湖南省张家界市高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（5）.doc

湖南省张家界市2016高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练（5）阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。think about the different ways that people use the wind. you can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (来源), as well as one of the oldest. evidence shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient iran back in the seventh century bc. they were first introduced to europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the middle east with knowledge of using wind power.for many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. this allowed them to have electric lights and radio. however, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the united states, windmills were rarely used.during the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. people also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.风能早在公元前七世纪就开始被人们用风车所利用，当人们发明了电以后，风能被用来发电，但随着电的广泛使用，风车逐渐不被人们使用了。而进入二十世纪七十年代后，人们又逐渐认识到了风能的优势。1from the text we know that windmills _.a. were invented by european armiesb. have a history of more than 2,800 yearsc. used to supply power to radio in remote areasd. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered答案：c。细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话可知风车首先是在古代伊朗被使用，故排除a项；公元前七世纪到现在应是不足2800年，故排除b项；由第二段当中的第二、三句话可以排除d项，同时也能知道c项是正确的。2what was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?a. sailing a boat. b. producing electricity.c. grinding wheat into flour.d. pumping water from underground.答案：b。细节理解题。由文章第二段中的第二句话可知“在十九世纪末期人们发现了电以后，住在偏远地区的人们开始用风车发电”。3one of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that _.a. wind power is cleanerb. it is one of the oldest power sourcesc. it was cheaper to create energy from windd. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs答案：a。主旨大意题。由文章最后一段可知。4what would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?a. the advantages of wind power.b. the design of wind power plants.c. the worldwide movement to save energy.d. the global trend towards producing power from wind.答案：d。推理判断题。文章最后一句话“如今，出现了一个全球化的运动，要通过风能的利用来提供越来越多的电力”，表明作者会就这个话题继续展开。阅读理解。a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.68pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth69how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.70what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67b 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故b正确。68c 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故c正确。69a 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故a正确。70d 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故d正确。阅读理解。too much tv-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. one of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern california third-graders. those with tvs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom tvs. a second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in new zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year olds who had watched lots of tv during childhood. but the results dont prove that tv is the cause and dont ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of tv. their study measured the tv habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. these with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of tv per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. in the california study, children with tvs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom tv but who had home computers scored the highest. while this study does not prove that bedroom tv sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have tvs in their bedrooms. ( ) 1. according to the california study, the low-scoring group might _. a. have watched a lot of tv b. not be interested ted in math c. be unable to go to college d. have had computers in their bedrooms ( ) 2. what is the researchers understanding of the new zealand study results? a. poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more tv. b. habits of tv watching reduce learning interest. c. tv watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds. d. the connection between tv and education levels is difficult to explain ( ) 3. what can we learn from the last two paragraphs? a. more time should be spent on computers. b. children should be forbidden from watching tv. c. iv sets shouldnt be allowed in childrens bedrooms. d. further studies on high-achieving students should be done. ( ) 4. what would be the best title for this text? a. computers or television b. effects of television on children c. studies on tv and college educationd. television and childrens learning habits 1. a.细节理解题.根据第二段中 those with tvs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom tvs.可得出答案. 2. d. 细节理解题. 根据第三段 but the results don prove that tv is the cause and dont ride t out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of tv.可以确定答案. 3. c.推理判断题.注意最后一段开头的 while 是尽管的意思,所以这两段都是围绕儿 童卧室不应该放电视机的问题. 4. b.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的 影响.文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以 b 项作为标题是最佳的. 【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, andnow a new study has confirmed that atmospheric co2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry andpotentially harming sea life. montana state university scientist robert dore has been researching the water in the pacificocean for almost two decades. weve been going to the same spot in the pacific ocean, and wetry and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. and one of the key thingsthat we measure is cox levels. and weve been able to record this increasing quantity ofatmospheric co, into the ocean. scientists expected that as atmospheric co2 increased, more and一more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance ofthe sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular. as carbon dioxide dissolves in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid,carbonic acid, dore explains. and therefore, as the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere goesup and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the ph down, and makes it moreacidic. the seawater samples dow and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.the effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. dore andhis colleagues came up with two possible explanations. it could be that surface water picked upco2 and then moved to those depths. or there could be a biological explanation. its important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. and it can havenegative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. its potentially catastrophic. 35. what can be the best title of the passage? a. sea life facing danger b. scientist researching seawater c. oceans becoming more acidic d. climate change affecting seawater 36. with the increase of atmospheric c02， a. more corals will appear in the sea b. the surface water is becoming warmer c. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected d. the ph of the ocean out here has been increasing 37. which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric c02 on sea life? a. sea life is endangered. b. c02 goes into the surface water. c. the ocean chemistry is affected. d. c02 levels in the atmosphere go up e. c02 decreases the ph and makes the seawater more acidic. a. abcde b. dbcea c. aebed d. edcba 38. scientist robert dore came to the conclusion based on a. his research and analysis b. the expectation of other scientists c. some former theory d. a major cause of climate change【参考答案】35、a 3638、cba 阅读理解。 “indeed，”george washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before i left home.” but the father of america was not the father of bug.when washington wrote that, englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫)but the english were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.the american bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. the bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.we also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.that meaning dates back to the time of thomas edison.in 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.in 1889 it was recorded that edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”68we learn from paragraph 1 that _aamericans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugbgeorge washington was the first person to call an insect a bugcthe word bug was still popularly used in england in the nineteenth centurydboth englishmen and americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century69what does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?aexplanation. bfinding.corigin. dfault.70the passage is mainly concerned with _athe misunderstanding of the word bugbthe development of the word bugcthe public views of the word bugdthe special characteristics of the word bug【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。68d推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪都使用过bug这个词。69d词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。70b主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）下面是各留学国家的资讯及其学位申请者的信息，请阅读下列资讯和申请人的信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请将答题卡上对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先，请阅读以下留学国家的信息：athe us has always been on the top destination list for chinese students, with its high education standards and enough scholarship.good news: its easier to get a us student visa (签证) nowadays. last year, the refusal rate was only 20 to 30 per cent, much lower than a few years before, according to us embassy.concerns: therere a lot to prepare. the tofel, gre. its longer time to apply to us universities than schools in the uk or australia.useful link: www, usembassychina, org. cnbeasier access to visas and international environment are the uks great attractions fox chinese students.good news: there many new scholarships this year, both from the government and universities, such as the scotland international scholarship.concerns: money. its expensive to study in the uk, with an average cost of 200,000 to 300,000 yuan a year.useful link: www, educationuk, org. cnccanadas multicultural environment is good for students studies and careers.good news: students are allowed to take off campus part-time jobs during their studies from last year. itll help pay living expenses. students can get two-year work permits after graduation.concerns: only a limited number of scholarships are available. they rarely cover the full cost of a study programme.useful link: www. studycanada, cadgood climate, high quality education, favorable immigration (移民) policy: these make australia one of the most popular choices among chinese students.good news: a new e-visa policy ensure a quick application process ( four weeks compared with 12 weeks before )concerns: tuition fees (学费) have risen in past years. the total cost is about 200,000 yuan to attend a university located in