湖北省武汉市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（51）.doc

湖北武汉市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（51）【科普知识型-阅读理解】doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. but too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.the new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says richard stevens of the university of connecticut health centre. mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.in the new study, tracy bedrosian and randy nelson of ohio state university exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. for the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” bedrosian says.in a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. all symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. the scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. this finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but cant easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says george brainard of thomas jefferson university. the new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1after being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _achanged their preferencesbescaped from the water more eagerlycremained active as beforedshowed less interest in their favourites2what does the underlined word “quash” in para. 4 probably mean?astudy.bpredict.cease.dcause.3we can learn from the last paragraph that _alight at night may have practical valuebthe biological clock is beneficial to humanschuman mood disorders cannot be healed easilydhuman studies are more important than animal studies4what is the main idea of the passage?anighttime light may foster depression.ba drug has been found to cure mood disorders.cthe study on animals can be applied to humans.dhuman biological clock can be controlled by light.【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。1d细节理解题。根据“compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选d项。2c词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解，减轻”。3a推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择a项。4a主旨大意题。根据文章首段“doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.but too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depression的关系，故a项正确。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。 experts believe that storms and severe weather in north america and asia have disrupted bird flight paths across the world and swept huge numbers of bird species towards the british isles.birds flying to the other side of the atlantic or to the pacific to lay their eggs have been trapped in britain and ireland, adding their numbers to native species, and causing great excitement in the bird-watching community.local birdwatchers have already observed a total of 442 species in the british isles this year. the highest number ever seen in one year is 445, in 2008.“we only need four more to break our record,” said lee evans, who runs the british birding association. “with three months to go im sure well do it.”last month an extremely rare siberian rubythroat bird was seen in scotland, sending hundreds of birdwatchers north in the hope of catching a glimpse of this colourful asian beauty. another very uncommon bird, the bufflehead duck was cited in cornwell and caused similar excitement. “i couldnt believe it,” said evans. “the poor thing was completely knackered. it must have been blown to england by the storms while trying to fly from canada to the southern united states for the winter. thats 3000 miles!”evans said that global warming over the past decade was playing a key role in transforming bird movements across the world. in addition, melting arctic sea ice may also be opening up bird flight paths over the north pole, making it easier for birds from the pacific such as the slaty-backed gull and tufted puffin, both of which appeared in london earlier this year to reach britain.bird-watching is becoming an increasingly popular hobby among all age groups, added evans. “a fifth of our members are under 18. this is a round-the-year hobby that you can enjoy from the kitchen window or from a car. more and more people are bird-watching, and as a result more and more unexpected species are being spotted in the british isles.”1. what is the passage mainly about?a. the results of global warming.b. changes in the british bird population.c. increasing environmental pollution.d. worsening british weather. 2. the underlined word “knackered” is closest in meaning to _. a. bored b. knocked c. spotted d. tired3. how many more bird species are needed to equal the british bird-watching record?a. 3.b. 4.c. 442. d. 445.4. according to the passage, which of the following birds comes from asia? a. slaty-backed gull. b. bufflehead. c. rubythroat. d. tufted puffin.5. which of the following is not mentioned as a possible reason for seeing more bird species in britain?a. an increase in the number of birdwatchers.b. a growth in the number of native species.c. storms due to global warming.d. the melting arctic ice cap.【参考答案】15、bdacb 2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。holidays are really important. many of us have childhood memories of summer holidays when we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways. hut holidays are expensive and, for those families on low salaries or living onbenefits，they are often unobtainable. even the cheapest holidays require travel other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet. for working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. when an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. the schools that i visit in nottingham are full of experienced staff committed (承诺) to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. the number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. schools also have an important role in safe guiding childrens welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. during the long summer holidays, much of this is missed. in setting out its plans for a five-term year, nottingham city council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. we believe this will give realdown time for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning. we acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. however, this mustbe weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.1、 what does the text mainly talk about?a、 the importance of the holiday. b、 the holiday reduction plan. c、 the balance of holidays and school days.d、 the necessity of cutting down the long holiday.2、 the underlined word“they” in the second paragraph refers to a. holidays b、families c、salaries d、 benefits3、the plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students a、obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costsb、 get a chance to spend 8 weeks a term with teachers in schoolc、 benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environmentd、 have more than 5 weeks of school days to receive free school meals4、it can be inferred from the text that a、 working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their childrenb、 some school staff may say no to the plans for a shorter summer holidayc、 the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”d、 the suggested plans for a five term school year can hardly be carried out参考答案14、dac b 阅读理解。blind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction. to those who do not recognize their unique worth. imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. imitation is unacceptable.in the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. when i first learned to cook, i used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. but soon i grew bored. why follow someone elses way of cooking when i could create my own? imitating role models is like using training wheels on a childs bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.in daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. if, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. if you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.in the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. those stars look great on screen. but when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. if you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. they touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. the world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. creative people have an endless resource of ideas. the problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.syudy your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. then you can say,” i stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and tory, and know that they are cheering on.( ) 1.imitation proves useful when you .a. know you are unique b. lose the balance of lifec. begin to learn something new d. get tired of routine practice( ) 2. to avoid the bad result of imitation, we should_.a. forget daily fear and pain b. choose the right examplec. ask others for decisions d. stay away from stars( ) 3.acording to the auth