第十一讲 动词语态(小升初专项讲义及练习).doc

第十一讲 动词语态 本讲内容内容基本要求动词语态一、定义二、用法三、区别语法考点被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do / doesam/is/are+doneWe clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时didwas/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneShe is watering flowers.Flowers are being watered by her.现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendoneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.一般将来时will/shall/begoing to+dowill/shall/be going to+be doneThey will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneShe was writing a letter atthis time yesterday.A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday.过去完成时had+donehad+been doneJim had finished the work.The work had been finishedby Jim.含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedoneI can find him.He can be found by me.热身练习改写句子。1. About one thousand stamps have been collected. (改为否定句)2. Rice is grown in the south of China. (改为一般疑问句)3. Your homework must be handed in today. (改为一般疑问句)4. The children were looked after quite well. (改为否定句)5. Trees are being planted now. (改为一般疑问句)1. 被动语态的用法： 1）不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2）当更加强调动作的承受者时，此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3）当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。2. 主动语态改为被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be动词的过去分词”结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：He gave the boy an apple. The boy was given an apple.（或An apple was given to the boy.）Her father bought her a present. She was bought a present by her father.（或A present was bought for her by her father.） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：They watched the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sing that morning.3. 主动语态变为被动语态注意事项（本部分只出现在教师版中）1）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：We call him Xiao Wang. He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short. His hair was cut short. They told him to help me. He was told to help me. 2）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：We must take good care of the young treesThe young trees must be taken good care of. 3）有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这样的动词有：break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。如：This kind of cloth washes well.This new book sells well.热身练习将下列句子变成被动语态。1. This farm grows beautiful flowers.Beautiful flowers on this farm.2. They use this room for playing table tennis.This room for playing table tennis.3. Do you often clean your room? your room often by you?4. Will they show a new film next week? a new film next week?5. Have you posted the letters yet? the letters yet?4. 有些动词没有被动语态。1）不及物动词无被动语态。 如：What will happen in 100 years?The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2）系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如：Your reason sounds reasonable.5. 被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意：在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：History is made by the people. The people make history.热身练习一、将下列被动语态变成主动语态。1. A sweater was bought to me by her.2. A new bridge is being built by them.3. The book must be handed in by you tomorrow.4. The window has been broken by Tom.5. A new school will be opened in the village soon by them.二、改错。1. She was taught herself an English song. 2. The idea was sounded good.3. The model plane be made by Tom yesterday.4. A house being built by workers now.5. The dictionary was taken good care by him.三、用动词的适当形式完成句子。1. Music (listen) to by us a moment ago. 2. Many years ago, this mountain (cover) with trees. 3. The problem will (solve) soon.4. A new film is going to (show) this Sunday.5. You (want) on the phone just now. 拓展训练一、单项选择。1. The pizza by my mother. Would you like to have some?A. makesB. was makingC. madeD. was made2. The classroom must every day.A. keeps cleanB. be kept cleanC. keep cleanedD. be kept cleaning3. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives4. Our house now.A. is paintB. is being paintedC. is got paintedD. has got to paint5. Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asks to二、根据括号里的要求转换句型。1. All questions were answered by John. (对划线部分进行提问)2. The stars cant be seen in the daytime. (对划线部分进行提问)3. Russian is also taught in their school. (改为一般疑问句)4. These photos were taken on the Great Wall. (改为否定句)5. The work must be done before Thursday. (对划线部分进行提问)三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. these trees (plant) on the hill tomorrow?2. The work can (finish) the day after tomorrow?3. Every year, a flower show (hold) in the park in April.4. These books (send) to the village already.5. English (speak) in Australia.四、将下列句子改为被动语态。1. Li Ping was ill. His mother sent him to hospital at once.Li Ping was ill. He to hospital at once.2. Everyone likes this song.This song by everyone.3. College students invented the flying disk in the 1950s.The flying disk by college students in the 1950s.4. Nobody can carry this box.This box by .5. They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk in Suzhou.五、连词成句。1. closed, the post office, is, him, by2. twenty, was, given, yuan, me, to, last week3. was, the purse, by Xiao Hong, found, yesterday4. trees, can, and, be, flowers, seen, everywhere5. his car, cleaned, being, at that time, was, yesterday随堂巩固一、 单项选择1.- David, turn off the TV _ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that; has been turned B. when; has turnedC. if; has been turned D. because; has turned2.Nick_a job in a bank, but to our surprise ,he didnt take it.A. is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered3. -Do you often plant trees in spring?-Yes, many trees _ in our school every year.A. plant B. are planting C. are planted4.-Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. -I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built5.I_to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early.A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told6. A large number of engineers _ to Africa by our government to help the people there every day.A. have sent B. will send C. are sent7.Its common knowledge that black tea _ in China more than 600 years ago.A. is invented B. was invented C. invents D. invented家庭作业一、单项选择。1. Chinas sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shanghai.A. has been namedB. have been namedC. has namedD. have named2. Today computers in both cities and towns.A. were usingB. are usedC. were usedD. are using3. -What do you think of the football match yesterday? -Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school .A. was beatenB. winC. scoredD. was failed4. A shoe factory will in this part of the city.A. be buildingB. be builtC. buildD. built5. Oh, coffee is ready. It nice. Would you like some?A