虚拟语气新.doc

Subjunctive Mood There are three kinds of mood in English Grammar. (Indicative mood, Imperative mood and subjunctive mood)e. g. 1)I m your English teacher. / Its Friday. 2) Open the door. / Dont be late. / May I come in?3) If I were a boy, I should join the army. Subjunctive mood: Be-subjunctive, Were subjunctive Be-S : V. (Should) + V. / (Should) not + V. / (should) be + V-ed. 1) 用于表示命令，决定，建议等词之后的that分句中a) v. : insist, command, order, advise, propose, suggest, demand, require, request, ask etc. + that .e. g. The doctor ordered that he should stay in bed. He ordered that all the books should be sent at once. I suggest that we should go tomorrow. I suggested that we should go the next day. The doctor insists that I should give up smoking. b) adj. : important, impossible, natural, necessary, strange, proper etc. + that.a pity, a shame, It is suggested(decided, ordered, proposed, requested)that.e. g. It is/was necessary that you should know about it. It is a pity that you should be so careless. It is requested that the teacher should give us a lecture this afternoon.c) n. : importance, decision, requirement, suggestion, proposal, necessity, demand, order etc. + that.e. g. The order is/was that we should stay here. Its of great importance that you be here.2) 用于某些公式化语句中，表示祝愿，诅咒，禁止。e. g. May you succeed. / May you be happy. Long live the PRC. / God bless you. / Heaven forbid.3) in case , lest , for fear that 等后的从句中，shouldV e.g. Take your raincoat in case it should rain. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold. Were-S1) 用于非真实条件句中a) 条件从句 结果主句与现在事实相反： 过去式/be用were should/wouldV.与过去事实相反： hadP.P. should/wouldhaveP.P. 与将来可能相反： 过去式/were toV. should/wouldV.e. g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If it were to rain, they would not go out. b) if的省略若条件从句中含有were，should，had，在省略if的同时，将这类词提至主语前，形成倒装。（not等否定副词不提前）e. g. If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train.-Had you left. If it were not so late, I should stay a little longer.-Were it not so late. If I had time, I would come .-Had I time, I would come.c) 错综时间e. g. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now. d) 含蓄条件 用But for, with, without, otherwise, but, or, if only e. g. If only I had taken his advice. If only he were here. But for your help, we couldnt have finished the task in time. She was busy last week, otherwise she would have given us more help.2) wish后的宾语从句与现在情况相反，从句过于式与过去情况相反， hadP.P.与将来愿望相反， would/could + V. / were going toe. g. I wish I were ten years younger. He wished that he had read the book before. I wish I were going to pass the exam. 3) 用于定语从句Its (high/about) time that. + 过去式Its time that you went to bed.Its time that we had lunch. Its time for us to start. Its time for class. 4) 用于状语从句even if, even though; as if, as though. (同wish用法)e. g. They talked as if they had been friends before. He spoke to me as if I were deaf.She looks after Tom as if he were her own child.5) would rather 后的从句中，就现在和将来的情况用过去式，对过去的情况用过去完成I would rather you came next Saturday. I would rather you went home now. I would rather you hadnt done that. 6) would you mind + if 从句 从句中动词通常用过去时 Would you mind if I opened the window? Do you mind if I open the window?7) 情态动词+行为动词完成式Must + have + Ved, 对过去行为的推测，一定Cant /couldnt have ved 过去 不可能May/might have ved 过去 也许.Should have ved 本应当 （责备）Could have ved 本可以 (遗憾)Shouldnt have ved 本不应该Neednt have ved 本没必要Ought to have ved 本当The street are wet. It must have rained heavily.The book cant have been lost there. He may have gone to bed.You should have come here earlier.You neednt have gone to there.My cats really fat.You _ have given her so much food.He paid for a seat, when he _have entered free.the weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _have taken my umbrella with me.subjunctive mood1. I wish I _ you yesterday.A) seen B) did see C) had seen D) were to see2. Its high time that we _ to school.A) would go B) went C) will go D) had gone3. _ you succeed and _ you be healthy!A) should; may B) may; may C) wish; wish D) hope; hope4. _ it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progress. A) had; not been B) should; not been C) did; not been D) if he leaves5. Long _ the Party!A) lives B) live C) will live D) should live6. If only I _ my car!A) hadnt lost B) would not have lost C) didnt lost D) havent lost7. He has been studying so hard. Its natural that he _ tomorrows exam.A) passed B) have passed C) will be D) should pass8. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A) did ; set B) had done; should be set C) do; be set 9. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week.A) to put B) be put C) should put D) be putting10. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A) are B) were C) would be D) would have done11. Toms pale face suggested that he _ ill, and his parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A) be; should have B) was ; have C) should be; had D) was; has 12. If I had a bike, I _ it to you yesterday.A) would have lent B) would lend C) lent D) had lent 13. He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he _ there.A) would be B) has been C) would have been D) had been 14. You did tell me what to do. If only I _ your advice.A) would take B) had taken C) took D) have taken15. The tree looked as if it _ for a long time. A) hasnt watered B) hadnt been watered C) didnt water D) not watered16. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A) goes wro