虚拟语气--zl.doc

虚拟语气一、命题趋势分析虚拟语气是高考热点，也是英语学习的一个难点。测试内容涉及到以下几个方面：1在if引导的非真实条件句的主从句中的应用2在其他各种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句及定语从句）中的应用。二、考点知识精讲语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语动词有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。考点一：虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句表示与事实相反或不可能发生或实现的假设，句中的条件从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其形式如下：if从句主 句对现在的虚拟did（be动词用were）should /would / could /might + do对过去的虚拟had doneshould /would / could /might +have done对将来的虚拟 did were to do should doshould /would / could /might + doeg If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. （与现在事实相反） eg If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. （与过去事实相反）eg If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. （与将来事实相反）Eg：If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. （与将来事实相反） 使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1. 省略if的倒装句if虚拟条件句中如果谓语部分含有should, had或were时，可以省略if，而将should, had或were提到句首，变成倒装句。Eg：If I were at school again, I would study hard. Were I at school again, I would study hard.Eg: If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.2.错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，主从句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。eg. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。eg. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。3.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。常见的有but for (如果没有) , without (如果没有)等引导的短语，以及or, or else , otherwise (否则), but等后面的分句。eg. Without electricity , the world would be dark .= If there were no electricity , the world would be dark .eg. Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work,= But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work.= If it had not been for your help, we wouldnt have finished the work.eg. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.eg. He was having a meeting then , or he would have come to help us . 考点二：虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用 1.主语从句It is /was important (necessary , essential, impossible, natural, unthinkable, strange,surprising , etc.) that.从句谓语动词用 (should)+do或(should)+ be done It is /was a pity (a shame , an honour, a surprise, no wonder , etc.) that.It is /was suggested (requested, required , ordered , proposed , decided , etc.) that.eg. It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children. eg. It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. eg. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 eg. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 eg. Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 很遗憾你错过了一个好机会。 eg. Its no wonder that he (should) fail in the exam. 难怪他考试失败了。 2.宾语从句wish 引导的宾语从句中did（be只能为were) (对现在的虚拟) had done （对过去的虚拟）would/ could (对将来的虚拟)would rather引导的宾语从句中did (对现在或将来的虚拟)had done （对过去的虚拟）下列动词后面引导的宾语从句中“一坚持” ：insist“二命令” ：order, command“三建议” ：advise , suggest , propose“四要求” ：demand , desire, request , require从句谓语动词用 (should)+do或(should)+ be done注意：should可以省略 注意： 表“坚决要求”,（虚拟）, should + dobe done; insist 表“坚持认为,坚持说”,（不虚拟），用陈述语气,表事实。 表“建议”，（虚拟），用should + dobe done; suggest 表“表明、暗示”,（不虚拟），用陈述语气表事实。小试牛刀：1.The teacher suggested that we _ (practice) more after class. 2.The look on her face suggested that she _ (be) happy.3.He insisted that all of us _ (be) there on time by any means. 4.She insisted that the man _ (steal) the wallet.Keys:1.(should) practice2.was3.(should) be4.had stolenwish：eg. I wish I were as healthy as you.eg. I wish I had been to the concert last night.eg. I wish he would forgive me.would rather ：eg. I would rather you paid me now.eg. I would rather you hadnt let out the secret.eg. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.insist / suggest /.1. The smile on his face suggested that _. (agree) 他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划。2. He suggested that we_.(have) 他建议我们立刻开会。3. The doctor suggested that the boy_at once. (operate) 医生建议立刻给小男孩做手术。4. The pale face suggested that_. ( ill ) 他苍白的脸色表明他生病了。 5. The boy insisted that _. (break) 那个男孩坚持认为他没打破窗户。6. He insisted that he_and that_immediately. (do, set) 他坚持认为他没有做错什么并且要求立即被释放。7. He insisted that she_(be) and that_(send) at once.Keys:1. he agreed to the plan2. we (should ) have a meeting at once3. (should) be operated on4. he was ill5. he hadnt broken the window6. he hadnt do anything wrong , (should) be set off7. was ill , he (should) be sent to the hospital 3.表语从句和同位语从句表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的表语从句中常见的这类名词有：insistence坚持、主张order 命令command 命令proposal 建议suggestion 建议advice 建议demand 强烈要求desire 要求requirement要求request 请求从句谓语动词用 (should)+do或(should)+ be done注意：should可以省略表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中as if , as though（好像，似乎）引导的表语从句中， as if, as though 引导的表语从句，若从句与事实相符用陈述语气，从句与事实不相符则用虚拟语气。did (对现在的虚拟) had done （对过去的虚拟）表语从句：eg. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.eg. she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。eg. The pencil seems as if it were broken when it is partly put in the water.比较：eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. (陈述语气)eg. It seems as if the boy has lost his way.（陈述语气）eg. He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.(陈述语气)eg.He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. (虚拟语气)同位语从句：eg. The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.eg. He made a suggestion that they (should) hold an English speech contest. 4. 定语从句 It is (high) time that. It is (about) time that. “早该做. ,是时候做.” did（be只能为were) (对现在的虚拟) had done （对过去的虚拟） should + do / be done (should不能省略)eg. It is high time that you left here.eg. It was time that you had handed in your homework yesterday. 5.状语从句 as if , as though , even if, even though引导的状语 从句 did（be只能为were) (对现在的虚拟) had done （对过去的虚拟） （注意：如果as if 从句动作发生的可能性大， 从句就用陈述语气；如果可能性小，从句用 虚拟语气） lest , for fear that, in case， so that, in order that等引 导的目的状语从句 should /could/ would/might + do if only（“若是.那该多好 啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好”） 引导的状语从句 did（be只能为were) (对现在的虚拟) had done （对过去的虚拟）eg. She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。eg. He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。eg. If only I had arrived in time!eg. If only she didnt drive so fast.三、高考大练兵 A 组1. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you _（就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)2. Were _（下雨）tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)3. Which doctor _ （你建议请来）immediately? (suggest)4. It_ (一定下着大雨)when he got back home, for he was wet all over. (rain)5. What a pity! We _ (宁愿听取) our teachers advice yesterday. (would rather)6. I_ (本想参加) your party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. (would like)7. With a little more care you _(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)8. When the police took the suspect to the police station, he insisted that he_ (没偷) the ladys purse and that he_ (释放). (steal, set)9. How I wish I _ (被录取了) the key university. (admit).10. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I_ (本不需要那么麻烦) to carry my umbrella with me. (take)11. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ (提高20%). (raise)12. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (断了). (break)13.Many coal mine accidents_(本来可以避免的)if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)14.Look what mistakes Ive made, If only I_(听你的劝告).(follow)15. _(万一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(fire)16.Luckily wed brought a map with us, _(没有它我们就会迷了路).(without)17.He would have helped us but that he_(没时间)at that time.18.The suggestion that the mayor_(发奖)has been accepted by everyone.(present)19. It is high time that we_ (采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)20.He_help you (本来打算),but he had no time.(mean)21.If the weather had been more favorable , the crop_(会长得更好)now. (grow)22.What I advise is that_(你们要安静)。(quiet) B 组1. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone. She_（一定经受了）a lot of hardships. (go)2. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you_ (see)（就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)3. It is demanded that the books_（须归还）the school library within two weeks. (return)4. It is suggested that_（运动会推迟）till next Friday. (put off)5. Were_（下雨）tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)6. I supported him in time, otherwise he_ bike（从自行车上摔下来）. (fall)7. Which doctor_（你建议派来）immediately? (suggest)8. It_ (一定下着大雨)when he got back home, for he was wet all over. (rain)9. _（如果他不努力）so hard, he wouldnt have passed the exam. (work)10. You_（本不需要）a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take)11. You_ (最好没责备) her. After all, she did her best. (better).12. What a pity! We_ (宁愿听取) our teachers advice yesterday. (would rather)13. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He_ (不可能) Beijing. (go)14. We_ (还是好) stay where we are. (may)15. I_ (本想参加) your party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. (would like)16. Mr. Bush is always on time for everything, _ (怎么可能) that he was late for the opening ceremony? (can)17. You_ (本该来) to the conference yesterday, what was the reason for your absence? (come)18. It is high time that we_(采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)19. With a little more car you_ (能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)20. When the police took the suspect to the police station, he insisted that he_ (没偷) the ladys purse and that he_ (释放). (steal, set)21. How I wish I_ (被录取了) the key university. (admit).22. But for your help, we _ (不会完成) the work so soon. (finish)23. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I_ (本不需要那么麻烦) to carry my umbrella with me. (take)24. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.-It_ (不可能是一次舒适的旅行). (journey)25. When he was there, he_ (常去) that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (go)26. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I_ (本不应该吃) so much fried chicken just now. (eat)27. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay_ (提高20%). (raise) 28. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ (断了). (break) 29. Im very sorry that I am late for the important meeting, I_ (本应该想到) the road being so busy. (think)30. -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You_ (可能放) it in the wrong place. (put) A 组Keys: 1. would have seen the beautiful tower 2. it to rain do you suggest be sent for 4. must have been raining 5. would rather have taken 6. would like to have attended 7. could have avoided 8. didnt steal, be set free 9. had been admitted to 10. n