高级英语1-7课修辞总结_2.doc

Unit 1 1. Onomatopoeia（拟声词）: e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor（暗喻）: e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(Para. 1) 3）It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers (Para. 5) .(metaphor and personification) 4）in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 5）It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(Para. 8)3. Alliteration（头韵）： e.g. 1) thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole（夸张）: e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5Antithesis（对仗）： e.g. 1) a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows(Para. 5) 2) which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 9)6. Personification（拟人）： e.g. 1）as the burnished copper catches the light of (Para.5) 2）同2.3Unit 21、Metaphor: 暗喻1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.(Para.1)2). I was again crushed by the thought(Para. 9)3). At last the intermezzo came to an end and(Para. 5, Line 1)4). when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me(Para. 18)Synecdoche: 提喻e.g. 1）The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7) 2） There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .little old Japan: traditional Japanese housesMetonymy: 换喻 E.g The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western cultureIrony：反语e.g. This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (Para. 38)Climax: 层进法E.g. No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who were born here or who lived through it. (para. 23)Anti-climax: 渐降e.g. “seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for itsoysters.”(para.17)Alliteration:E.g.: But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(para.31)Simile 明喻 e.g. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them(para.2)Unit 3 Personificatione.g. 1) Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand. (Para. 1)Hyperbolee.g. the population explosion (Para. 20)Metaphor1) another ghostly image (Para. 7)2) these ghosts in the sky (Para. 8)Metonymy1) According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .(para.6)2) the relationship between the two superpowers (Para. 23)alliteration Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(para.6）Unit4metaphor Eg: 1)Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(para.9) 2)After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(para.42) 3) You didnt even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(para.54)exaggerationE.g.: 1)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (para.18) 2)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(para.20)Ironic“Maggies brain is like an elephants”.Wangero said ,laughing .(para.53)SimileE.g: 1)“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?(para.56) 2) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(para.65)Unit 5Periodic sentences(圆周句）a) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.b) Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. c) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russiahe is woefully mistaken.d) When I awoken on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the newsinvasion of Russia.Rhetorical question (interrogation) 反问E.g. but can you doubt what our policy will be?（para.10)parallel structure 平行结构 parallelism a) We will never parleyWe will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang b) we shall fight him by land we shall fight him by sea we shall fight him in the air. c) behind all this glare behind all this storm I see d) I see the Russian soldiers standing I see them guarding I see the ten thousand villages I see advancing uponInversion 倒置 a) From this nothing will turn usnothing （para.10) Repetition 重复We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. He has so long thrived and prospered. We will never parley, we will never negotiatesimileI see also the dullGerman soldierscrawling locusts.(para.8)metaphora) I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land threshold refers to the threshold of their nation. (para.8)b) Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers to war fire.Storm: strong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitlers assault on the other countries.c) delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey (the Russian soldiers). d) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. e) We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. f) we have rid the earth of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples from his yoke(control). alliterationa) Hearth and home b) I also see the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locustsLet us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. PersonificationI see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.Hyperbole/exaggeration If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.) (p.78)Unit6Metaphor As a result the nerves of both the Duke and “Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. .the nerves of both . were excessively frayed his wife shot him a swift, warning glance. The words spat forth with sudden savagery. Ill spell it out. Her tone .withered. .self-assurance.flickered. The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash. eyes bored into him theyll throw the book,.rhetorical questionIn what conceivable way does our car concern you?Euphemism 委婉语and you took a lady friend .Leastways,I guess youd call her that if youre not too fussy.Metonymy:won 100 at the tablesOnomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueUnit 7metonymyE.g.: ust as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity.（para.3)PersonificationE.g. :The back door opens to let out the dog .The TV set blinks on with the days first newscast: a selective rundown(para.4)Antonomasia 换称1) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos.(para.4)2) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it,