mr. and Mrs. Smith _? -For more than twenty years. (2008 江苏无锡, 33)A. married B. had married C. got married D. been married15. -The TV show Home With kids is so wonderful. You shouldnt miss it. -If I have time, I _ it. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen16. - Is that Mr. Green speaking? -Sorry, he isnt in. He _ abroad on business last week.(2011上海)A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone17. They say there is a new restaurant near here. Yes, and it _ for more than a week. (2011湖北武汉)A. has been open B. opens C. is opening D. is open18. Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _ on the phone. (2011海南)A. have talked B.talked C. am talking D. talk19. -Will Jenny come tomorrow? -Im not sure. She _ an hour ago without saying anything.(2011湖北)A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave20. _ many students in China ever _ to westerners before? (2010江苏南京) A. Are, speaking B. Do, speak C. Did, speak D. Have, spoken21. -Hi Jimmy! Nice to meet you! -Hi! Its one year since I last _ you. (2010浙江杭州)A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen22. The children _ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain. (2009宁夏) A. have B. are having C. had D. were having23. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. (2010河北) A. borrow B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept24. Help! Wang Qiang _ an accident. (2009山东)A. was having B. had had C. has had D. will have【第三环节：补充练习】Vocabulary and GrammarI. Choose the best answer. 1. _ honest Angela is! A. What B. What an C. How D. What a 2. _ useful work they have done! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 3. _ your talk sounds! A. How wonderfully B. How wonderfulC. What a wonderD. What a wonderful story 4. - With the help of the doctors, the boy can see again.-_ he is!A. What lucky B. What a luckC. How luckD. How a 5. Wushu is becoming more and more popular _ foreigners. A. amongB. forC. inD. to 6. I am still hungry. Can I have _ food? A. More anyB. Any moreC. More someD. Some more 7. My father is ill. He is _ hospital. A. In the B. insideC. inD. on 8. May will call me as soon as my parents _ here. A. reachB. Will reachC. reachesD. reached 9. Gork lay down on his bed and almost immediately _. A. Falls asleepB. Falling asleepC. To fall asleepD. Fell sleep 10. Great changes _ in Shanghai in the past few years. A. Were taken place B. Have been taken placeC. Took placeD. Have taken place 11. It took Mike half an hour _ to Beijing.A. To goB. wentC. goingD. goes 12. She has no money with her, _ she? A. haveB. doesC. DoesntD. Hasnt 13. The father shouted _ his son _ a loud voice. A. At; withB. To; atC. At; atD. To; with 14. Of these books, I like this one _. A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best 15. I am sure i have put my key _ in this room. A. whereB. anywhereC. somewhereD. everywhereA. findB. foundC. findingD. To find16. The World Wide Web made it easier _ information. 17. The poor boy is _ to go to college. A. Lucky enoughB. Enough luckyC. Enough luckilyD. Luckily enough 18. _ the morning of July 5, 1992, they arrived in Washington.A. On B. By C. In D. At 19. My brother _ his _ car.A. Own; ownsB. Owns; ownC. Own; ownD. Owns; own 20. Can you read the text _ ten times everydayA. At the leastB. At leastC. At lessD. On least 21. The children were taken to the refuge by three _.A. policeB. policemanC. policemansD. policemen 22. Her work is better than _ in the workshop.A. Anyones else B. Anyone elsesC. Anyones elsesD. Anyone else 23. At last, he found a/an _ in the restaurant. A. jobB. workC. occupationD. profession 24. There are so many _ in the restaurant A. peopleB. foodC. forkD. waiter 25. The teacher said we needed to choose three _ for the school concert. A. farmersB. doctorsC. driversD. singers 26. The dormitory building is about _. A. 120 meters highB. 120 meter highC. 120-meters-highD. 120-meter-high 27. We need to be _ careful when we drive on rainy days. A. probablyB. especiallyC. slowlyD. suddenly 28. There is a big harvest, _ we have expected. A. asB. whenC. becauseD. since 29. Tomorrow is grandmas _ birthday. We are going to have a big party. A. sixty B. sixtiesC. sixtiethD. The sixtieth 30. _ of the money _ gone. A. Four-fifth; hasB. Four-fifth; haveC. Four-fifths; hasD. Four-fifths; have 31. _ of the students of _ entered for the school sports meeting. A. Three-fifth; Grade-NineB. Three- fifth,; the Grade-NineC. Three- fifths; the Grade- NineD. Three-fifths; Grade-Nine 32. -Would you like _ coffee? - No, thanks. Ive had enough. I dont want _ more. A. Any; anyB. Any; someC. Some; anyD. Some; some 33. There is _ but a piece of paper in the box. A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. someone 34. Could you tell me _?A. How often you go over you lessonsB. How soon you would go over your lessonsC.how often do you go over your lessonsD. How soon did you go over your lessons 35. He as well as I _ playing the guitar.A. amB. areC.likeD. likes 36. Captain King said,” We cannot open the door _ we are not strong enough.A. becauseB. howeverC. butD. so 37. Do you know whats in _ hand? A. His otherB. The other hisC. His anotherD. The other of his 38. If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. A. atB. byC. onD. through 39. You can click _ the Sanya button to see if it is right there. A. onB. inC. atD. to 40. I knocked on the door several times, but _ answered, so i left. A. somebodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. everybody 41. -I am hungry. - I want _ to eat. _can do.A. Something; SomethingB. Anything;AnythingC. Something; AnythingD. Anything; Something 42. _ cold weather it is at the South Pole.A. What B. What anC. How D. What a 43. _ nice flower! Where did you pick them?/A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What a 44. Since you are very tired, you _ finish the work today. You should go home now. A. needntB. May notC. MustntD. Cant45. They _ to that shopping mall many times since they moved there.A. Will goB. wentC. Have goneD. Have been 46. I dont think Billy can work out these problem, _? A. Do I B. Dont I C. Can heD. Cant he47. Youd better _ smoke any more. A. Dont B. Not toC. notD. DidntII. Fill in the blank with the words in their right forms. 1. The fat girl has an _ brain. ( amaze) 2. English is an _ language. We must learn it well. ( nation) 3. Its _eleven oclock, youd better go to bed. 4. Who first _( invention) the system of numbers from 1 to 9? 5. Computers are called super_( calculate) 6. Jack, a friend of _, went to Canada for a visit last week. 7. Where is Susan? She _(hide) under the table. 8. The old man felt very _( sleep) 9. The terrorists _ the church last night( attack). 10. Just now she programmed his computer with _( instruct) to do some Calculations.III. Complete the sentences with the suitable prepositions. 1. Are they _ a factory or _ a farm? 2. I sit _ the twins. The elder sister is _ my left and the younger one is _ my right. 3. I looked _ the window and watched the people in the street. 4. How far is it _ here _ the airport? 5. Tonny took a key _ her bag and opened the door.IV. Rewrite the sentences. 1. Its 321 kilometers from Shanghai to Nanjing. （ 就划线部分进行提问）_ _ is it from Shanghai to Nanjing? 2. She didnt ask for leave. He didnt ask for leave, either. （两句合成一句）_ she _ he _ for leave. 3. I spent three hours making a birthday cake for my son. （保持原句意思）_ _ me three hours to make a birthday cake for my son. 4. He was so busy that he couldnt help me with the cooking. （保持原句意思）He was _ free _ to help me with the cooking. 5. How much will you pay for the coat? (保持原句意思）How much will the coat _ _? 6. He was very frightened. He couldnt say a word. （保持原句意思）He was _ frightened _ he couldnt say a word.He was _ frightened _ say a word. 7. Abacuses are so accurate that people still use them today. ( 保持原句意思）Abacuses are _ _ for people to use them today. 8. I hope you will write to me soon. ( 保持原句意思）I am looking forward to _ _ you soon. 9. The box is so heavy that they couldnt take it away. ( 保持原句意思不变） The box is _ heavy for the