高考英语 语法精讲精练 专题十四 特殊句式.doc

语法专题十四：特殊句式.强调句一强调句的基本形式1、强调句的陈述句形式：it is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who+其它部分。 注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用who，其他一律用that。例如：he met an old friend in the park yesterday.主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 对句中各部分进行强调：（1）强调主语 ：it was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday. （2）强调宾语 ：it was an old friend that he met in the park yesterday.（3）强调地点状语 ：it was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（4）强调时间状语 ：it was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：is / was it被强调部分that/who其他部分？was it he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday?was it an old friend that he met in the park yesterday?was it in the park that he met an old friend yesterday?was it yesterday that he met an old friend in the park?3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ is/ was + it + that + 其它部分？what is it that you want me to do?who was it that broke the window?where was it that you put your english book?when was it that he made up his mind to take this course?why is it that he doesnt like the book?how was it that he got hurt? 注意：（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。it is he who/that often does good deeds.it is i who/that am looking for you.（2）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词只用that或who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that或who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态，如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等，用it was ，与现在或将来相关的时态用it is 。（3）若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置，则需要用陈述句的形式。例如：do you know who it is that will teach us english？i really dont know when it was that he went to bed.二not until 句型的强调句句型为：it is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。普通句：he didnt go to bed until his wife came back.强调句：it was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因为句型中it is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三谓语动词的强调1、it is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语，用助动词do/ does或did。例如：do be careful when you cross the street. she does love you.he did write to you last week. 2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，第三人称单数用does，过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。 强调句的验证方法：先看句子里有没有it、be动词和that，如果有，去掉it is / wasthat 结构，看原句是否为一个完整的句子，如果是，则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。.倒装句 倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)一、部分倒装 部分倒装可以用于多种时态，常见的情况有：1. 句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, not,little,few,nowhere,seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, in no way, by no means ,at no time，in no case ,under no circumstance等。例如：never will i give in.not a word did i say to him.i cant swim. neither can he.little does he care about what i said.nowhere will you find the answer to this question.no sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.hardly had he arrived at the station when the train left.by no means will she marry you. 注意：neithernor所引导的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒装。例如：neither do i know her name，nor does tom.2. only + 状语（副词、介词短语、从句等）放在句首,句子要部分倒装。例如： only then did i realize the importance of english. only by this means is it possible to explain it. only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 注意：“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。例如：but only love can say，try again or walk away.only you can help me.3.so或so引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。例如：i saw the film, so did mary.so angry was he that he could hardly speak.so frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. so loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.so fast did he run that i could hardly keep up with him.4. not only + 分句,but also + 分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。例如： not only does john love chinese, he is also good at speaking it. not only did he come，but also he was very happynot only was everything that he had taken away from him ,but also his german citizenship（was taken away） 注意：not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。例如：not only the mother but also the children are sick.5. not until放在句首要用部分倒装；若是复句，从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如： not until last week did they find the lost bike. not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of learning english.6.在以often, many a time, now and again 等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。例如：often have we made that test.many a time has john given me good advice.now and again did she come to see me.7.虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，were, had, should等放在条件句主语前，够成倒装。例如：were i you, i would try it again. =if i were you，i would try it again.should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting beijing.=if it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off visiting beijing.had you worked hard at college, you would have got a better job.=if you had worked hard at college,you would have got a better job.8.由as, though, however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，此种倒装结构比较特殊，一般为：形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though+主语+谓语; however +形容词（副词)+主语+谓语。例如：child as he is,he knows so much about history.tired as he is, he wont stop to have a rest.try as they might, they werent able to overtake the leaders.try as we might, we will never surpass their achievements.however late it is , mother will wait for him to have dinner.however hard they tried, they werent able to overtake the leaders.however hard we try, we will never surpass their achievements.二、完全倒装完全倒装通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构有： 1. there be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。例如：there is a pretty girl in the next room.there stood a dog before him.there exist different opinions on this question. 2.在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里，要用全部倒装。即用“here, there, now, then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语 结构。例如： here comes the girl!there goes the bell. then came the hour we had been looking forward to.now comes your turn.注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：here you are. there she comes. 3. 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。例如：in came mr. white.up went the arrow into the air.out rushed the children.away went the boy. 注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：away he went. out they rushed.4.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时,要用全部倒装。例如：at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. he ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.east of the lake lie two towns. under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 5. 分词(代词) + be + 主语结构。例如：walking at the head of the line was our teacher.buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies. such was the story he told me.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练特殊句式考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对特殊句式的考查主要涉及强调句型尤其是that的使用、倒装句尤其是助动词的选择以及助动词后面接动词原形、省略句等。 特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：1.(2016全国,阅读b)when her daughter and son asked her to move to san antonio to help their children, she politely refused . only after a year of friendly discussion _ms gaf finally say yes.2.(2016全国，阅读d)_(positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as dr.berger explains in his new book.3.(2016江苏，34)not until recently they encourage the development of touristsrelated activities in the rural areas. 4.(2016天津，13)you are waiting at a wrong place.it is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 5.(2016北京，阅读b)“its the ocean _ makes rockaway so special.” she says.6.(2016 北京，完形)if that happened, seppala might fall into the icy water below.he would die, and so _the sick children of nome.7.(2016四川，阅读d)the more fat you take in before bedtime, the _(great) burden you will put on your body at night.8.(2015天津，3)only when lily walked into the office _she realize that she had left the contract at home.9.(2015湖南，23)only after talking to two students did i_ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest