自考英语(一)English_jy06031.doc

高等教育自学考试网上辅导英语（一）语法 动词时态一、动词的形式：walkwalked（过去式）walked（过去分词）walking（现在分词）livelived（过去式）lived（过去分词）living（现在分词）growgrew（过去式）grown（过去分词）growing（现在分词）二、时态种类（十六种时态）P159 图表 现在过去将来过去将来一般write（s）wroteShallwritewillShouldwritewould进行amis writingareWas writingwereShallbe writingwillShouldbe writingwould完成havewrittenhashad writtenShallhave writtenwillShouldhave writtenwould完成进行havebeen writinghashad been writingShallhave been writingwillShouldhave been writingwould（一）Simple Present Tense（一般现在时）1.表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态For example：I have a glass of water before breakfast every day.（每天早饭之前我都要喝杯水。）Light travels faster than sound. （光比声音传播得快。）No.107 train arrives in Beijing at 9:30 am.（107次火车到达北京的时间是早上9:30。） 2.存在于if、when等引导的时间状语从句/条件状语从句中主句：一般将来时/从句：一般现在时For example：I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.（如果明天下雨我就会待在家里。）（二）Simple Past Tense（一般过去时）For example： When she was young she had many sweet dreams. Unfortunately, many of them did not come true.（她小的时候有很多梦想，但不幸的是很多梦想没有实现。）（三）Simple future Tense（一般将来时）1.shall/will+vFor example： When I get rich, I shall travel through the world（当我富有的时候，我会进行环球旅行。）2.be going to do：（最近打算做某事）They are going to enjoy themselves tonight.（他们准备今天晚上好好玩一下。）3.be about to do：即将做某事Get ready. The train is about to leave.(准备好。火车马上要开了。)4.be to do：按照计划必然发生的事情The Twenty-ninth Olympic games is to be held in Beijing in 2008.（29届奥运会将于2008年在北京举行。）5.be+ving（动词比较特殊，点动词或者说“短暂性动词”，如go、leave）Im coming.我马上来。（四）(future-in-the-past tense) 过去将来时1.should/would+vFor example：He told me that he would work in the west of China after graduation. (他告诉我他毕业后会去西部工作)When the patient was sent to the hospital, he was dying.（当病人被送到医院时已经奄奄一息了）2.be（was/were）+ving（动词比较特殊，点动词或者说是短暂性动词，如go、leave）（五）Present continuous Tense（现在进行时）be+ving For example：Im telling a lie while they are listening attentively.（我正在撒谎可是他们听得津津有味）My umbrella is hanging behind the door all day long.（我的伞整天都挂在门后）He is leaving his hometown to make a living in a big city.(他正准备离开家乡到大城市里去谋生)（六）past continuous tense（过去进行时）was/were+vingFor example：He was playing cards at eleven oclock yesterday evening.(昨晚11点，他们在打扑克。)I was going over my lessons from 8 to 10 last night.（昨晚8点到10点我一直在复习功课。） （七）future continuous tense（将来进行时） shall/will+be+vingFor example：We will be waiting for you here at eight am tomorrow.(明天早上8点钟的时候我们在这里等你)This time next week I shall be working here.(下周的这个时候我将在这个地方工作。)（八）present perfect tense现在完成时have/has+动词过去分词have/has+beenI have told him to wear gauze mask but he didnt care.（我已经告诉他要戴口罩，但是他不在意。）The factory hasnt closed down but most of the workers have been out of work.（这家工厂还没关闭，但大部分工人却失业了。）（九）past perfect tense过去完成时had+动词过去分词He said that he had run across Saddam.（他说他遇到了萨达姆）I was surprised to know that he had died of SARS.(听说他死于SARS，我很吃惊。)（十）future perfect tense将来完成时will/shall+have+动词过去分词For example：I wish that you will have learned English well in two years.（我希望在两年之内你会把英语学好）（十一）present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时Have/has+been+ving For example：It has been raining for some days. (雨一直下)I have been looking for you everywhere.(我一直在到处找你。)（十二）past perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时had+been+vingFor example：He had been staying home for three years before he got a job.（在他找到工作之前他一直在家里待了三年。） （十三）时态呼应时态的呼应只出现在主句谓语是过去时或过去完成时的时候时态呼应的规则是从句的谓语动词由一般现在时变成一般过去时，一般过去时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时。For example：I thought the experiment was going on now.(我本以为现在实验仍在进行。)She said the apparatus would be available next week.(她说下星期仪器就有了。)下述情况下可以不遵守时态呼应的规则：1.从句的谓语表示的是一个人或物的经常性特点。The boys learned yesterday that the planets are circling about the sun.(孩子们昨天学到行星围着太阳转)2.从句中有表示绝对过去时间状语The old man said he joined the Red Army in 1933.(老人说他在1933年参加了红军) 3.说话者强调动作现在正在进行或将要发生。He told me the train leaves at three.（他告诉我火车将在3点开）Grammar Exercises.1.I was born in a small city not far from here.发生在过去；过去时2.Do you leave the house at the same time as your brother does?一般状况；一般现在时3.By the time we got there, the play had already begun. 过去的过去；过去完成时4.Ive been working hard this morning and Im really hungry. 表示持续，一直在工作；现在完成进行时5.Last week we went to the restaurant in the new hotel. last week；过去时6.If he accepts the job, he will get more money right away.时态呼应，从句：一般现在时，主句：一般将来时 7.The doctor took my temperature and listened to my heartand：并列连词，对等时态；过去时8.I think Ill write Jim right now and tell him Ill go with him.and：并列连词，对等时态；将来时9.Did you write your return address on the envelope?过去时10.My brother put on his best clothes and left for the party.and：并列连词，对等时态；过去时.1.Who invented (invent) the worlds first computer?强调动作发生在过去；过去时2.Language teachers often offer (offer) advice to language learners.often：一般状况，一般现在时3.Go out and get some fresh air! You have been sitting (sit) there reading all morning.一段时间一直持续，现在完成进行时4.The waiter soon brought (bring) him a cup of tea but the Englishman shook his head.but: 并列连词，对等时态；过去时5.Since his father died three years ago, he hasnt paid (not, pay) any taxes.现在完成时6.Mary told me that she had seen (see) you before.过去的过去；过去完成时7.When I entered the lab, she was making (make) an experiment.当时正在发生的事情，进入实验室是过去时，过去正在发生的事情，过去进行时 8.My father went to Shenzhen in 1988 and he has been working (work) there ever since.since，自从。前面一般过去时，后面现在完成进行时。9.What are you doing now?Im preparing (prepare) my lessons for the final examnow：正在，现在进行时10.What happened (happen) here? There is blood on the floor.Translate1.Students in the College of Medicine are observing an operation.（医学院的学生们现在正在观察一项手术）2.The wind blows hard in March.(三月份的风刮得很厉害)3.Where are y