湖南省株洲四中高中英语 Test 4 牛津译林版选修8(1).doc

湖南省株洲四中2014高中英语 test 4 牛津译林版选修8eating less may bring longer life？a study by the national institutes of health _1_ that reducing calories by 30 per cent _2_ to slow the rate of aging in monkeys，providing _3_ evidence that human beings might live longer by eating less.the study has shown that a _4_ diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals to _5_ a lower body temperature，a slower metabolism(新陈代谢) and _6_ changes in the biochemical markers for aging.dr. george roth，a _7_ at the research center of the national institute on aging said，“this shows that what has been demonstrated in mice can also _8_in monkeys.”“we have _9_ for 70 years that if you _10_ laboratory mice less food，they age _11_，they live longer and they get diseases less _12_，”he said.“we find that monkeys _13_ in the same way and that the same biological changes may be in _14_ here.”dr. roth said _15_ biochemical measurements also showed that eating less was _16_ for the monkeys.the study is continuing and _17_ 200 monkeys.dr. roth said that the diets of the monkeys included all of the _18_ vitamins and other nutrients _19_ that half of the monkeys received about 30 per cent fewer calories than a _20_ group.1a.remarksbbelievesccausesdshows2a.aimsbappearscdemandsdagrees3a.strangebnocnewdlittle4a.wellbalancedbwellpreparedcwellplanneddwellcooked5a.producebgivechavedchange6a.morebfewercfasterddeeper7a.scientistbdoctorclawyerddesigner8a.supportbperformcpromotedapply9a.heardbknowncdonedmade10a.accumulatebsupplycafforddfeed11a.slowerbnaturallycsmoothlydoutstandingly12a.carefullybobviouslycfrequentlyddefinitely13a.directbrespondcacknowledgedurge14a.playbworkcpeacedbattle15a.somebsamecotherdall16a.healthybhappycluckydfortunate17a.advocatesbconcernscrefersdinvolves18a.referredbaskedchelpeddrequired19a.forbthereforecbutdas20a.guidebcontrolcmixdreadylanguage learning begins with listening.children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking，and later starters are often long listeners.most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak，though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children.before they can speak，many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.it is agreed that they enjoy making noises，and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight，pain，friendliness，and so on.but since these cant be said to show the babys intention to communicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.it is agreed，too，that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment，and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store.this selfimitation (自我模仿) leads to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.the problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.it is a problem we need to get our teeth into.the meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation；and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.thus the use，at seven months，of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father，his dog，or anything else he likes.playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself.i doubt，however，whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.1before children start speaking _.athey need equal amount of listeningbthey need different amounts of listeningcthey are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructionsdthey cant understand and obey the adults oral instructions2children who start speaking late _.amay have problems with their listeningbprobably do not hear enough language spoken around themcusually pay close attention to what they heardoften take a long time in learning to listen properly3a babys first noises are _.aexpressions of his moods and feelingsbearly forms of languagecsigns that he means to tell you somethingdimitations of the speech of adults4the problem of deciding at what point a babys imitations can be considered as speech _.ais important because words have different meanings for different peoplebis not especially important because the change takes place graduallycis one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with agedis one that should be completely ignored because childrens use of words is often meaningless5the speaker implies _.aparents can never hope to teach their children new soundsbchildren no longer imitate people after they begin to speakcchildren who are good at imitating learn new words more quicklydeven after they have learnt to speak，children still enjoy imitating1a study by the national institutes of health shows that reducing calories by 30 per cent appears to slow the rate of aging in monkeys，providing new evidence that human beings might live longer by eating less.(完形填空第一段)一项由国家健康协会做的研究表明减少30%热量的摄入能延缓猴子的衰老过程，这也对人类可以通过少吃而长寿提供了新证据。providing.为现在分词结构作结果状语，相当于非限制性定语从句，which provides.，是对前面句子的补充说明。(1)he didnt pass the exam，making (which made)his parents disappointed.他没有通过考试，令父母很失望。(2)she hurried to the hospital to operate on a patient，leaving her child alone at home.她匆忙赶往医院去给病人做手术，结果把孩子单独留在了家里。2we find that monkeys respond in the same way and that the same biological changes may be in play here.(完形填空第四段)我们发现猴子有同样的反应，相同的生物学的转换可能在这儿也起作用。同一谓语动词后含有两个或两个以上的宾语从句，第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不可省略。(1)he suggested that all the girls should plant the trees here and that all the boys go to carry the water.他建议所有女生在这儿植树，所有男生去抬水。(2)the chart shows that more and more students are getting fatter and that they have little time to take exercise.图表表明越来越多的学生变得肥胖，他们很少有时间锻炼身体。3but since these cant be said to show the babys intention to communicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.(阅读理解第二段)但是由于这些不能被说成是显示婴儿交流的意图，他们几乎不能被认定为早期语言的形式。since作连词，意为“自从；因为，既然；由于”等。此外，since还可作介词或副词，意为：“从以来”。(1)where have you been since i last saw you?自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？(2)since weve no money we cant buy a new car.因为我们没钱，没法买新车。(3)shes been working in a bank since leaving school.她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。(4)he left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since.他两个星期前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。test 4.1.dshow意为“表明”，即这个研究表明某一事实。2b只有b项符合语境，叙述该研究的结果：减少热量的摄入能延缓动物的衰老过程。3c对动物的研究为我们提供了新的证据，表明人类少吃能长寿。4a此段说的是健康的标志，即低热量等，表示均衡的膳食。5c用have a lower body temperature表示“体温较低”。6b新陈代谢慢，衰老的症状变化就少。7a从下文说他在研究中心，由此可知他的身份是科学家。8dapply表示“应用”，老鼠的这些反应同样适用于猴子。9b由“70 years”这个时间，可知是我们知道这个事实。10d由“less food”可知是喂给(feed)试验用的老鼠食物。11a从上文内容可知，如果减少给动物的喂食，它们就会延缓衰老的过程。12c由“they live longer”推测是患病的频率越低，活得就越久。故选frequently(频繁地，经常地)。13b此处指上述的身体变化也适用于猴子，即有同样的反应(respond)。14ain play表示“起作用，被利用”，相当于come into play。15c句中有副词also，因此这里选c项，表示还有其他一些衡量标准也表明同样的信息。16a和前面叙述的一样，对猴子做的试验也表明，少吃有利于健康长寿。17dadvocate提倡，主张；concern关注，关心；refer谈